Izixhobo kunye nokusebenza Umgaqo motor induction. uhlobo motor olungenangqamaniso: ukusebenza mgaqo, inkcazo kunye nokusebenza

Njengokuba Motors ezininzi, AC induction motor (BP) iye yinxalenye fixed engaphandle leyo ibizwa ngokuba stator kunye plane ejikelezayo ngaphakathi. Phakathi kwazo kukho kubalwa ngocoselelo sithuba somoya.

Zisebenza njani?

Uyilo kunye nokusebenza iinjini olungenangqamaniso, njengabo bonke abanye, isekelwe kwinto yokuba ukuba actuate isindululo le plane usebenzisa magnetic ukujikeleza endle. phase-Ezintathu AD luhlobo kuphela kweemoto, apho wadala ngendlela yemvelo ngenxa yohlobo ngamandla. Xa Motors DC isebenzisa ngomatshini okanye utshintshe nje ngekhompyutha, yaye ezi-AD - izakhi zombane olongezelelweyo.

Ukuze isebenze i-injini, kufuneka ukuba iiseti ezimbini abasebenza. Le yokusebenza Umgaqo motor induction kukuba enye iseti senziwa stator ukuba ziphithizelayo enxulumene AC umthombo. Ngokutsho komthetho Lenz kaThixo, eyenza kwi ivili le kagesi (EMF) ngendlela efanayo njengoko ombane olubangelwe kwi yesibini kwayijikeleza le transformer, ukudala enye iseti abasebenza. Ngenxa yoko elinye igama BP - induction motor. Izixhobo kunye nokusebenza iinjini olungenangqamaniso kusekelwe kumgaqo ukuba intsebenziswano phakathi amasimi kazibuthe ezi abasebenza ivelisa ungamandla torsional. Ngenxa yoko, i-plane lijikeleza kwicala le torque onesiphumo.

stator

Le stator iquka amacwecwe ezininzi ubhityileyo alumuniyam okanye intsimbi uphoswe. Bona icinezelwe omnye komnye ukwenza itankana engundoqo Wosenza vee. Bona wabeka ngcingo igqunyiwe. Iqela ngalinye engathi kunye ezingundoqo engqongileyo emva kokuba nokusebenzisa iifomu alternating electromagnet yangoku. Inani izibonda AD kuxhomekeke unxulumano yangaphakathi engathi stator. It yenziwe ngohlobo lokuba xa umthombo wamandla kwakhiwa batshintshana zibuthe.

ivili

Le plane iqulathe iipleyiti eziliqela steel obhityileyo kunye nombala kulahlwa malunga kwimiphetho kweentonga aluminiyam okanye ubhedu. Xa uhlobo layo ithandwa - shorted okanye "unomatse ebuhlanti", - xa eziphelweni kweentonga ezo bomatshini kwaye ngombane enxulumene ngamakhonkco. Phantse 90% of BP isebenzisa le uyilo, ngenxa yokuba ilula kwaye zithembeke. Le plane iquka engundoqo zezindlu elaminethiweyo kunye vee axially parallel amalungiselelo ukwenzela ababhexeshi ufakelo. Xa groove intonga nganye kufanelekile zobhedu, aluminiyamu okanye ingxubevange. Ba ngapha nangapha amakhonkco ekupheleni-circuited elifutshane. Oku kuyilwa kufana ehokweni unomatse, ngenxa yoko waza igama elifanelekileyo.

i Slots plane akukho ncam zifana kwizikhondo. Yakhiwa kunye ROOTN encinane ngenxa yezizathu ezibini eziphambili. Okokuqala ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle uxinzelelo lwegazi ngokunciphisa ingxolo Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye harmonics. Eyesibini kukuba ukunciphisa amathuba le snagging plane: amazinyo ayo ukubandakanya iphazamisane stator ngenxa ngqo ngemagnethi umtsalane therebetween. Oku kwenzeka xa inani labo iyafana. Le plane ukhwele nomphini ngokusebenzisa iibheringi ekupheleni nganye. Enye inxalenye kudla na ngaphezu enye, kuba ukuqhuba umthwalo. Kwinjini ezithile ekupheleni bengasebenzi ye shaft enyusiweyo abenzi isantya okanye isikhundla.

Phakathi stator kunye plane kukho isithuba somoya. Ngokusebenzisa ukhutshelo. Le torque eyenziwe ebangela ukuba plane ku gqiba kunye nomthwalo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba uhlobo plane, izixhobo kunye nokusebenza Umgaqo motor induction kuhlala ingatshintshanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi zihlelwa ngokwenani of engathi stator. Ukwahlula phakathi Iimoto abangatshatanga kunye nesigaba ezintathu zombane.

Uyilo kunye nokusebenza ezi-induction motor

uxinzelelo lwegazi-Isigaba esinye okwabangela nxalenye inkulu iinjini zombane. Ngoko kusengqiqweni ukuba imali ubuncinane kwaye obufana ekuncedeni injini isetyenziswa kakhulu. Nanjengoko igama layo lixela, injongo, yintshukumo yoqheliso motor umgaqo olu hlobo isekelwe ubukho stator enye kuphela ngokubhijela namandla umthombo ezi-. Yonke le hlobo plane blood pressure unomatse.

Motors-Isigaba esinye musani ukuqalisa ngokwabo. Xa ngeemoto elidityaniswe kuyo umbane yi the main ngokubhijela ifildi ngoku uqala ukugeleza. Le ivelisa yintsimi ngemagnethi idaleka. Ngenxa plane induction ithe amandla. Ekubeni eziphambili mandla mhlaba otsalayo, lo torque efunekayo ukuzitshintsha imoto, akukho generated. Le plane iqala nendlebe kunokuba Jikeleza. Ngako oko, kuba ezi-AD ifuna asibambe. Ingaba umfutho okokuqala, ebangela shaft ukuhamba.

Ukuqalisa indlela is a single-phase uxinzelelo lwegazi ibandakanya ikakhulu stator ezongezelelweyo jiko. Yena uyakwazi sikhaphe capacitor series kwaye switsha centrifugal. Xa supply ombane idlalayo ombane engundoqo kwemicimbi libe lisalele ngasemva ngenxa yokuthiya kwayo. Kwangaxeshanye, umbane kwindawo yokuqala jiko engasemva okanye ngaphambi ombane yonikezelo ngokungqinelana ukuvimba le adubule. Intsebenziswano phakathi zemagneti eveliswa ngokubhijela eziphambili kunye isekethe eqala ivelisa lo mhlaba otsalayo enokubakho. It lijikeleza kwicala elinye. Le plane iqala ukuya kwicala lo mhlaba otsalayo enokubakho.

Xa Isantya motor ifikelela malunga ne-75% yexabiso ngegama, iswitshi centrifugal disconnects ukuqala jiko. Ngaphezu koko, le injini uyakwazi ukugcina torque eyaneleyo ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo. Ngaphandle Motors ne lokuqalisa capacitor ezizodwa, zonke iinjini abangatshatanga-sigaba, ukuba ezisetyenziswa ukwenza amandla engadlulanga 500 watts. Kuxhomekeka iindlela ezahlukeneyo lokuqalisa, single-isigaba AD zihlelwe ngakumbi, njengoko kuchaziwe kule macandelo alandelayo.

BP Isigaba yahlula

isixhobo Ulwabiwo kunye nokusebenza motor olungenangqamaniso kunye kwisigaba yahlula esekelwe ukusetyenziswa kuwo ngayo engathi amabini kunye ezingundoqo eqala. Isindululi ezenziwe ngocingo ububanzi zibencinane kwaye ambalwa amathuba xa kuthelekiswa engundoqo, ukwakha nenkani. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba hlengisa nemagnethi kwi-engile. Yohluka evela ngakwicala asendle engundoqo zibuthe, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba ukujikeleza ivili. coil yokuyisebenzisa, nto leyo yenziwa iingcingo ubukhulu enkulu, i-injini usebenza lonke ixesha.

Ingongoma yokuqala iphantsi, ngokubanzi ukusuka 100 ukuya-175% ye besiqhelo. I-injini isebenzisa lokuqalisa current eliphezulu. Yena amaxesha 7-10 mkhulu wesiqhelo. torque naye izihlandlo 2.5-3.5 ngaphezulu. Olu hlobo imoto isetyenziswa grinder encinane, iifeni zenkohlakalo, kwakunye nezinye izicelo ezifuna amandla aphantsi torque watts ku-40 250. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa iinjini ezinjalo apho imijikelo rhoqo kwi-off okanye zifuna torque eliphezulu.

BP ukuqala capacitor

uhlobo ekondensa yoqheliso motor nangemigaqo yawo yokusebenza isekelwe kwinto yokuba coil ukuqala ukuya kwisigaba capacitance yayo yahlula lidibane series, ngokubonelela ekuqaleni "ukubetha". Njengoko ezahlukeneyo ngaphambili injini, kukho kwakhona utshintsho centrifugal. It likhubaza zeesekethe ukususela xa isantya motor ufikelela 75% ombane. Ekubeni capacitor elidityaniswe kuyo series, kuba idala isisiqalo torque enkulu, lwathi 4.2 lunemiba lokusebenza. A komsinga ongowona kwi ngegama izihlandlo 4,5-5,75, nto leyo eziphantsi kakhulu kwimeko yahlula-sigaba, ngenxa ngcingo ezinkulu kwi eqala jiko.

Lwalo modified iyahluka motor starter kunye nokumelana lwangaphakathi. Kule hlobo umthamo injini indawo resistor. Ukumelana isetyenziswa kwezo meko apho isisiqalo torque ngaphantsi usebenzisa capacitor. Ukongezelela iindleko asezantsi, oko akuthethi ukunika eziluncedo phezu isiqalo capacitive. Ezi injini zisetyenziswa iiyunithi kunye drive nebhanti: zokuthutha ezincinane, fans ezinkulu iimpompo, kwakunye nezixhobo ezininzi ngqo drive okanye gear.

AD kunye kwisigaba Ukutshintshwa capacitor yokusebenza

Izixhobo kunye nokusebenza yoqheliso lwemoto le hlobo zisekelwe uxhulumaniso asisigxina capacitor lidibane series ne ekuqaleni jiko. Emva kokuba uphume injini ngesantya rated uba yesekethe lokuqalisa abangabancedani. Ekubeni inkonkxa kufuneka yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa rhoqo, oko akakwazi ukunika lokuqala ukubetha lokuqalisa capacitor. I eqala torque yale low motor. Yena 30-150% ye wesiqhelo. Ukuqalisa yangoku amancinci - ngaphantsi kwe-200% ye-ngegama, nto leyo eyenza Iimoto zombane yale hlobo apho kuyimfuneko rhoqo ukhanyisa nangaphandle ezifanelekileyo.

Oku kuyilwa zinezibonelelo ezininzi. Scheme lula modified ukusetyenziswa esisebenza ngesantya. Iimoto zombane kufuneka silungiselelwe ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kunye namandla factor eliphezulu. Bona ingqalelo kakhulu oluthembekileyo iinjini ezi-ngokubanzi kuba isiqalo iswitshi centrifugal alisetyenziswa kubo. Bona zisetyenziswa fans, zenkohlakalo, yaye ngokufuthi ziquka isixhobo. Umzekelo, kwi iindlela hlengahlengiso, iinkqubo aphalaze namasango neengcango igaraji.

BP kunye nangazo capacitor esebenzayo

Izixhobo kunye nokusebenza Umgaqo uqhelwaniso lwemoto le hlobo zisekelwe capacitor yokuqala ezilandelanayo eqhagamshelwe Ikhoyili iqala. Oku kwenza kube lula ukwenza torque ngakumbi. Ukongeza, ukuba unalo capacitor esisigxina lidibane series kunye abangabancedani ngokubhijela emva kokuqala ngaphandle kokuba isikhongozeli. Esi sikimu ivumela ukuxinana torque enkulu.

Olu hlobo injini eyenzelwe imisinga umthwalo opheleleyo osezantsi, eqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo enkulu. Oku kuyilwa into eninzi kakhulu ngenxa yobukho yokuqala, capacitor yokusebenza kunye iswitshi centrifugal. Used in koomatshini zokusebenza, compressors umoya, iimpompo zamanzi koxinzelelo oluphezulu, iimpompo emoyeni nalapho high torque iyafuneka. Power - ukususela 0.75 ukuya 7.5 kW.

BP nge pole umthunzi

Uyilo kunye nokusebenza kwe-mafutha yoqheliso yale hlobo sikuko yokuba aphambili enye ngokubhijela kuphela yaye akukho ekuqaleni. Qalisa wenziwa ngenxa yokuba inxalenye encinane malunga nganye izibonda stator unalo umsesane uvikele sobhedu, apho lo mhlaba otsalayo kule ndawo emva entsimini kwinxalenye unshielded. Ukusebenzisana kwamabala amabini kukhokelela ukujikeleza kwizikhondo.

Ekubeni kungekho coil start-up okanye capacitor okanye switsha, lo ziimoto ngombane ilula kwaye azibizi. Ukongeza, isantya yayo ungalawuleka angafaniyo le ombane okanye iharika jiko. Uyilo injini nezibonda amsindise kuvumela imveliso mass. Oku ngokuqhelekileyo uthathwa "omnye-off", njengoko sitshiphu indawo ngaphezu yokulungisa. Ukongeza iimpawu ezintle lungiselelo lineqela ethile:

• torque eliphantsi elingana 25-75% yexabiso rated;
• slip eliphezulu (7-10%);
• ukusebenza ephantsi (ngaphantsi kwama-20%).

Ixabiso eliphantsi lokuqala uvumela ukusetyenziswa kwale hlobo wegazi zixhobo okanye isetyenziswe kungeyonto ayenza rhoqo. Sithetha esiyenza-multi isantya fan. Kodwa torque isiphelo ephantsi-, ukusebenza elisezantsi kunye neempawu mechanical ephantsi musa ukuvumela izicelo zabo zorhwebo okanye mveliso.

phase-Ezintathu AD

Ezi Motors ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino. Uyilo kunye nokusebenza kwesigaba ezintathu-induction ngeemoto kumiselwa yokusebenza design - kunye ebuhlanti okanye plane nxeba. Kuba iqaliswa akudingi capacitor uqale jiko, switsha centrifugal okanye esinye isixhobo. Ukuqala avareji point, kwaye abade, ngokunjalo umthamo kunye nokusebenza. Used in koomatshini besila, lathes, oomatshini zokomba, iimpompo, compressors, zokuthutha, kunye nezinye noomatshini lwezolimo.

BP ivaliwe ivili

Esi sigaba ezintathu-olungenangqamaniso imoto, imigaqo zokusebenza kunye nezixhobo eziye ichazwe ngasentla. Accounting phantse-90% yazo zonke iinjini ontlantlu-ntathu. Iveliswe amandla watts 250 ukuya kilowatts amakhulu eziliqela. Ethelekiswa Iimoto ezi-ukususela 750 W, baba nakho ukwazi ukumelana imithwalo enzima.

BP isilonda ivili

Uyilo Nokusebenza kwisigaba ezintathu-motor olungenangqamaniso kunye Motors slip-ring kwahluke uxinzelelo igazi "nomatse ebuhlanti 'ukuba plane unesethi engathi, Iziphelo ezo mfutshane-circuited. Ziboniswa kwi emakhonkcweni kwisiliphu. It ikuvumela ukuba ukwazi ukuqhagamshela kuyo resistors yangaphandle contactors. torque obukhulu kisekiyo ngqo ukuxhathisa ivili. Ngoko ke, ngesantya esisezantsi ngayo ingongezwa ukwandisa ukuxhathisa. ukumelana High kukuvumela ukuba ufumane torque enkulu ngexesha lokuqalisa current ephantsi.

Njengoko uxhathiso kunciphisa yokunyusa plane ukutshintsha iimpawu motor ukuhlangabezana neemfuno umthwalo. Emva kokuba injini ifikelela isantya isiseko, resistors yangaphandle ukhubazekile. Kwaye ke injini yombane usebenza uxinzelelo lwegazi eqhelekileyo. Olu hlobo lokusebenza ilungele umthwalo omkhulu inertial, efuna isicelo torque phantse zero ngesantya. Inika unikezelo ukuya kutsho kweli xesha lincinane ngesifo ngamandla minimum.

A engxakini iinjini ezinjalo kukuba amakhonkco iphetshana kunye iibhrashi zifuna ulondolozo lwarhoqo, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze imoto kunye plane elifutshane-circuited. Ukuba ivili jiko na shorted waza wenza iinzame ukuqala (t. E. Le fowuni iba ngomgangatho BP), kuya kuba flow eliphezulu kakhulu ngoku. Kuyinto izihlandlo ezili-14 mkhulu kuno kayi kwi torque ophantsi kakhulu yi-60% of lokwaNdlalela. Kwiimeko ezininzi, isicelo ayifumaneki.

Ngokuguqula isantya ukuxhomekeka ojikelezayo kwi torque ngokulawula luvukelo ivili nga zinokohluka isantya kwi umthwalo ethile. Oko ngempumelelo kungazehlisa nge-50% xa umthwalo kufuna torque bume nesantya oluqhelekileyo ukushicilela oomatshini, compressors, zokuthutha, iilifti kunye bekwilift. Nciphisa izinga ngezantsi iziphumo%-50 kwi ukusebenza eziphantsi kakhulu ngenxa ukusasaza amandla ephakamileyo resistances ivili.