Iinkqubo Cognitive: inkcazelo kunye nophuhliso

Lonke ulwazi ezikhoyo abantu (umzekelo, iikhemikhali kunye neempawu zomzimba yenjongosenzi, isixhobo yezinto zonke, njalo njalo) zisisiphumo psyche yabantu. Indima ephambili kule nkqubo udlalwa ziinkqubo ngokwasengqondweni ukuba abe imigangatho eyahlukeneyo ngobunzima.

Ngamnye kubo uneempawu zawo kwaye umbutho ezizodwa, ukwenza igalelo ekhethekileyo ukuyilwa yemboniselo ngentshukumo kwiinkalo zonke zehlabathi. iinkqubo Cognitive ukuthatha ngaxeshanye indawo, kodwa ukusebenzisana kweziphazamiso bengabonakali ukuya abantu.

A indima ekhethekileyo bobabo inkqubo sensor, leyo, njengomkhusane, nibonise ihlabathi ngobutyebi zayo zonke iintlobo nemibala ezingqondweni zethu. Kwingqiqo yolwazi luqala njengokungathi ngamnye (ezibonwayo, ezikhalayo, gustatory, njalo njalo. D.). Kodwa ngenxa imbono zakha iintlobo zemifanekiso. Umntu ngamnye unenani zabo ezinkulu.

Ukuba sithethe ontogenesis, ezi nkqubo kwengqondo (imvakalelo kunye imbono) besiya ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu. Kodwa ukwenza umfanekiso zehlabathi oko akwanelanga, kuba kubaluleke kakhulu njengoko memory - ukukwazi kwabantu, nto leyo ehambisana kunye namandla okugcina, baligcine, uwabize, qaphela uze ukhumbule iintlobo ulwazi. Emva kokuzalwa kosana engqondweni kukho ulwazi yemfuza ekuthiwa-, awangqinelwa ngawo senzeka kule minyaka yokuqala yobomi. Kodwa memory of kuya kuvumela ukufunda yaye nabantu, "efunxa" ngenxa impumelelo yabantu. ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, umntwana uya inkosi nantoni kuya kuba kubalulekile ukuba ubomi obusempilweni.

Kodwa iinkqubo lolwazi "iintloko" iingcinga, apho iqondwe njengoko ngenxa ezentlalo imbande nantetho nesenzeko izangoma, ebonakala ngu ibonisa esingeneleiwe kwaye ngokubanzi leendibano kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo. Loo wabadlali kunceda umntu omncinane ekuhlalutyeni imifanekiso ezifunyenweyo eyenziwe, eyenza kwiimvuthuluka umfanekiso kwehlabathi. Le nkqubo iya kwizigaba eziliqela ontogeny.

Kwisigaba sokuqala (iminyaka emithathu) iinkqubo cognitive ezi "phantsi kweempembelelo" ezibonwayo-motor yokucinga. Umntwana Uyabubona ihlabathi ngokwenza izinto zimi kuzo izikolo ngenxa umsebenzi entsonkothileyo koluvo, imbono, inkumbulo, kwaye inyathelo lokuqala (lwangaphandle).

Kwisigaba sesibini (ukususela emithathu ukuya kwiminyaka emithandathu okanye esixhenxe) iqala ukuyilwa ubuchule nokuthelekelela lomhlaba. izenzo yangaphandle, imifanekiso izinto ezinzulu zehlabathi internalized, okt ihamba ngokwesicwangciso embilwini. Ngenxa yoko, umntwana ngoku iyakwazi ukucinga ngemifanekiso, ukudala umfanekiso yehlabathi.

Kodwa ukuze awenze kakuhle kwaye structured, xa umntu okhulele uqala ukuphuhlisa ukucinga ngamazwi ubhalo, kuyanceda ukuqonda bokuqonda kunye neepateni zehlabathi.

Lungisa ngendlela efanayo nokwenza kube luphuhle nengqikelelo creative ukunceda, nejonge ukwenza imifanekiso ezintsha zehlabathi ezingqongileyo.

Psychology leenkqubo kwengqondo kuya kuba njengezingaphelelanga ukuba asizange Ukuqaqambisa indima ebonakalayo ingqalelo. Ukuba kunceda umntu ukuba sigxile ezintweni ezahlukeneyo leyinene.

Ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo cognitive kufuneka ziqalwe kwi kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokuzalwa. Ngaxeshanye kufuneka ukuba kubekho urhulumente osweleyo izangoma (oku umgaqo esisiseko). Ukuze wenze oku, ukuqinisekisa ukuba, iminqweno eqaqambileyo ezahlukeneyo kunye namava, kwakunye utshintsho rhoqo imisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi. Abantu abadala kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba eyona ndlela ibhetele yokuphumeza oku umdlalo.