A umlando emfutshane ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov

Namhlanje ndikubalisele Anton yaseChekhov - ngobomi bakhe. Kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov kaThixo kuya kwenziwa kweli nqaku. Makhe siqale kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane, uze uchaze zonke iinkcukacha.

A umlando emfutshane ubomi kunye nomsebenzi A. P. chehova

• Anton Pavlovich Chehov wazalwa 17 (29) Januwari 1860 baseTaganrog. Usapho ngabazali bakhe - Chehovy Pavel Georgievich (womrhwebi) kunye Evgenia Yakovlevna.
• Ithuba ukususela 1876 ukuya 1878 - eli xesha, yemifuniselo yokuqala zoncwadi zombhali.
• Ukufundisisa kwiYunivesithi eMoscow, kwi-Faculty of Medicine, ebanjwe 1879-1884, ngokulandelelana.
• Ngowe-1880 wapapasha imisebenzi yokuqala umbhali, kwakunye nomsebenzi wabo lwaqhutywa kwiimagazini ezahlukeneyo elonwabisayo "Ikloko yokuvusa", "Iingceba," "laba".
• Ngowe-1890, yaseChekhov waya kwisiqithi Sakhalin.
• Yena waqala ukusebenza ngo-1898 kunye Moscow Art Theatre, eyayibanjelwe ngexesha elifanayo iphambili kumdlalo "Inqina".
• Ndikhoyo umtshato Olga Knipper - 1901.
• 1903-1904 gg. - umdlalo kuqala ndibano Moscow Art Theatre phantsi igama "I-Cherry Orchard."
• Ngowe-1904, 2 (15) kaJulayi, umbhali wafa Badenweiler, kwi iiholide German.

Ngoko ke, thina ngokufutshane uchaze ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov. Table, leyo ingenziwa kule umlando, kuya kukunceda ukuba budibane ngcono ulwazi, ukuba ufuna ukukhumbula imihla ephambili enxulumene nomntu ka Anton yaseChekhov.

Ukuba ufuna kakhulu-olunzulu ulwazi ngobomi, kuya kukunceda ulwandlalo olude eneenkcukacha zobomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov ukuba sele zenziwe yaye anikele ingqalelo yakho namhlanje.

Xa ekhaya nabazali bakhe

Chehov Anton Pavlovich wazalwa baseTaganrog. Uyisemkhulu yaba serf ngokuzalwa, kodwa wayithenga ukuba yena nosapho lwakhe, bakhonza emva koko umphathi estate (ezinye iimpawu umfanekiso akhe abonakala isimilo imisipres "I Cherry Orchard"). Uyise Anton Pavlovich babe evenkileni, kodwa eyahlukileyo ukungakwazi ukuqhuba imicimbi yezoqoqosho, akunakwenzeka. Xa ubuntu bakhe bamanyane kakhulu: abantwana italente wobugcisa (Paul G. omhle umzobo, kodwa wayethanda umculo, ukudlala ivayolin, wabathanda sicula ibandla) kunye imperiousness kwaye inzima ephaca ngokumalunga usapho kunye nabanye. YaseChekhov, ekhumbula esengumntwana, wabhalela Alexander, umzalwana wakhe umdala 1883 ukuba ebuntwaneni wadliswa ezibuhlungu. despotism Family kunye isohlwayo eziqulunqwe yaseChekhov ukwaliwa ugonyamelo sikweni, umnqweno inkululeko, ingqiqo kwenyusa nokuzixabisa.

Ukuzimela ekuphileni

Kunye nobuchule, kunye nobomi yaseChekhov ebutsheni yaba elizimeleyo. Xa intsapho yakhe, ngokukhawuleza abantwana baba elizimeleyo. Sons wanceda kurhwebo, esemncinane esebenza evenkileni. Anton Pavlovich ukuze ndisemncinane shi kwindawo kwindlu: yena acoca indlu, waya emarikeni, ithwalelwe amanzi, wahlamba ikhola ngenxa imilo, ezele nezibane zeparafini.

Kodwa ubomi bakhe kwakukho into enye into: ukwenza basekhaya skits ukuba yaseChekhov ngokwakhe aqamba yaye badlale kunye nabazalwana bakhe, ukuloba. Le ntsapho yaqalisa ukwenza umama eqaqambileyo, lowo ekrelekrele, ngokunyanisekileyo umfazi onobubele.

Ihlabathi lwendalo ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov

Ukususela ebuntwaneni, Anton Pavlovich ukulithanda kwakhe ihlabathi zendalo, indishiye uphawu ngokunzulu umphefumlo wakhe, ukushukumisa ukunxanelwa ubomi. Kwaye ke umsebenzi yaseChekhov ibonisa oku. Kumabali akhe sidibana inkcazelo emathafeni, saseTaganrog Bay ( "emathafeni", "On Christmas Night" kunye nabanye.). Kakhulu wayibona ngokucacile uxhulumaniso uhlobo yombhali ubomi kwaye eboniswe umsebenzi impembelelo yawo kakhulu ubomi babantu. Ngemisebenzi yaseChekhov ngayo indalo humanized: izilwanyana, iintyatyambo, imithi, cinga kwaye uzive njengoko abantu ( "Musani ukoyika", "White-egudle", "Kashtanka," "Agatha").

Education esikolweni

kuye Lo mzalwana omdala akwazi ukubamba ixesha xa ntsapho ekhuselekileyo: ikhaya ngokundwendwela Utitshala Frenchman, emva koko kubekwa UNks. Kuba Nicholas, umzalwana yombhali elizayo, wamenywa ukuba abe njengomfundisi womculo.

Xa Anton ekhula, imeko yezimali intsapho iye sibi kakhulu, ngoko wakwazi ukufumana kuphela imfundo yamabanga aphakamileyo. nomdla okhethekileyo befunda esikolweni kolwimi yaseChekhov, Noko ke, akazange abangele. Eli ziko ke okufana elo xesha. Kuyo ungenza ngcamango okanye oluchanileyo ngaphantsi kwe ibali elifutshane yaseChekhov kaThixo osihloko sithi "Indoda Case".

Kwisikolo semfundo ephakamileyo inzululwazi kakuhle esiqhutywa, kwafuneka iteleskopu, izixhobo zakutshanje kule ofisi. Anton kwi izifundo uMthetho kaThixo waba umfundi oluthandayo Pokrovskogo Fedora Platonovicha. Yaba an, umntu umdla engaqhelekanga owaqaphela kusasa elizayo umbhali ehlekisayo italente waza wamnika igama elisisiqhulo Chekhonte leyo kamva yaseChekhov mbumbulu. Ngenxa yoko, wadlala indima ebomini bakhe. Kwaye ke umsebenzi yaseChekhov ethathe imilo ngaphandle inxaxheba kule ubuntu umdla. Noko ke, kweyisa kule moya esikolweni, ikakhulu esibonakala icala kunye bureaucratism. Kwimvisiswano malunga nokumiselwa yokomoya umbhali elizayo baphenjelelwa ngamandla iincwadi kunye yeqonga. Kwathi i uthando kwangethuba ukulungiselela umdlalo: eneminyaka engama-13, umbhali elizayo wayesele lityelela rhoqo saseTaganrog yemidlalo yeqonga.

Eli xesha fanele kwakhona imigudu yakhe yokuqala zoncwadi, ngoku ezaziwa kuphela amagama ukuthi zidalwe ngexesha yaseChekhov. NgezoBomi kunye nobuchule, ngamafutshane, eli xesha elo ezinye iziganeko ezibalulekileyo. izibakala Basic oluchaza sithe thaca, malunga nobuchule, phawula oku kulandelayo. Njengoko yesikolo, wapapasha iphephancwadi "Bunny", wabhala comedy "Akukho nto inkukhu becula" yaye "Kufumaneke diamond cut," kwakunye umdlalo "Ukukhulisa".

Aveza yaseChekhov ekhaya

Ngowe-1876, uyise ka-Anton Pavlovich zawa, kuyanyanzeleka nentsapho yakhe ukuya eMoscow. Anton wasala yedwa baseTaganrog eneminyaka engama-16, njengoko kokugqiba isikolo. Waqala ukuthi ayenze ngokunika izifundo zabucala, angamgxothi nkqu ethunyelwe entsapho. Ngaloo minyaka enzima, ubomi ezele ubulolo, nezilingo kunye nobunzima, negalelo ekukhuleni lokuqala lombhali efana yaseChekhov. Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi (ezichazwe ngokufutshane) ixesha kuphawulwa iziganeko ezingundoqo ezilandelayo.

YaseChekhov - umfundi eMoscow State University

Ekubeni ophumelele iimviwo zokugqibela ngo-1879, yaseChekhov waya eMoscow. Apha ke babhalise Moscow University, sokuzikhethela amayeza. Ukususela ikhosi yokuqala yaseChekhov waqalisa ukusebenza kwiimagazini ezahlukeneyo, eziprintiweyo. Iintsapho phantse umthombo kuphela mali baba holo akhe zoncwadi. YaseChekhov waba yintloko ntsapho kunye nomnikezeli yayo.

Imisebenzi yokuqala ashicilelwe

kupapashwa kuqala imisebenzi yakhe (lumo) wafika kuloo magazini "nohlabamanzi". Czechs kokukhetha indlela ezoncwadi, eziprintiweyo kokubini neentlobo ahlekisayo kunye kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi ekuqaleni esilawulwa wangaphambili. Phantsi awethu ezahlukeneyo (Makwerhu wa umzalwana wam, Indoda Ngaphandle udakada, Antosha Chehonte) oko eprintiweyo iimagazini ahlekisayo "Iingceba," "ledragonfly", "Alarm", "ngesithende". Iintlobo eziphambili apho kwakukho kumatshini ahlekisayo ngelo xesha, kwakukho "izinto ezincinane" ezahlukeneyo sadalwa izimiso ezithile: .. aphorisms ezinoburharha, iikhalenda ahlekisayo, ingcaciso, amabalana amafutshane, izichazi-magama, ad ohlekisayo, iincwadi, njl kungekudala yaseChekhov wabo balufunda kwaye waziva ukuba kufutshane kubo.

amabali Satirical and ezihlekisayo

Kwiminyaka 1882-1883 kwakukho amabali ezifana "Ukufa kwigosa," "nasebubini", "ntombi Albion." Nangona uninzi imisebenzi zaye zabhalwa ngokohlobo imizobo, oko kukuthi ibali elifutshane ahlekisayo, kwinqakwana leyo kukudlulisela iminxeba namaqhawe. Czechs yaphakamisa uhlobo kwinqanaba iincwadi ezinkulu. Phakathi iimpawu zobugcisa imiboniso yaseChekhov yile ilandelayo: igama elula, ubuncinane iinkcazelo kunye neenkcazelo ( "Burbot", "undwendwe", "Uncedo", "Xa bath"), besithi amagama (Actor Porcupine General Zapupyrin igosa Ochumelov inkosi Khriukin) kwaye funny uthethe iimpawu neesevisi zeelwimi.

Isandi esitsha imisebenzi yaseChekhov

Imisonto kamva imisebenzi ezisegumbini lokuqala amabali yaseChekhov sele: umbhali Ikuhleke engenangqondo le yokuziphatha kunye yokucinga yabantu, amabango abo ezingenanto. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le misebenzi tonality entsha. It egunyileyo imisebenzi uburharha nangoku, kodwa afumane ezinye shades ezintsha, isandi esitsha - a buhlungu, livusa. Oku kubonakala kwintshukumo sisigculelo uhlalutyo, kwaye abalinganiswa funny - a eziphikisanayo, esintsonkothileyo. Ngaba indawo imifanekiso zabalinganiswa isigqumathelo ngamnye. Xa amabali enxulumene nexesha kwiminyaka 1883-1886 ( "ubugcisa", "ingxokolo", "Tosca", "Huntsman"), sele ebonakalayo elizayo yaseChekhov.

Ukwenza ibali yaseChekhov kaThixo

Ukuqhubeka ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov. Isishwankathelo kuzo kwixesha ukususela 1884 ukuya 1888 elinokunikwa ngolu hlobo. Ngowe-1884, emva kokugqiba izifundo eyunivesithi, yaseChekhov usebenza Zvenigorod, Voskresensk. Naye othile ukuze iphephandaba Moscow, "iziqwenga". Kweli thuba ukususela 1884 ukuya 1888 wakha imisebenzi emininzi - ngaphezulu kwe-350. Ibali yaseChekhov ngayo ngeli xesha senziwe njengoko yoqobo kunye isenzeko esitsha iincwadi Russian. YaseChekhov kule uhlobo encinane akwazi ulungelelane umxholo omkhulu kwengqondo, ezentlalo kunye bulumko. Akumangalisi capacious le fomu.

Nokugqama kwetalente Anton yaseChekhov kwi uhlobo webali

Kwithuba nenani-1880-1890 uhlobo unobumba emiselwe lokugqibela (avareji, eziqhelekileyo, ngokufuthi abantu "omncinane"). Umfanekiso into uba ngemihla, ubomi bemihla ngemihla. Eli xesha ithathwa ukuba abenzi bemilingo ngayo italente yaseChekhov kaThixo. Ukwenza ingqokelela ezintsha. Ngowe-1886 - "Amabali motley" ngo-1887 - "intetho Innocent" kunye "Xa ngongcwalazi", ngo-1888 - "Amabali" ngo-1890 - ". Abantu udakumbile" Umbhali Pushkin Prize yanikezelwa incwadi ebizwa ngokuba "Xa ngorhatya". Xa ekwindla ka-1887 wabhala comedy "ivanov", emva koko - vaudeville "wobuyiselo", "Wedding", "isindululo" kunye "I Bear", ngubani zabekwa ezinkundleni zobungcali.

YaseChekhov ithunyelwa kwisiqithi Sakhalin

A uhambo oluya Sakhalin batshintsha ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov. Ngokufutshane chaza iziganeko eziphambili ixesha. Kweli siqithi, yaseChekhov waya ukusondela amabanjwa. Apha wenza iinyanga ezintathu ubalo yedwa, exoxa nabantu ezahlukeneyo. YaseChekhov, njengommi kunye artist, igqibe ukuba abonise abantu inyaniso ngqwabalala. Isiphumo uhambo - yapapashwa ngo-1894 ethi "The Isiqithi of Sakhalin".

Works ezibhaliweyo kule 90

Emva koko, lo izenzakalo ubunyani ekhaya, waza waphathwa ngakumbi ngqwabalala. Eyokuqala imisebenzi emikhulu esibhaliweyo emva kohambo waba ibali ebizwa ngokuba "ezimbini zokucwangcisa" (eyapapashwa ngowe-1891), kwakunye "Chamber №6" - ibali, eyapapashwa ngo-1892.

Czechs kule minyaka 90 ubhala malunga iimfeketho zokufeketha, ukukhohlisa, amatyala iinkqubo ubomi ezahlukeneyo ( "ulinde eRothschild kaThixo", "intethe," "Mfundisi of Literature"). Ngelo xesha, njengoko la mabali badalwa "Malunga Uthando", "Gooseberries," "Indoda Case", "Ionich".

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1892 umbhali kuhlala Melikhovo Estate kufuphi Moscow, inxaxheba kwimisebenzi wesisa zentlalo, uphatha amafama, izikolo sakhiwo, iziko lonyango. Itshintsha ubomi bakhe. YaseChekhov, ubomi, imisebenzi ezihambelanayo, ukudala ngokwesiseko amava isebenza "Xa Ravine", "New Villa", "enqwelweni", "Guys".

Wemidlalo Antona Pavlovicha chehova

Le yokuqala, eyaqala dramaturgy Chekhovian - nto "I Inqina." Kuye kwango yeqonga saseAleksandriya ngo-1896. Noko ke, ingcamango asiphumelelanga. Isizathu - ezininzi ezintsha yaseChekhov weli ungaqondwa. Emva kweminyaka 2 ekuveliseni le Moscow Art Theatre, babangela yezigcawu. Emva "I Inqina," wafika umdlalo "uMalume Vanya" (1899), naye waba yimpumelelo enkulu. Xa imisebenzi kamva ( "Odade abathathu" yaye "I-Cherry Orchard" - 1901 no 1903 iminyaka, ngokulandelelana) kuthwelwe sele nemigaqo yombhali ephawulekayo ngokupheleleyo.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ngowe-1897, yaseChekhov wanyanzeleka ukuba baye kwikliniki ye-TB, uze ukuchitha ubusika 1897-1898 ngo Nice. Xa ngokuthi woogqirha waphuma ngoSeptemba 1898 e Yalta, apho wachitha ubusika. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umbhali elungisa imisebenzi eziqokelelweyo, leyo, izintlelo ezimbini (th 1899-1902 kunye 1903 kaThixo.) Uvele ayisashicilelwa.

Ngowe-1901, umbhali utshate Olga Knipper Leonardovna weqonga.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, saxabana impilo yakhe, oogqirha zanyanzelisa ekuthumeleni eJamani e Badenweiler. Lo mbhali wahamba kunye nomfazi wakhe. 2 (15) ngoJulayi 1904 lusuku lokugqibela lobomi bakhe.

Kwaye ke umsebenzi yaseChekhov, kunye nemisebenzi yakhe noluntu, kunye izibakala ezahlukeneyo iibhayografi abonisa ukuba wayeyindoda ophezulu eziqulethwe ngokomoya kunye nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Ngenxa ezifana yena, ihlabathi lethu iba ngcono kancinci. YeziKronike ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov sele inikezelwe kweli nqaku. Siya kuba nemihlali xa sele ezenze ukuba ufuna ukuqhubeka aqhelane nale mbhali emangalisayo. Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi yaseChekhov, kwincwadi engobomi bakhe ethi kufunda lukhulu kakhulu yaye umdla. Kweli nqaku, ngelishwa, zonke iinkcukacha akunakwenzeka ukuba angaxeli.