Eminye imiba kwenkcazo 'umntu ekrelekrele "

Xa efuna impendulo yombuzo ngubani na ngumntu okrelekrele ongenayo kufuneka enze ngathi Basilius Lokhankin, uTshawe adumileyo inoveli, wadala ezakudala duet eSoviet. Xa inoveli, uthi akazange akazange wakhonza, ngokuba umsebenzi ebeya kwenza kube nzima kuye inkqubo yokucinga yintoni injongo yokwenene nezazi Russian. Le ezinawo oluntu ngobusuku "gourmet" - fan borscht kunye meatballs nabanye abantu - isicelo ngokwakhe.

Kutheth 'ukuthini ukuba yindoda okrelekrele? Wonke ixesha lophuhliso lwentlalo aliqulunqileyo inkcazelo yalo kolu luvo. sesayensi Outstanding Russian kunye ngumntu okrelekrele Likhachev nguDmitry Sergeyevich, kwileta yakhe, eyapapashwa ngo-1993 kwi "Yehlabathi Elitsha", wabhala ukuba yengqondo kufuneka inkululeko ngokwasengqondweni njenge iindidi esisiseko yokuziphatha, umda kuphela naluvalo lwabo kweengcinga zabantu.

Ukuba ujonga imbali, ngoko kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX, Ngomntu onengqondo - yinto raznochinets elula Wabufunda yaye wayefuna ukuba qwele abantu kuphela ubuchule babo ukuze lunxano kweyobunzululwazi, ulwazi. imvelaphi yalo kwakuthetha umzabalazo, zombini ukungalingani kwezentlalo kunye nangokodidi ekuhlaleni. Abameli nezazi ezo abakrelekrele kakhulu teen izithixo 1860 - Pisarev, Chernyshevsky kunye Dobrolyubov.

Ukongeza "raznochinskogo", ngelo xesha kwakukho ngumntu okrelekrele, udidi "yaseChekhov kaThixo", ababefuna kunokuba ukuba ukuvuselelwa yokuziphatha, ezopolitiko. Abameli beli qela udale imisebenzi yobugcisa, uhlwayela afanelekileyo nobubele, wavula izikolo kunye nezibhedlele esenzela amahlwempu, umlimi abantwana wafundisa. imbalelwano olothusayo lobuninzi olu hlobo ifumaneka umlinganiswa iqhawe imisebenzi edume Flaubert - astute uGqr Lariviere, wamcekisa seteksi kunye nokuphuhlisa nesisa nobubele ukuya izigulane amahlwempu. Oku kunye neminye imifanekiso ezinjalo zingqina uhlobo nobuhlanga kule hlobo yengqondo, noko ngokuxuba ekuthethwa bodwa Russian.

Phambi kokuba revolution, umbhali Leonidom Andreevym - umhlobo Maksima Gorkogo - yanikwa kwinkcazelo ngumntu okrelekrele ezinjalo, ngubani babengenakukuthwala ukuthotywa le "amandla ukuba abe" yaba ehlala isazela etsolo, kunye, enoba enxilile ke, kusekho i yenkcubeko kakuhle emihle.

Umntu onengqondo kunye iseti ngasentla kweempawu ukuba baphile ayizange lula. Kodwa emva kokuba isibhengezo ulawulo lweSoviet le ubuzwilakhe yesigaba kwakufuneka enze ukuze asinde. Xa inkcazelo, inkokeli eliphambili eSoviet Lunacharsky ukuba aqonde ngokwayo esihamba lokwenyaniso, kufuneka izidanga ezintathu eyunivesithi: lokuqala - utatomkhulu wakhe, wesibini - uyise, eyesithathu - lakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho kwintsapho amaxwebhu amathathu kwimfundo akusosiqinisekiso nantoni - hayi krelekrele, okanye ubukho inkcubeko lwangaphandle nangaphakathi. Wathi isigqibo yangoonomgogwana bezizwe ngenxa yesizathu, akuthandeki ukuba emva babulawelwa mbuso, amaza yokushiywa zocindezelo, unxibelelwano kunye Gulag in Soviet eRussia kwanabo usapho imfundo yasesikolweni. Kodwa kule ndawo ingenanto ku ixesha elifutshane, nezazi eSoviet ukuba umntu ongekho ishishini yabasebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni amisiweyo nje.

Kakade ke, mna ndahlala kwenye indawo kweli lizwe, abantu abafundileyo wokwenene cultured, singamkeli igunya nokubethelelwa kumphefumlo neemvakalelo sublime. AMAGQABAZA ▸ yakhe afunyanwa rhoqo kwi amaphepha imisebenzi Fedin, Tolstoy, Bulgakov, Zoshchenko, kunye nabanye, kodwa kwimeko Cad yokuwina aba bantu bokufa yokutshabalala.

Noko ke, kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini (in isiqingatha sayo sesibini) wabonisa izwe abameli okrelekrele lifanelwe kungenelwe bume ophikisana bezobugcisa noncwadi bohemian. Bonke bephela zigqithile indlela yeenguqu ngokomoya, ngokusekelwe inkululeko ngaphakathi kunye neesampuli best domestic uncwadi, umculo kunye nokupeyinta ixesha okuqokelelwe-revolution kunye Soviet.

Thaca kweli nqaku, inkcazelo, Kakade ke, abantu alupheli. Khangela, umfundi benelungelo, esebenzisa inkululeko yengqondo yayo walawulwa ingcamango kunye isazela.