Z Andreev: biography kunye nemisebenzi

amanqaku amaninzi malunga Z Andreev kuqalisa umyalezo ukuba umseki Russian Expressionism (isiseko sale akuyona ukumelwa bobukho ihlabathi engaphakathi umbhali, oko kubangela). Nangona kakhulu rhoqo kunye nale nkcazelo ababephila ngexesha lakhe art bathi indlela yakhe ngokoqobo ezibalulekileyo kunye zeniyo-ngokoqobo kunye ngokoqobo fantastic kunye nobugqi lokwenene.

Ukungabikho lilungu kwicala elithile

Z Andreev, leyo kwakuxhomekeke umsebenzi ezimfutshane ezininzi kangaka, maxa wambi wayengakwazi ukuchaza aliphi na ukuhamba ethile. Umbhali ileta eya Mxim Gorky wayebuza ukuba angaba ungubani na enyanisweni, njengoko ukuya kumgxobhozo yena a realist, kwaye njengokuba zinjalo - symbolist. Xa umsebenzi wakhe, umbhali zinetalente original wayefuna ukuphumeza ehlaziya, okanye ubuncinane ayicamagushele imiyalelo ezimbini ekuqondeni ihlabathi, ophilileyo kwaye rhoqo alwayo engqondweni yakhe - waseKorinte nebonakala.

Two kwenye

Kwabantu ngendlela ecacileyo. Kwaye yintoni decadence? translation ngqo kuthetha ukuncipha okanye nokushiywa yenkcubeko. Ubugcisa kunye noncwadi - kwicala modernist, nto leyo luphawulwa iintlobo kakhulu aestheticism, entsha exabisekileyo kunye amorality okanye okubi. Kwaye ezi zimo ezimbini macala kuphela babefuna nokulungelelanisa emsebenzini wakhe, Z Andreev. Konke oku kuyinxalenye brilliant italente yakhe yokuqala, yaye iprozi yakhe ngoko nangoko zingabonakali, nangona isipho yokubhala enhle phantsi umntu - nokuba phantsi Garshina, nokuba phantsi yaseChekhov kunye Dostoevsky, umsebenzi nto leyo banconywe. Kufuneka kongezwe ukuba kwiminyaka elivisayo uze lonke ixesha lobomi bakhe wayefunda Schopenhauer kunye Nietzsche, wandikhangela kubo njengabacebisi yabo yokomoya.

abazali

Z Andreev wazalwa kwintsapho ngokwanelisayo esisityebi. umkhulu ozala wayeyinkokeli yezikhulu, yaye uninakhulu - inqaba. Eli nqaku waya uyisemkhulu eyinzwana. A nenkxalabo ubulungisa kunye ecinga yokusela - kuyise, UMcandi, taxotere (mvandlakanyi), ababulawa butywala eneminyaka engama-42. A uthando yonke into umbhali nentle linyanzelekile ukuba unina - mmeli umkhaya ompofu Polish ezindilekileyo, uthando kuye ngentliziyo. Ngoko, kwisixeko Orel olusemthethweni bentsapho ka-Agasti 21, 1871 wazalwa elizayo, "nezazi Russian SPHINX", njengoko ibizwe bexesha lakhe.

artist engahlawulwayo

ABC wafunda kwi kweminyaka emi-6 yaye igcinwe ubomi bakhe umkhwa wokufunda voraciously. Isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo basekuhlaleni Orel wangena engama-11, wafunda nto, kodwa isebenza - sisananelo iingxaki zokusombulula - wabhala phantse yonke iklasi, kwaye bahlukile bonke isimbo. Kodwa malunga na ukubhala Z Andreev akazange acinge, kuba wayexakeke ngokupheleleyo umzobo. Waba opeyintayo professional ukususela Orel akukho sikolo zobugcisa, kodwa ukukwazi ukuzoba ngexesha elinye ezilungileyo ukondla usapho lwakhe - wahlawulwa engange 11 umfanekiso. Kwiminyaka emva kokufa zombhali umsebenzi wakhe waqalisa ukubonisa kwimiboniso jikelele, kunye yobuciko iinkosi ukupeyinta, bexesha lakhe.

Ukusuka St. Petersburg eMoscow

Ke Z Andreev biography apho kuya kubakho ixesha enxulumene kunye isixeko kwi Neva River kuya University Metropolitan kwi kwisebe nomthetho. Kodwa kungekudala wafa uyise, yaye intsapho ingena kwiimeko singaxineki ezinjalo, ngokufuthi ukuba azibulale kubo bonke. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwiimeko xa emagxeni akhe walala phantsi ukukhathazeka okunjalo, umbhali ikusasa nopolitiko ngokupheleleyo. Emva kokushiya kwesihloko, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela nokhozo eMoscow, apho Andreev kwexesha, ndimele ndithi, ngempumelelo kakhulu izidanga kwisebe imbalelwano kwiYunivesithi eMoscow, kunye nelungelo lokuba ukusebenza kwikhono lezomthetho. Okukhona wafundiswa iminyaka emihlanu.

Yokubonisana nangokweemvakalelo

Kuyimfuneko ukuba imisela ukuba le ndoda ithabathekisayo usisi kunye neempawu ethe waba abafazi sithandwa yaye wayebathanda nangokuzinikela - kodwa ndandingenakho nokulicingela ubomi ngaphandle kothando. Kwaye ngokungalindelekanga ukuba ukuzibulala: ubomi bakhe bonke uye wenza amalinge amathathu ukubaleka kubomi - ukuba ebutsheni bakhe ukuba kukunyaba kule minyaka 16 luhlala phakathi yimiqolo (fatalist), ngoko wadubula ngokwakhe entliziyweni intombi ukwala ukutshata naye. Enyanisweni, lo mzamo yesibini yaye yakhokelela ekwakhiweni sentliziyo kunye nokufa phambi kwexesha.

Eyaziwayo ibali lokuqala

Ukuqala inkonzo yakhe uncwadi umbhali Z Andreyev inxulumene ku-1898. Naso xa "Courier", apho kaloku ukubhala iintengiso elide, nezihloko, kunye namanye amanqaku, wapapasha ibali lakhe lokuqala, "Bargamot kunye Garas'ko" Loo. Kwi eqaqambileyo, italente original kukuba ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ibali lokuqala umbhali wabonwa ngabafundi, ukugxeka Mxim Gorky, ngubani nangoko wamcela emphakathini "Ulwazi" kwaye simazi lonke ihlabathi zombhali. On the L. N. Andreeve wathetha, yaye xa 1901 wapapasha ibali lakhe "Kudala-dala," waba waduma, omthandayo, wavuma.

Ukuthandwa Amazing

Z Andreev, ogama engobomi ngoku enxulumene nethunga kuphela imisebenzi yokubhala, waba umbhali kakhulu ethandwayo. Kwakukho ixesha xa eshiya ngasemva ukuthandwa Veresaeva kuphela Bunin, kodwa Gorky, kunye neentlawulo waba ligeza. Ngokutsho umzukulwana wakhe, yena yahlawulwa engange-5 ngegolide kumgca ngamnye (umgca nge umgca eRashiya, isizathu kuphela yokumhlawula). Kwizibiyeli kubikwa ukuba inkukhu ngoko kuxabisa 14 eesenti. Z Andreyev ulwimi omangalisayo zoncwadi, amabali ezingaqhelekanga, iprozi yakhe ithumba. imisebenzi engama of "uYudas Skariyoti", "ingcamango", "Ubomi Vasiliya Fiveyskogo", ibali "Lowo 'ukuba ababephila kuthiwa wobugcisa ka-Russian Gothic - ngamnye umsebenzi wakhe ukuba akhangele phambili kuyo, sifunde, ngazo kuyo yonke indawo.

Engumlawuli anti-Soviet

Leonida Andreeva ubuqambi phantse angaziwa sizukulwana. Umfundi eSoviet babengazi nto kuyo kude 60s, kwaye ityala «SOS» - isibheno iinkokeli Western ukugcina eRashiya ukusuka iiBolsheviks. Oku akuyi kuxolelwa. Mhlawumbi kwixesha elizayo eziza kutshintsha, kuba abanye kumabali lo mbhali zifakiwe kwikharityhulam yesikolo. Bright, ilenze isakhiwo sebali engalindelekanga, ebhalwe kakuhle ngolwimi olucacileyo imveliso imveliso yalo mbhali qwa encotsheni iSilver Age of iincwadi Russian. Ngamnye umntwana wakhe ukuze ngokupheleleyo ukuba kunzima igama abathile kubo kwincopho yoyilo. Mhlawumbi abo babeza kuba inoveli "Diary of uSathana", nokuba ludlule. Ezingonwabanga uSathana Andreev, ozibiyele ngeenxa umnwe abantu abaye baba ngcono ulukhuni nto ifanelwe novelwano abafundi nokuvelwa ngokunyanisekileyo. Noko ke, "The Mirror of the Russian Revolution" kwaphinda malunga Z Andreev bembiza, kodwa abantu abayithandayo umbhali oku abawathobanga.

uhlobo yokushiywa

Ngokungafaniyo nabani na umsebenzi wakhe, LN Andreev ebomini akwanelanga ukuba umntu ofana. Zihlanjiwe kuyo yonke indawo. Umfazi wakhe wokuqala yaba nomtshana Taras Shevchenko vnuchatnaya - Veligorodskaya Alexander, abafa ngenxa Kukudandatheka fever. Umfazi wesibini UAnna Ilinichna Denisevich, nto leyo unobhala wakhe wokuqala yaye kuphela zoncwadi. Emva batshata yonke enkulu safudukela kwikhaya labo, bathenga kwilali Finnish Vammelsu. iminyaka 1916-1917 Andreev eyayibanjelwe eSt Petersburg, kodwa Oktobha Revolution wasilela ukuthatha kabukhali kunokwenzeka. Wabuyela eFinland, leyo kungekudala alishiye eRashiya. Umbhali amabali olunje njenge "I asixhenxe ababexhonyiwe" yaye "nokuhleka Red", njengoko iikulya Repin e noPenates bakhe, baba bamazwe angaphandle.

ekhaya Bound

Z Andreyev, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elikwalifutshane okunene elifutshane kakhulu, ezifana, enyanisweni, ebomini ... Umbhali wafa eneminyaka engama-48 ukusuka nesifo sentliziyo. Akazange afe ekhaya, yaye lomhlobo F. N. Falkovskogo. Ukufa yenzekile September 12, 1919. Yena wangcwatyelwa Marioka. Noko ke, ngo-1956 yavelisa kungcwatywa kwemizimba kwi "Literatorskie isehla" - indawo kwi i the kumangcwaba eLeningrad. Inzala umbhali abahlala e Paris, eMelika, kwaye abanye - e Moscow, ukuba babuyele ngubani na ukulungele ukunceda Kliment Voroshilov.