Uhlobo iingxaki bulumko. Okukodwa kunye nesakhiwo nolwazi bulumko

Philosophy ufuna ukutyhila kakuhle izinto kwimo yazo yoqobo ngaphandle ngethunzi imfihlelo. Inceda umntu ukuze ufumane iimpendulo zale mibuzo zibaluleke kakhulu kuye. Uhlobo iingxaki bulumko iqala uphendlo intsingiselo ngemvelaphi yobomi. Ngokwembali, iintlobo zokuqala ideology kwiintsomi nonqulo. Ifom eliphezulu kwimbono kwehlabathi bulumko ubabalo. umsebenzi ngokomoya ekucaciseni uhlahlelo imiba kanaphakade, inceda umntu ukufumana indawo yabo ehlabathini, ethetha ngokufa noThixo, malunga iintshukumisa izenzo kunye neengcamango.

Isifundo bulumko

Lwesigama ichaza intanda ngokuthi "uthando nobulumko". Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba nabani na unokuba sobulumko. Yimeko ibalulekileyo kukwazi ezifuna inqanaba eliphezulu ophuhliso lwengqondo. abantu abaqhelekileyo babe zobulumko kuphela kwinqanaba lisezantsi ubukho babo bemihla ngemihla. UPlato wayekholelwa ukuba likhoyo awukwazi abe njengomntwana onengqondo, oko kukuthi nizalwe kuphela. Lo mbandela ifilosofi ulwazi ngobukho zehlabathi nokuqonda oko ngenxa ekufumaneni ulwazi olutsha. Eyona njongo iphambili yale ukuqonda yehlabathi enze. Okukodwa kunye nesakhiwo bulumko nolwazi imisela mathuba ezibalulekileyo ezendeleyo ekufundiseni:

• iingxaki Obungunaphakade-bulumko. Ithatyathwa ekwahluleni lwendawo lulonke. Ukuqhela izinto kunye nehlabathi ezifanelekileyo.
• nombono Analysis. Imibuzo malunga ithuba theoretical lokwazi ihlabathi. Ukukhangelwa static ulwazi lokwenyaniso kweli hlabathi iyatshintsha.
• Uphononongo imibuzo ubukho kuluntu. ifilosofi Social kwi icandelo elahlukileyo iimfundiso bulumko. Iinzame ukufumana indawo umntu kwinqanaba lokuqonda yehlabathi.
• Imisebenzi umoya okanye abantu? Ngubani olawula ihlabathi? Lo mbandela ifilosofi ekufundweni ulwazi ebalulekileyo luncedo uphuhliso ingqondo yoluntu kunye nolwazi ubomi emhlabeni.

umsebenzi wefilosofi

Okukodwa kunye nesakhiwo nolwazi bulumko iyakwazi ukuvuleka ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle ecacisa iimfundiso imisebenzi. Zonke Izicatshulwa zihlobene kwaye ayisekho ngokwahlukileyo:

• Inqubo. Oku kubandakanya amalinge ukuchaza ihlabathi ngolwazi abstract theoretical component. Inika ithuba lokuza ingqiqo ka "inyaniso njongo."
• Methodological. Ifilosofi isebenzisa ezininzi iindlela ezahlukeneyo isifundo ngokupheleleyo umbuzo wokuba.
• Osho. Ugxininiso oluphambili iwela ezikhoyo ulwazi lwenzululwazi. Amagama ukhokelwa hypothesis yokuqhubeka yehlabathi yaye icebisa uphuhliso ngakumbi phakathi bume.
• Historical. School of senkolelo yokucinga, usisilumko iimfundiso store Dynamics ukuyilwa okuqhubekayo iingcamango ezintsha iinkcuba phambili.
• Ebalulekileyo. Isebenzisa umgaqo osisiseko konke okukhona malunga nokuzibonakalisa mbuzo. Kuye ixabiso elihle kuphuhliso yezembali, njengoko inceda ngexesha ukubona iziphoso engachananga.
• Axiological. Lo msebenzi kugqiba ubukho behlabathi lonke ngokwemiqathango iseti lwamaxabiso ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo (kweyabo kwezentlalo, ukuziphatha, kunye nabanye). Ukubonakalisa zicacileyo umsebenzi axiological ufumana ngexesha yokunqaphela zembali, ubunzima okanye imfazwe. kwimizuzu Transition ukuvumela ukuba ngokucacileyo ukuchaza neenqobo ezibaluleke kakhulu yabo zikhona. Nature uhlola iingxaki zeentanda-bulumko ulondolozo Inqununu isiseko kuphuhliso olungaphezulu.
• Social. Olu phawu yenzelwe yokuhlanganisa amalungu oluntu njengako iimpawu ezithile ngokwamaqela kunye nomnye. Uphuhliso neenjongo ezidityanelweyo inceda kuzisa siseko bulumko zehlabathi zifezeke. iingcinga Ekunene uyakwazi ukutshintsha indlela yembali kuyo naliphi icala.

iingxaki ifilosofi

Naluphi na uhlobo yehlabathi ubona kuqala kwihlabathi into. Oku kusekelwe isifundo karhulumente kwesakhiwo, imvelaphi elilinganiselweyo. Intanda enye ngowokuqala ukuba nomdla kwimiba nje equlunqwe ngumntu. Okunye inzululwazi awuzange ayisekho nkqu ingqiqo theoretical component. Naluphi na umfuziselo kwehlabathi kufuna naziphi elikuwo ukuba iinkcuba okuqala zisekelwe kumava kunye kugcinwa zendalo. umbono yentanda womntu kunye nendalo co-ubukho kunceda ukuqonda intsingiselo jikelele iphela kwicala lophuhliso. Nokuba inzululwazi ukunika iimpendulo sengqondo yentanda enjalo. Indlela emi ngayo iingxaki ingaphelelwayo lwanamhlanje ngokuthi ezifanelekileyo njengoko kwiminyaka engamawaka amathathu eyadlulayo.

Ubume kolwazi bulumko

Uphuhliso oluqhubela phambili bulumko ekugqibeleni nzima isakhiwo ulwazi. Ngokuthe ngcembe kwakukho iisection ezintsha baba iintsingiselo ezizimeleyo kunye nenkqubo yayo. Ukususela ekusekweni iimfundiso zeentanda-bulumko kule minyaka 2500 edlulileyo, iingongoma ngokunjalo kubume, zininzi. ideology Entsha namhlanje. Uhlobo iingxaki bulumko kunye umbuzo esisiseko bulumko ugxininisa zihloko zilandelayo:

• Ontology. Ukufunda imigaqo inkqubo yehlabathi ukususela ekuqaleni kwalo.
• Obunzulu. Uhlola le ngcamango ulwazi ingakumbi iingxaki bulumko.
• Ukufundwa. Ukufunda indoda leyo umntu phezu komhlaba kunye nelungu yeHlabathi.
• Ethics. Ichaphazela olunzulu sifundo yokuziphatha.
• Sobuhle. Isebenzisa yokucinga yokuluka njengendlela yotshintsho kunye nophuhliso yehlabathi.
• Axiology. Uhlola ngokweenkcukacha orientation ixabiso.
• Logic. Imfundiso yenkqubo bacinga njengento injini inkqubela.
• ifilosofi Social. Uphuhliso yezembali uluntu njengeyunithi noshowo kunye nemithetho yayo kunye neentlobo esweni.

ndokufunela phi iimpendulo zemibuzo eqhelekileyo?

Uhlobo iingxaki bulumko efuna iimpendulo kwimibuzo eqhelekileyo. Le mbono kakhulu epheleleyo Ngokubhekisele ku "ontology", nto leyo izama ukufumana inkcazo iindidi ezibalulekileyo yokufunda - ingcamango "ukuba". Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, isetyenziswa kunqabile kakhulu, amaxesha amaninzi indawo elithi "ubukho" njengesiqhelo. Uhlobo iingxaki bulumko ilele ekumiseleni ukuba ihlabathi sikhona, akukho yemvelo uhlanga lwabantu bonke ubomi. Kwakhona, eli hlabathi a sizinzile kwaye isakhiwo yaqhubeka, ngendlela enocwangco yobomi, imigaqo esekwe kakuhle.

Imibuzo engunaphakade wobomi

Ngenxa yolwazi bulumko liphuhlise amanqaku umbuzo olandelayo:

1. Ihlabathi ebesoloko ekho?
2. Yena ayiphele ndawo?
3. Iplanethi iya kuhlala khona, kungabikho nto iya kwenzeka kuye?
4. Ngenxa amandla apho kwaye kukho abantu abatsha kweli hlabathi?
5. Kukho imihlaba emininzi, okanye na kuphela?

theory ulwazi

Yintoni icandelo lihlola bulumko ulwazi? Kukho uqeqesho eyodwa linoxanduva ulwazi yindoda yoxolo, - obunzulu. Ngenxa mbono, umntu ngabanini ukuvavanya ihlabathi kwaye ukuba izame ekufumaneni naye kwisakhiwo kwihlabathi yokuba. Uhlola ulwazi ekhoyo ngokungqinelana kunye namanye iingqiqo theoretical component. Ekubeni bafunda ezinye icandelo intanda uphonononga imibuzo yolwazi, kunokwenzeka ukuba izigqibo: Izifundo obunzulu umlinganiselo intshukumo yokungazi ngokupheleleyo nolwazi buso. Leyo yeyona ngxaki kweli candelo iimfundiso kudlala indima ephambili bulumko ngokubanzi.

iindlela ifilosofi

Njengezinye zenzululwazi, intanda uthatha imvelaphi imisebenzi eluncedo eluntwini. indlela yentanda - inkqubo iindlela zophuhliso kunye nokuqonda of engokoqobo:

1. Eziphathekayo kunye yimibono. iingcamango ezimbini ziphikisana. Izinto eziphathekayo ukholelwa ukuba bonke yavela into ethile, yimibono - yonke into ngumoya.
2. Dialectics kunye ezikhona. Dialectics ichaza imigaqo, iipatheni iimpawu nolwazi. Ezikhona iqwalasela imeko ngesandla esinye kuphela.
3. Ezishiya. Kuba ngenxa yolwazi evela iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo. Kwaye njengoko indima ngokupheleleyo kule nkqubo.
4. Rationalism. Ukuqwalasela ingqondo njengesixhobo ukuphonononga izinto ezintsha.
5. Irrationalism. inyathelo Methodological ephika ngenxa yemeko kwinkqubo yokufunda.

Philosophy kuzisa ndawonye bonke ubuchule kunye nezilumko, imibono yabo. Lusetyenziswa indlela jikelele, nto leyo eza kunceda ukuqonda ihlabathi.

Ingakumbi ulwazi bulumko

Uhlobo iingxaki bulumko linentsingiselo ezimbini. ulwazi lweempawu babe eziliqela iimpawu ezikhethekileyo:

• Ifilosofi eninzi yokwenza ulwazi lwenzululwazi, kodwa akukho zenzululwazi uhlobo ecocekileyo. Isebenzisa iziqhamo izazinzulu ukuze baphumeze iinjongo zabo - ekuqondeni ihlabathi.
• Awukwazi umnxeba bulumko yokufundisa pfunaka. Ulwazi zisekelwe kulwazi jikelele yeengcingane, musa imida ecacileyo.
• Ihlanganise zonke inzululwazi, ukhangela imiba ebalulekileyo ukuze kufikelelwe isiphumo ezinqwenelekayo.
• Ngokusekelwe nezimaphambili ezingundoqo ka likumgangatho ezifunyenwe baziqwebele amava oluntu ubomi.
• Philosophy ayikwazi kuvavanywa njongo ngokupheleleyo, njengokuba theory ngamnye omtsha obizwa yamanyala kweengcinga ethile bulumko kunye neempawu zakhe zobuqu ukuba wadala lo mkhuba eceleni. Kwakhona imisebenzi lubonakala zo yeqonga zembali, apho ukwakheka le ngcamango. Unga ukulandelela inkqubela yobudala ngokusebenzisa iimfundiso zobulumko.
• Ulwazi bangenza nje yobugcisa, enobuchwepheshe okanye zonqulo.
• ideology nganye kulandelayo isiqinisekiso neemfundiso iinkcuba zangaphambili.
• Ifilosofi pholisa kunye engunaphakade indalo.

Ukuqonda le ngxaki yokuba nje

YeGenesis konke okusehlabathini. Ubukho ubomi emiselwe umbuzo othi: "Kuyinto?" Non-ubukho ukho, kungenjalo ihlabathi liphela wema ngxi ashukunyiswe naphakade. Yonke into iphuma ndawo kwaye aye ezifanayo, ezisekelwe kuqikelelo-bulumko. Uhlobo iingxaki bulumko uchaza umongo wokuba. Ihlabathi litshintsha yaye elibaleka, ngoko singenako ukuyiphika ubukho ingcamango ethile apho yonke into ivela yaye apho yonke into shwaka.