Amazwi uPlato, ekufuneka kuva ngalinye

"Ithemba - ukuvuka amaphupha ..." Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, uPlato - sobulumko yokuqala ogama esekhona ixesha lethu imisebenzi, hayi nje kuphela kweli ndinyana ezicatshuliweyo, kodwa ngokupheleleyo. UPlato, ogama ngxelo wayezele bubulumko nayingqondo, kungekhona nto yaba umfundi kaSocrates.

biography

Umhla wokuzalwa yamandulo bulumko yamaGrike nzima, kodwa abaphandi bayavuma kwixesha leminyaka 428-427 BC. e., kanye phakathi kwe Peloponnesian War. Kukholelwa ukuba amagqabaza Plato ecatshulwe ihlabathi liphela, akazange azalwe ngesandi esiphantsi imini eziqhelekileyo, kwaye umhla wokuzalwa yothixo Apollo (njengoko kwiintsomi). UPlato wazalwa kwintsapho yeengcungcu, ogama iingcambu sibuyele emva ookumkani zaseAttica. Abanye abaphandi Antiquity Philosophy emva wabhala ukuba le nkwenkwe esesesizalweni.

utitshala wakhe wokuqala Cratylus, kodwa kungekudala kwenzeka iyazazi uSocrates, owaba figure ophambili bulumko kaPlato. USocrates ifumaneka phantse yonke imisebenzi umbhali, abhaliweyo kule eliyincoko phakathi kwabantu bokwenyani okanye aqwetyiweyo. Xa utitshala wakhe wafa, sobulumko bahamba uhambo. EsasiseSisili, wazama ukuba ukudala imeko efanelekileyo, ilawulwa ngamadoda olumkileyo yedwa, kodwa umzamo aluphumelelanga. Kungekudala, uPlato wabuyela eAthene nisekelwe kwisikolo - the Academy. Ngokutsho ngokwesithethe, lo nzulu ngezinto wafa ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa, baza bamngcwabela Academy. Waza ke wangcwatywa phantsi kwegama Aristokl ( "Uzuko best"), okuthiwa igama lakhe ngokwenene.

imisebenzi

Yintoni uPlato wabhala? I-sobulumko yamandulo yamaGrike wabhala inani imisebenzi ziye zadityaniswa "umzimba kaPlato". Collection iqulethe zonke iirekhodi ezihlobene ne igama zobulumko ukususela mandulo. UPlato ngokwakhe ibandakanyeka odolwa eyodwa imisebenzi yakhe, kuba akazange Aristophanes of Byzantium kunye Thrasyllus. imibhalo Contemporary le sobulumko yamandulo yamaGrike, ukuba aguqulelwe abafundi Henri Etennom - philologist French .Saye kwinkulungwane XVI.

ontology

UPlato, ogama ngxelo kusebenza kuzo ezahlukahlukeneyo iinkalo zobomi, Waba ngunozala kunye lweli ulwalathiso akunjalo. Kuthetha ukuthini? Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu unako khona ngokwenene kuphela iingcamango (Eidos). Abaphandi bagqiba ukuba, phantsi nezimvo bulumko ithetha nje ingqiqo, kodwa injongo yayo kunye nesizathu yobukho. Yena ugxeka imfundiso yobubini yezinto zonke, esithi ukuba yonke into amaqhina oqhagamshelwano ehlabathini.

Byi ingqalelo omkhulu Plato ingcamango okulungileyo, nto leyo mnandi okanye luncedo, kwaye kukho intsikelelo ngenene. Le ngcamango, ufanisa Sun, nto leyo emihle kakhulu knowable.

amazwi zikaPlato ngesimo

Ingcamango urhulumente esekelwe kwi "iintsika" eziphambili ezintathu: abalawuli-zobulumko, amajoni kunye nabasebenzi. Ingcamango ephambili kukuba urhulumente kufanele zizinze. Oku kunokuzuzwa kuphela xa abantu ilawulwa lwebhodi zobulumko olumkileyo, intsimi uburhulumente bakhuselwe kuhlaselo kunokwenzeka umkhosi eyomeleleyo, yaye lisebenza kuyo bonke abantu abaqhelekileyo. Osahluleyo umsebenzi, ngokutsho uPlato, yeyona ubengo kwaye zichanekile. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ingcamango ufanelwe kakhulu ukuba ingqalelo ngexesha layo, kodwa sobulumko ukholelwa ukuba uyolo umntu mxholweni kulonwabo lonke polis. Kwaye nangona oku, ubhala athi: "Ukuzigcina uyolo yabanye, sifumana bethu," yaye "abakhonzi Bangaphi, iintshaba ezininzi kangaka."

Yintoni enye eyaziwa uPlato? I-sobulumko yamandulo yamaGrike, iphuhlise imodeli kwenkqubo efanelekileyo:

• Class 4, apho zahlulwe kwipropati;
• kwenkqubo yolawulo elukhuni;
• imali igunya, impahla yakhe kunye nokudalwa iintsapho nabantu abasuka kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo zentlalo;
• ulawulo olungqongqo ngurhulumente kuwo onke amacandelo oluntu.

amazwi zikaPlato ngokuphathelele ubomi

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, intsingiselo yobomi bomntu kufuneka zibanjwe e Poznan. Ngelo xesha ke kufuneka eziphathekayo kwaye aluncedo, nomsindo ngakumbi, ekhoyo ngenxa ngokwayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukuphila ubomi - oko ke kuhle kakhulu.

Sazi ukholelwa ukuba ukuphila kwabantu isuke ngemigaqo ezintathu: ingqondo, ndinobushushu, kunokutshiseka. Ingqondo luzobe ulwazi kunye nomsebenzi abazi. ekuqaleni bobundlobongela kubangela ukuba soyise nobunzima kuzuzwe adingekayo. Abeva i yingozi kakhulu emphefumlweni, siwubona iinkanuko ezingenasiphelo: "Uphuhliso ukubagcina ixhomekeke funny, kodwa umnt imidlalo."

Ukunikela ingqalelo elikhulu kubomi basenyameni, sobulumko nayo ibonisa umphefumlo. Ukhokela 4 Kwempikiswano obuxhasa umphefumlo womntu awufi. Ukholelwa ukuba emva kokufa iyaqhubeka ukuba ingakhona njengomlinganiso eyahlukileyo umphefumlo wethu.

malunga umntu

UPlato amazwi odumileyo umntu rhoqo ukuyiphatha umphefumlo - obungunaphakade eliyimbumba. Yaba yena kunqwenelwa ulwazi "ifuna 'ukusuka kuloo ndoda:". Man - biped zingenamaphiko ngezikhonkwane osicaba, ezo singangena ngokolwazi " Sobulumko ekuqonda dualistic umphefumlo womntu, kukho imigaqo ephikisanayo. "Winner" ngelo xesha nye kugqiba ngokuthanda komntu. Eyona ifanelwe edelekileyo umntu obanjiweyo phezulu ze.

Ukushwankathela eli nqaku, ndifuna ukuthi abaninzi iingxelo zikaPlato lwayamene namhlanje. Umzekelo, ukuba: "A isiqalo olungileyo - sele isiqingatha idabi."

Eneneni, maxa wambi umntu kufuneka uthethe ilizwi lakho elingaphakathi, ukuba rant malunga ubomi isalfure, buthuntu esithukuthezi. UPlato amazwi kunceda ukujonga izinto ezininzi eyahlukileyo, wayekholelwa kwinto yokuba iza kuqinisekisa ikamva lomntu.