Ezibonakalayo yemvelaphi ye Feuerbach kwi undoqo indoda inkolo

Lyudvig Feyerbah wazalelwa igqwetha entsapho. Ngoxa ukufunda kwicandelo zenkolo kwiYunivesithi yase Heidelberg, weza phantsi kwempembelelo Hegel kunye ababhaliswe kwi-University of Berlin Faculty of Philosophy. Kodwa isiphelo sakhe kangangokuba uye wabona eninzi unxunguphalo --bulumko Hegel kaThixo, yaye ubomi "ephucukile". De yokufa kwakhe, wahlala kuloo lali. Wabhala khona imisebenzi yakhe ezinkulu - 'amadlala Philosophy Hegel kaThixo "," Ute ubuKristu "," Iziseko Ifilosofi Ikamva "- sakha iziseko a bulumko entsha, esibonakala nje izinto eziphathekayo yemvelaphi.

Yinxalenye yale bulumko na amadlala yimibono. Feuerbach ubiza i classical German bulumko idealist, ngenxa yokuba uzama ukuzisa ihlabathi ngaphandle yokucinga. Oku kukhokelela kwimeko yokonganyelwa kwalo imfundiso, ezazisa iimbono zonqulo kwi ngendlela bulumko, ukuba uhlobo "unqulo ephucukileyo." Ngamafutshane, ukuba iimbono zonqulo eqhelekileyo kulawula Theism - inkolelo kuThixo,-bulumko waseJamani - Moya awungomntu intelligence knowable. ezibonakalayo yemvelaphi ye Feuerbach uyakugatya ngengqiqo Hegel yakhe, njengokuba uhlobo mpikiswano apho inyaniso ilahlekileyo. -Bulumko entsha likoyise kwintanda-bulumko Hegel, xa ne zenzululwazi zendalo ukuze siqonde lenene, kunokuba ecingelwayo amathuba womntu. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka kuphakanyiswe umbuzo undoqo yomntu, ngokuba ukumanyana yokuba nokucinga kwenza kuphela ingqondo umntu, kuba umntu umanyano ungumoya yaye corporeal, kwaye umongo wayo - kule amava, xa ubuhule.

ifilosofi yabantu nkqubo Feuerbach yeyona yesayensi. Zonke iimfundiso zakhe ezele anthropologism. Uhlobo for Feuerbach into efanayo. Kuyinto obungunaphakade kwaye zahlukene, engaphele ndawo, enokususwa, kumiselwa isithuba kunye nexesha. Le yinyani kuphela - akunto. Man, njengoko ligqibe uhlobo - akunto ngaphantsi kwe yabantu, ngaphezu kwayo. "Le Eyokuqiqa endalo kunye nomntu iqulethe zonke iimfihlelo bulumko" - sobulumko utsho. Iintlobo ngeentlobo iimvakalelo zabantu ibonisa iyantlukwano wendalo. Ulwazi Bulelani kunokwenzeka ukuba ubuhule.

Iimvakalelo musa inokusikhohlisa, kwaye kokuzenzisa - bona ezaneleyo ukuze ukwazi yonke into. Mvakalelo jikelele - bacinge kwaye wacinga - iimvakalelo. ezibonakalayo yemvelaphi ye Feuerbach ibeka phambili ingcamango yokuba ukucinga lusekelwe ubuhule kwaye zongeza kuyo: ". Iimvakalelo sifunda incwadi yemvelo, kodwa siyayiqonda indlela yakhe" Ngoko ke, lo yokucinga kuyimfuneko kuphela ukukhangela intsingiselo efihlakeleyo yezinto. Nakuba kunjalo, isicelo eluncedo, ngokwemigaqo bulumko, le ndlela yokucinga ayikho, kwaye akufunekanga ibe - umkhwa inimical kuzo zombini bulumko kunye neemvakalelo, ungcolile kunye imali.

Mu kuya kwa nshita bulumko mihla kubukho bukaThixo, izinto eziphathekayo yemvelaphi ye Feuerbach ingqalelo na unqulo bebabaza vapid - oko wesuka engenaloyiko kunye nobunzima umntu abangekaphuhli, kwakunye ukusukela umnqweno semvelo abantu befezekile. "UThixo, - iqukumbela Feuerbach - yiloo nto abantu bafuna ukuba." Ngoko ke, eli unqulo - entliziyweni yomntu. Uphuhliso inkolo ohambelana inqanaba lophuhliso zembali. Xa indoda wayexhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwindalo, inkolo yaba zendalo, kwaye xa umntu sele idale nabangakwazi wamfaka ecaleni ngokwakhe, bokukhonza abstract - unqulo yaba ngokomoya. Oku kungqinwa imibono zonqulo, ezifana noBathathu Emnye, nto leyo eneneni luphawu usapho.

ezibonakalayo yemvelaphi ye Feuerbach kuzisa lusisiseko sobuKristu ngokubanzi kunye inkolo yothando. Ingxaki unqulo ngumnqweno alinakuzuzwa - oku kuthetha ukuba xa ezifanelekileyo liphunyezwa, unqulo izakulahleka (ngenxa yokuba umntu akunagunya ngokuhlonela, ngalisayo sobulumko). Umntu iqhutywa ziinkanuko bakhe, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ukuzingca, yaye ngoko ke inkululeko umntu - kukudala imeko kuye, xa unako ukwenza into ayifunayo. Eziqhuba yokuziphatha kukho egoism obengo, apho kuboniswa kakhulu ngokupheleleyo uthando, kuba esimele ubudlelwane phakathi kwe "Mna" kunye "kuwe." Ngoko ke, inkolo ngokomoya kuyimfuneko, ngokutsho sobulumko, endaweni ukunqulwa umntu zendalo kunye nothando. Eshwankathela kwamathambo ka Feuerbach, kanye Engels wathi ukuba "ufuna kuphosa bonke abantu ngeengalo zomnye, nokuba isini kunye nobudala."