Yintoni yokuziphatha? Ingcamango lokuziphatha

Kubonakala ukuba umntu ngamnye iphiramidi yabo lwamaxabiso wadala ubomi. Enyanisweni, yalala engqondweni zingqondweni njengomntwana. Ulwazi efunyenwe umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka emi-6, uya khona ngqo. Oku kukwasebenza ethical yokuziphatha ukuba abantwana babukela izenzo abazali nokumamela ezingxoxweni zabo.

Ethics - ingqiqo mandulo kakhulu, ejoliswe isifundo ukuziphatha kwabantu kunye semthethweni babo, iimpawu yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko zabo.

Inzululwazi okulungileyo nokubi

Ulwimi abaqeshwe yi-Aristotle ngelizwi ethika kamva waba inzululwazi, uphando kunye nophuhliso enikelwe thina ukuba zobulumko ezininzi zehlabathi. Ukuba sobulumko yamandulo unomdla wokwazi ukuphendula umbuzo amanga sisiseko sokuziphatha kwabantu, isizukulwana esizayo izilumko ezinomdla ingqikelelo yokuziphatha ngesimilo kwi iphiramidi imilinganiselo yabantu.

Njengoko isayensi ngayo izifundo:

• indawo kobudlelane zoluntu ithatha zokuziphatha;
• udidi akhona;
• le ngxaki inkulu.

Ingqiqo kunye umbandela yokuziphatha zinxulumene ukuya kula macandelo alandelayo:

• ezilawulayo parameters, apho bafunda becala izenzo zabantu kunye nezikhundla zeendidi ezifana okulungileyo nokubi;
• meta-zokuziphatha sele ukuphanda iintlobo yayo;
• Ezobunzululwazi ukuba ufunda isicwangciso imeko ethile kunye nesikhundla yokuziphatha.

ukuziphatha Modern - ingqiqo ebanzi babenjalo zobulumko bayo bamandulo. Namhlanje, oko kunceda nje ukuba zivandlakanye ngokutsha nawuphi na inyathelo ukulungisa imeko, kodwa akuvuka ezingqondweni kuqikelelwa ebantwini.

Yokuziphatha kumaxesha amandulo

Le zo lidala akazange uzibeke uqeqesho yenzululwazi elahlukileyo, kwaye ibekwe njengesebe-bulumko kunye nomthetho.

Uninzi yonke ngaloo mihla ngathi moralizing aphorisms ukuba igalelo zivuse basenzi nolungileyo umlinganiswa imikhwa yazo. Ukuba Aristotle ngubani njengendlela yokuziqeqesha eyahlukileyo, uyibeka phakathi bengqondo kunye nezopolitiko.

Iphepha, enomxholo othi "Evdemova yokuziphatha 'Aristotle ukhankanya imibuzo ngokuphathelele abantu ntsako noonobangela balo. Deep wayecinga ukuba izazinzulu ziye swi yokuba, eneneni, umntu kufuneka abe nenjongo elityebileyo namandla ukuliphumeza. Njengoko ingqalelo ubomi, abangaswele kuthobela mntu ukukwenza - yinto ubudenge obukhulu.

Kuba Aristotle ingqiqo kunye nesiqulatho yokuziphatha liye laba isiseko sokumiswa ezingqondweni ababephila ngexesha lakhe norms ezifana iimpawu zabantu. zobulumko zamandulo sibaphatha ubulungisa, ukuziphatha, yokuziphatha, kunye nabanye.

Kwanangaphambi Greek ilizwi ethika, nto leyo eza kuthetha isayensi ufunda isimilo kunye semthethweni izenzo zabantu ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo abantu abanomdla imibuzo ezilungileyo ububi kunye nentsingiselo yobomi. Bathi kubalulekile namhlanje.

Ingcamango yokuziphatha

Isibaluli yokuziphatha omntu na ubuchule bokwahlula phakathi ukhetho okulungileyo nokubi kunye wokungabheneli, ukuthanda ummelwane, ukulandela imithetho yokomoya ukulunga.

Maxa wambi umba 'izimiso "," ukuziphatha "," ukuziphatha "kugqalwa kuyahambisana, ukukhomba enye ngokufanayo. Oku akunjalo. Enyanisweni, izimilo kunye zokuziphatha - kudidi ukuba indlela yokuziphatha nje izifundo zenzululwazi. iinyaniso, ziphawulwe ngabantu kumaxesha amandulo, zifuna ukuba umntu aphile yimithetho nembeko, isazela, ubulungisa, uthando nobubele. Isifundo, kunye nokugcina lwemithetho yokuziphatha ngaxesha ibandla elilandelayo, efundisa abathembekileyo imithetho-10. Namhlanje, aba babe nomdla kakhulu entsatsheni kunye nesikolo, apho ulawulwa wafundisa.

Man, sifakwa kwi practice kwaye ikhuthaza imithetho lokomoya onke amaxesha ekuthiwa amalungisa. Ingcamango kweenqobo yokuziphatha - siyafana kudidi izenzo ezilungileyo nothando eyenza umntu.

Amabali aziwa imizekelo ukutshatyalaliswa kwezi emphaya ezinamandla, kwathatha emva imilinganiselo yokomoya yabantu babo. Owona mzekelo okuphawuleka ukutshatyalaliswa eRoma yamandulo - Empire enamandla nempumelelo wawahlula bakhona.

zokuziphatha

Olunye udidi undincinayo nesimilo - ingcamango yokuziphatha. Eli lixabiso esisiseko sophuhliso zombini zabantu kunye kubudlelwane babo.

Yokuziphatha - liqondo yophuculo kwi ezintle zabantu ezifana ukulunga, nobulungisa, nembeko, inkululeko, kunye nothando ihlabathi. It ephawula yokuziphatha kunye nezenzo zabantu kunye nezikhundla wala maxabiso kwaye yahlulwe labucala kunye noluntu.

zokuziphatha Public ezendeleyo neempawu ezifana:

• ukuthotyelwa kunye nezithintelo eziqhelekileyo iqela elithile labantu okanye unqulo (umzekelo, amaYuda akakwazi kudla inyama yehagu);
• inkcubeko yokuziphatha, uphawu eluntwini (umz kwi isizwe Afrika abafazi Mursi kwi plate iindevu ifakiwe, leyo akwamkelekanga kwaphela ukuba abantu bamanye amazwe);

• Iintshukumo ezimiselweyo izimiso zenkolo (umz, iziyalezo ukuthotyelwa);
• imfundo bonke njengelungu lombutho woluntu iimpawu yokuziphatha ezifana yokuzincama.

Ngokusekelwe imilinganiselo yokuziphatha zisekelwe ubudlelwane kuphela nabanye, kodwa phakathi kwamazwe nezizwana. Iimfazwe kwenzeka xa elinye iqela kukwaphula nesithethe bezikhethwe kokudlulileyo isiseko kwavumela ngoxolo.

Imbali lokuziphatha

Ingcamango lokuziphatha wavela nje kudala nje ezibonakala yokuqala. Makwazeke bonke oogqirha isifungo Hippocratic, umzekelo - enye yezi ntlobo zezi mimiselo amandulo. Yazo imigangatho yokuziphatha wawagayela kumabutho omkhosi, Olimpiki iimbaleki, ababingeleli, nabagwebi, yeeNgwevu kunye nabameli bamanye amacandelo oluntu. Abanye ezaqhutywa ngohlobo lomlomo (Lihlale eMonastri engaqhelekanga kunye nemimiselo yawo musa ukuya), ngoxa abanye yabhalwa emacwecweni okanye yeengcongolo, esekhona.

Ezinye zezi imithetho yamandulo ngoku waqonda njengoko iingcebiso kunye nemimiselo entsonkothileyo.

efana kakhulu ingqikelelo lokuziphatha yitshata labakhandi, elenziwe kwiinkulungwane 11-12 kwindawo onobu bugcisa ngamnye ngendlela yakhe. Zibonisa nje iimbopheleleko tsehoviki nganye malunga nabo kunye nentsebenziswano, kodwa amalungelo abo.

Kuba olwaphula le ngummiselo kumele Kwimeko ongasetyenziswayo kuyo uluntu amagcisa, leyo ilingana uyabatshabalalisa. Yinto eyaziwayo into efana ilizwi yabarhwebi, leyo nayo kuthiwe umzekelo isivumelwano yomlomo phakathi nabameli imifela efanayo okanye ezahlukeneyo.

Types of lokuziphatha

Ingqiqo kunye umbandela yokuziphatha kuzo zonke msebenzi ubandakanya ezo zinto iimpawu azalwa kulo msebenzi. Ukho ukuba umsebenzi ngamnye imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ukuchaza isenzo esithathwe yi abasebenzi kwisakhelo imithetho kunye neenkqubo.

Umzekelo, kukho into ezifana zonyango, ezomthetho, ezoqoqosho, yaye nomkhosi uvumo mfihlakalo. Zokuziphatha emsebenzini ziquka kuphela imigaqo yokuziphatha kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha ezendeleyo nawuphi na umsebenzi yabantu, kodwa elihlanganisayo enye.

Ukuba ephula yitshata lwabasebenzi ulindele isohlwayo solawulo okanye ukugxothwa, i-non-ukuthotyelwa yokuziphatha ikhowudi lwekhondo yakhe kugwetywa imithetho yelizwe. Ngokomzekelo, xa incrimination ukubulawa kwipharamedikhi kubanjwa zombini ngokubulala.

Iindidi eziphambili lokuziphatha ziquka:

• izixhobo zonyango;
• wamajoni;
• umthetho;
• ezoqoqosho;
• ukufundisa;
• Creative nabanye.

Umthetho iphambili kule meko ngumphakamo eliphezulu lobungcali emsebenzini kunye nokuzinikela.

zokuziphatha ishishini

Ingcamango kweenqobo ishishini bobabo kudidi lokuziphatha. Zininzi ongabhalwanga (kwezinye iimeko izinto ezichazwe Charter yenkampani) imithetho efuna amashishini kunye nabantu amashishini kuphela isimbo impahla, kodwa unxibelelwano, iintengiselwano okanye ulawulo iingxelo. Igama Business kuphela umntu lowo uyigcinayo imilinganiselo yokuziphatha imbeko ingqibelelo.

ukuziphatha Business - eli gama lisetyenziswa ngabasasazi ukususela amaxesha abantu bokuqala ukungena yingisela. Kumazwe ahlukeneyo kufuneka imithetho yabo thethwano, kwaye ayinamsebenzi, kumayelana ishishini okanye ozakuzo kubudlelwane, okanye iindawo apho kwenziwa zibe. Ngawo onke amaxesha kwakukho iingcinga yomntu ngempumelelo. Mandulo ukuba indlu osisityebi, abakhonzi, okanye ubungakanani bomhlaba kunye amakhoboka ngexesha lethu - izincedisi eninzi, ofisi kwi zindala kwaye phi.

isigaba zokuziphatha

Concepts, iindidi nesimilo - ke postulates ezisisiseko yokuziphatha, leyo iza kucacisa iqondo okulungileyo nokubi izenzo zabantu.

• elungileyo - isidima, leyo ubonakalisa zonke ezintle obukhoyo kweli hlabathi;
• ububi - ongafaniyo okulungileyo, yaye ingqiqo jikelele ngamanyala kunye ubukrwada;

• kuhle - kufikwa umgangatho wobomi;
• Justice - isigaba ebonisa amalungelo afanayo kunye nokulingana ngabantu;
• kwetyala - ukukwazi ukubheka ezabo izinto okulungileyo zabanye;
• izazela - ukukwazi umntu ngamnye ukuvavanya izenzo zabo ngokwembono okulungileyo nokubi;
• isidima - yokuhlola iimpawu phakathi kwabantu.

Oku zonke iindidi undincinayo inzululwazi.

zokuziphatha zonxibelelwano

Ingcamango yokuba elungileyo izakhono zonxibelelwano aquka ukumisela unxibelelwano nabanye abantu. Le yesebe inzululwazi sele bafunda kwinqanaba abantu inkcubeko ngolwimi lwakhe, umgangatho kunye luncedo ngolwazi abacombululele imilinganiselo yakhe yokuziphatha.