Uluntu Industrial ube liqonga lophuhliso lwentlalo

Kule minyaka ingama-60 kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini a ithandwa enkulu-bulumko kwezentlalo kunye nefilosofi imbali ufumene i uluntu theory mveliso. Bavela ngokunxulumene ekuthiwa-iinkqubo ndlela nembali. Abaxhasi le ndlela iingxaki imbali, imbali kunye bulumko ithiyori lwentlalo wazama ukufihla inkqubo zembali xa iyonke, ukuqonda oko yinkqubo entsonkothileyo yophuhliso kunye nokucwangciswa iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo. uluntu Industrial and eqongeni post-industrial sele iingqiqo ezigqamileyo yale hlobo.

Ukuvela la magama zabangelwa kwingqiqo ukuba ngokwaneleyo nje ukuba bagxeke ingcamango ngokweMarxist namabandla. Ngapha koko, ngezengqondo yabantu ebesoloko ifuna omuhle yembali, "eli phupha kwinkulungwane elandelayo", okwaziyo endaweni efanelekileyo Marxist.

kwabantu, French Raymond UAron ngo "Izifundo kwi kuluntu mveliso 'yakhe wachaza umahluko ezizinzululwazi phakathi kwiinkampu yali kwaye yobungxowankulu nganto. Zombini kamu ngenxa yakhe "uluntu mveliso single" efanayo, kuphela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Le mbono siqulunqwe ngezentlalo American Walt Rostow. Ngowe-1960 wapapasha "Manifesto non-Communist 'yakhe nokufundisa, oko kukuthi, umsebenzi" amanqanaba noHlumo. " Kule ncwadi, yena ecetywayo ngaphandle Marxism, lo mgaqo kwicandelo noshowo - hayi ngenxa kwingxelo ezentlalo nezoqoqosho, kunye nezigaba zokukhula koqoqosho. Ngoko ke, lonke uluntu industrial abonela Umba wophuhliso kuyo yonke imbali yoluntu.

Izigaba zokukhula ezinxulumene inqanaba kuphuhliso lwezamazhishini, ubugcisa, inzululwazi kunye nokukhula kuqoqosho, ngokutsho Rostow, kukho ezintlanu:

1) yemveli yoluntu apho ilawula inkqubo zoqoqosho lwezolimo, ubume bentlalo oluneqela kunye iseti invariable imilinganiselo;

2) uluntu senguqu, oqalisa kunye XVII- ekuqaleni lwekhulu XVIII, xa kwaqalisa ishishini labucala;

3) ixesha 'athathe-off ", xa ukusetyenziswa koomatshini iqala (amazwe ahlukeneyo aye ufikelele kweli xesha, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII to-imi- 50 lwekhulu XX);

4) ixesha "ukuqola" okanye kugqitywe mveliso;

5) ilixa yokusebenzisa abaninzi kunye ntle, nto leyo kuthathwa ngezentlalo, bafika eUnited States. Kufuneka ukwakha umphakathi ikulawule ezikrelekrele kunye nemilinganiselo nosapho.

Rostow wayekholelwa ukuba injini yenkqubela uphuhliso inzululwazi nobuchwepheshe, kunye ubundlobongela kunye revolution - ke "ikhula iintlungu 'ezinxulumene inqanaba elisezantsi kakhulu ekuphuhliseni uluntu. Noko ke, malunga eRashiya, wabhala ukuba emva Oktobha Revolution eli lizwe singene kwisigaba oqolileyo, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe uguquguquka ukuya kwinqanaba nkulu kuluntu mveliso, ngenxa yokuba kungekudala kuluntu mveliso singangumzekelo sokuphuhlisa naliphi na ilizwe. Isibakala sokuba ingqiqo mveliso kuquka iimpawu zentlalo ezineefitsha ezifanayo.

theory Rostow lubonisa iimpawu ezithile zoluntu mveliso. Okokuqala, oko phambi koomatshini enkulu, nto leyo ebonisa uphuhliso lonke uqoqosho. Ngoko, kukho imveliso olubanzi lwempahla yabathengi ezifana iTV, iimoto, izixhobo zombane zasekhaya njalo njalo. Olona phawu elilandelayo le revolution lwezenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe, nto leyo ekhokelela ezintsha kwemveliso kunye nolawulo, ngokunjalo ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu ezidolophini kunye nokufumaneka a ezinawo ebanzi abaphathi babasebenzi. Oku, litshintsha ubume kuluntu kunye noluntu mveliso ngokwalo.

Iimpawu olu tshintsho:

- umzabalazo yeklasi (esiqhutywa kwisakhelo lonyulo, umsebenzi zemanyano yabasebenzi kunye nengxoxo yabo bebonke)

- nezinye iintlobo zokuziphatha kunye nonxibelelwano lwentlalo phakathi kwabantu,

- qoqosho yokucinga ngokubanzi.

uluntu industrial ingqikelelo ukusebenza ngomhla imbonakalo mibono zentlalo ezifana kwithiyori convergence, deideologization, uluntu ngobuninzi kunye nenkcubeko abaninzi.