LeZimbiwa e Umzantsi Melika: itafile, uluhlu

Kwilizwekazi South American ke yesine ubukhulu kwaye ibandakanya 12 geqe. Le leetyuwa thaca eMzantsi Melika? Amafoto, inkcazo kwaye ufumane uluhlu kwinqaku lethu.

geography

Isiza oluphambili ibekwe ngaphakathi zifaka eseMazantsi Western, ibekwe kwinxalenye esemantla. Ilizwekazi yi-Pacific Ocean ukuya ngasentshona kunye Atlantic esempuma nakuMntla Melika, oko abazahlulayo yi-Isthmus Panama.

Ummandla lizwekazi, kunye kwiziqithi malunga ne-18 million km. macala onke. Inani elipheleleyo abemi million 275 abantu, kunye ukuxinana kwabantu 22 square kilometre. Ubume lizwekazi ikwaquka kwiziqithi ezikufuphi, abanye kubo bangamalungu amazwe kwezinye amazwekazi, ezifana Falkland Islands (UK), French Guiana (France).

Umzantsi Melika linobude elikhulu ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ukuyilwa umahluko imozulu kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Nemisinga use kwimimandla zemozulu emithandathu, ukususela epholileyo ukuze subequatorial. Last ezifunyanwa apha kabini. Umzantsi Melika kwilizwekazi kakhulu ulophu, nangona eyintlango kwezinye iindawo.

LeziMbiwa Umzantsi Melika (uluhlu - kamva kweli nqaku) yi zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kwaye umhlaba kunye nemozulu zihamba kakuhle ulimo. Kwi nemisinga, amahlathi ezininzi, imilambo namachibi, kubandakanywa umlambo zinzulu ehlabathini - Amazon, kwakunye emanzini chibi likhulu Titicaca.

ukukhululeka

Ubume yezwe ilula, nangona oku, izimbiwa e Umzantsi Melika thaca inani elikhulu emasimini. Ngokusisiseko, intsimi yahlulelwe kwii ariya ezimbini eziphambili - weentaba, nethafa, equka kumathafa esezintabeni.

Inxenye esentshona ilizwekazi amelwe inkqubo intaba longissimus - Andes. Ubude layo lidlula 9000 km kunye neencopho kuvuka ngasentla 6000 ubude ukusuka emhlabeni. Ingongoma inkulu Mount Aconcagua.

Emathafeni ibekwe empumalanga. Asezikhundleni inxalenye enkulu kwilizwekazi. Indawo encinane ngasentla na Guiana Highlands, kungqameko kuzo iingxangxasi ezininzi kunye eyingozi.

Ifunyanwa ngezantsi Highlands eBrazil, apho kungene ngaphezu kwesiqingatha kwilizwekazi. Ngenxa yobungakanani kunye neyantlukwano iimeko lehewu le yahlulwe umhlaba ezintathu. indawo yayo ephezulu Intaba Bandeira (2897 m).

Le misinga phakathi kweentaba agudle ke Amazon, La Plata, Orinoco emathafeni. Bona ibekwe ngaphakathi oneentlambo enzonzobila. Gorilla emele mphandle phantse obungabangeli mdla flat.

yokwakheka komhlaba

LeziMbiwa Umzantsi Melika kwasekwa kwiinkulungwane ezininzi, ngokunxuseneyo lokusekwa kwilizwekazi. Territory, njengoko kunjalo isiqabu yohlulwe imimandla eNtshona naseMpuma.

Kwinxalenye esempuma yoMzantsi American Platform. Osele ngokuphindaphindiweyo phantsi kwamanzi, ngaloo ndlela, intlenga abunjwe (wayehle endle) kunye crystal (kwiindawo bephakamisa) rocks. Kwiindawo Brazil kunye Guiana Highlands ukuya outcrops kumphezulu nemetamorphic kunye igneous.

Inxalenye lasentshonalanga isongiwe ibhanti entabeni njengenxalenye i-Pacific Ring yoMlilo. Andes - sisiphumo kungquzulwano lezitya lithospheric. nokudaleka kwenzeka ngoku, nto leyo ebonakaliswa mlilo. Nazi ezimbini mlilo liphezulu ehlabathini, enye yazo (llullaillaco) elibambeleyo.

LeziMbiwa Umzantsi Melika (ngokufutshane)

imithombo yezimbiwa emelwe sisimbiwa lizwekazi metal, ingakumbi intsimbi kunye manganese, nto leyo ngaphakathi sheets saseBrazil Guiana tyaba. Apha zibekwe iidipozithi iidayimani, igolide kunye webauxite.

Ngenxa ukuyilwa kwiAltiplano orogeny, le ndawo kwakhiwa ezahlukeneyo kwizimbiwa indalo eMzantsi Merika. Ore and non-ebuntsimbi izimbiwa zifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwebanga yentaba. Eyokuqala zimelwe ngqo kwi Andes ores zesinyithi radioactive yaye non-ayoni, kwaye xa zifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe kwakheka kwi njengomthombe esihlanjeni. I Andes nabo iidipozithi ngamatye anqabileyo.

Emathafeni belizwekazi, xa kwimigongxo intermountain kunye misinga kwasekwa nasemaweni ludaka. Kukho iidipozithi zamalahle, oli negesi yendalo. Ezi zibonelelo ezinokutsha kuye, umzekelo, Orinoco nezihlambo, ihewu toothfish, kwakunye Nqabakazi ka Tierra del Fuego, ibekwe i-Atlantic Ocean.

LeziMbiwa Umzantsi Melika (Table)

imboni

izinga loqoqosho amazwe kweli lizwekazi iyahluka kakhulu. zezona kuphuhliswa Brazil, Argentina kunye Venezuela. Baya kuba amazwe asanda industrializing. Qondo lisezantsi yophuhliso waphawula e French Guiana, Bolivia, Ecuador, Suriname, Paraguay, Guyana. Amanye amazwe kwibakala eliphakathi.

Izimbiwa of South America kunye nemveliso yazo badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho kumazwe amaninzi kweli lizwekazi. EVenezuela, kushishino lwezimbiwa lwenza i-16% kwingeniso yelizwe. Apha, njengokuba e-Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, ukuvelisa oyile, amalahle negesi yendalo. Colombia zizityebi iidipozithi ngamatye anqabileyo, oko Ude abizwe ngokuba 'nelesmarado lizwe. "

Metal ores geni eChile, Suriname, Guyana naseBrazil. ekrwada ngobhedu eChile, ioli eVenezuela, ithini e Bolivia, zilungiswa kwi kwisiza, nangona izibonelelo ezininzi kuza phezu kwamanye amazwe eluhlaza.

Kuba ekhaya ihlala imali encinane kakhulu zempahla ekrwada. Inxalenye ephambili uya lihlile. Kuthunyelwe ioli, webauxite, inkcenkce, Tungsten, kwistibhiya, molybdenum kunye nezinye izimbiwa e Umzantsi Melika.

isiphelo

Kweli lizwekazi zahlukile kakhulu kwezibonelelo imvelaphi izimbiwa, ngenxa isakhiwo awodwa zejoloji eMzantsi Merika. Kwimimandla esentshona yezwe Songa kwasekwa igneous nemetamorphic. Ngenxa yoko, kukho kwasekwa nani likhulu imithombo yezimbiwa kweli lizwekazi, leyo zimelwe ebuntsimbi kunye nezibonelelo nonmetallic, isalfure, ayodini namatye anqabileyo.

Le nenxenye yelizwekazi egubungele mathafa zamatye ngokungaphelelanga crystalline kunye ludaka. Bona iidipozithi of webauxite, nezentsimbi ekrwada intsimbi, igolide. iindawo elikhulu emathafeni kunye piedmont kukudakumba. Kukho ikakhulu kwezimbiwa zokubasa (i-oyile, igesi, amalahle) neetyuwa kwakhiwa.