Modern Western Philosophy

filosofi Western Modern lineqela iimpawu, eli leyo kuqondwa kuphela azinakufaniswa ngamnye ezinye izigaba zophuhliso yayo. Ngo bulumko classical, njengoko waziwa kakuhle, eyona nto iphambili ebesoloko ukuqondwa endalo kunye noluntu kunye beguqukele afanelekileyo. Uninzi abalandeli mkhuba classical wavuma ingcamango lokufikelela kulwazi, ngenxa yabo, ukuba uyakwazi ukufikelela inyaniso, nabani na.

Iinkcuba ababambe ulwalathiso zoqobo, wacinga ukuba ukuqonda imithetho kunye nemigaqo yendalo kunye noluntu kuya kuvumela abantu ukuba alawule phezu kwabo. Le ngesibetho iingcinga Obumbe isiseko sale theory yokuqala, kuye kwabangela yaseFransi Revolution ngo-1879. Iziganeko eFransi, ngoko, wabonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba uluntu, nto leyo kuseyinto bulumko isekelwe "imigaqo engqiqo," enyanisweni yajika nangqondo yaye engenabuntu.

Ufikelwe lunkwantyo, imfazwe kunye namaxhoba abamsulwa kwakhokelela iinkcuba ezininzi ukubonakalisa nzulu amathuba yokwenene inzululwazi kunye nesizathu yabantu. iziganeko Ukulandela eMelika naseYurophu ziye zanyanzela zobulumko ukuthandabuza indima yemfundo ubunye emphakathini. Zobulumko ezininzi enengqiqo longasekhoyo XIX c., Xa kubonakala, imigaqo bulumko yamandulo ekugqibeleni enobungangamsha, ke ngequbuliso waqalisa ukuthetha malunga irrationality yembali kunye kwezinto inyaniso. filosofi Western Modern imvelaphi yayo kanye nexesha lwamaxabiso zokwazisela, izinto ezo ezenzeka phakathi kwexesha.

Iimpawu zokuqala ngokwaphulwa-bulumko lwamandulo kunokubonwa iimfundiso Nietzsche kaThixo, Schopenhauer, kunye nabalandeli babo. Ezincwadini zabo kuyofikwa ngokucacileyo ingcamango yokuba ihlabathi ayikho inkqubo ngesandi esinye, kunye nenkqubela kwinzululwazi kungakhokelela kakuhle imiphumo alunqandeki yoyikekayo. Izama ukwenza uhlobo Outlook ezibanzi njengempambano etyeni ngokuchasene imvelaphi yokuba i individualization. Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard kunye Nietzsche zingafunyanwa mibala uphawu kamva kuphuhliso bulumko Western, apho waqalisa ukulawula kunye nama-20 iminyaka lwekhulu XX.

Ukuba uzama ukuqonda indlela eziphambili bulumko Western mihla, kubalulekile ukuba kubiza anthropologism, scientism, ukubuyela iingcamango ukweyisela eyimfihlakalo-zonqulo. Kukho iindlela ezintsha zokucinga kunye neembono ngokwesiseko ezahlukeneyo kumfanekiso kwehlabathi. Ehlabathini phakathi kwenkulungwane XX, ngokunxulumene revolution lwezenzululwazi nobuchwepheshe, iingxaki zehlabathi oluntu abantu baqalisa ziphuhliswe ngaphezu ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. ifilosofi Modern Western, eqhutywa noyike ikamva loluntu, kuchonga imiba ezintathu eziphambili ogama isisombululo ungxamisekile:

• Kukho phakathi nobuntu kunye nendalo, ndiliphanzisa ungquzulwano ezibangele?
• Xa kunjalo, ukuba ikho, kunokuthiwa ukuba le ntswela into eyenziwe inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe?
• Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ngaba kusengqiqweni ukuba uyeke ukutshatyalaliswa uluntu kunye nendalo namhlanje, nendlela yokwenza oko?

ifilosofi Western Modern, inkcazelo jikelele apho kunokuba luyathandabuzeka, inika ezahlukeneyo izisombululo le miba, kodwa iinkcuba mihla ukubona indlela yokuphuma imeko yangoku kuphuhliso kwenkcubeko okuqhelekileyo ukuyilwa iimpawu ezintsha zabantu. Kwezi ezintsha iimpawu zomntu ziquka uthando ubulungisa, ukucinga lwehlabathi Ukwehluleka naluphi na uhlobo lobundlobongela. ifilosofi Western Modern uzama ukubethelela iingcamango yakhe nemigaqo zobuntu, ubeke phezu kwale ndoda, hayi ezinye sily.Okazalos okutshatyalaliswa ukuba lokuqonda koluntu ligxile ngokupheleleyo isigqibo imisebenzi nendima okunene idlula into eziphambili - ubomi babantu kunye nentsingiselo yalo .