Ubomi Works of Dostoevsky

Kweli nqaku, siza ukuchaza ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Dostoevsky ngokufutshane kukuxelela malunga iziganeko ezibalulekileyo. Fyodor Mikhailovich wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 30 (style endala - 11) ngo-1821. Dostoevsky isincoko uya kwazisa ukuba imisebenzi esisiseko, impumelelo yalo mntu kwintsimi boncwadi. Kodwa ke masiqale ukusuka kanye ekuqaleni - ukusuka imvelaphi umbhali elizayo, kunye ngobomi bakhe.

iingxaki Dostoevsky unako kakhulu, bayakuqonda siqhelane nobomi yale ndoda kuphela. Ngapha koko, fiction usoloko ngandlel 'ubonisa iimpawu biography of umdali imisebenzi. Kwimeko Dostoevsky kakhulu azikaqapheleki.

Origin of Dostoyevsky

Uyise Fyodor wazalwa amasebe Rtishchevo, inzala Rtishchev Daniil Ivanovich, umthetheleli kwi South-West of Russia Faith Orthodox. Yena pha for impumelelo ebalaseleyo kwilali Dostoevo ibekwe kwiphondo Podolsk. Dostoevsky ifani isuka khona.

Noko ke, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, uhlanga ahlwempuzekileyo Dostoevsky. Andrei Mikhailovich, uyisemkhulu zombhali, bakhonza kwiphondo Podolsk, kwidolophu Bratslav, archpriest. UMikhail, sinomdla uyise umbhali kaThixo, waphumelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo ebandakanya-Steel Academy. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ngowe-1812, walwa kunye French ngakomnye, yaye emva koko, ngo-1819, watshata Nechaeva Maria Feodorovna, intombi umrhwebi ukusuka eMoscow. UMikhail, xa umhlala-phantsi, wafumana ofisi kagqirha xa esibhedlele Mariinsky, vula ukuya kumahlwempu, leyo kuthiwa abantu Bozhedomka.

Apho Dostoevsky wazalwa?

Umbhali elizayo Iapatmenti ntsapho kwi iphiko lasekunene esibhedlele. Kuyo, phantsi gqirha indlu karhulumente ezinyuliweyo, ukuba wazalwa ngo-1821, Fyodor Mikhailovich. Umama wakhe, njengoko senditshilo, weza evela uhlobo zorhwebo. Imifanekiso zokusweleka ngaphambi kwexesha, indlala, izifo, ukuphazamiseka - okuvelayo kuqala yenkwenkwe, leyo ethathe imilo phantsi kwempembelelo Ngenxa kwihlabathi umbhali elizayo, engaqhelekanga kakhulu. umsebenzi Dostoevsky kaThixo ibonakalisa oku.

Imeko usapho umbhali elizayo

Igcwala ixesha ukuya ku-9 abantu ntsapho kwanyanzeleka ukuba badlali amagumbi amabini kuphela. UMikhail waye hypochondriac kunye nomntu ngokukhawuleza wobulali.

Impela uhlobo olwahlukileyo wayengasebenzi Fedorovna: ezivenkileni, ochwayitileyo, uhlobo. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwabazali wenkwenkwe zisekelwe ngaphantsi ayilawulwa kwaye ukuthanda kayise. Nurse nonina yombhali elizayo wawongwa izithethe zonqulo engcwele lizwe, ukukhuthaza intlonipho inkolo zooyise izizukulwana ezizayo. Maria Feodorovna wafa abatsha - eneminyaka engama-36. Yena wangcwatywa kwi various emangcwabeni.

I omaziyo yokuqala ziincwadi

Education and Science bachitha ixesha elininzi entsatsheni Dostoevsky. Esemncinane Dostoevsky wafumanisa uvuyo yokunxibelelana le ncwadi. Imisebenzi yokuqala, naye wadibana, - iintsomi Arina Arkhipovna, Makhulu. Oku kwalandelwa Pushkin kunye Zhukovsky - ababhali ozithandayo Maria Feodorovna.

Fyodor Mikhailovich esemncinane baqhelana ezakudala ezinkulu loncwadi zehlabathi: Hugo, ingawenzi kunye kaHomer. Uyise amalungiselelo intsapho ngokuhlwa ukufunda imisebenzi N. M. Karamzina "Imbali karhulumente Russian." Konke oku owafaka umbhali umdla ekuqaleni elizayo kwiincwadi. Ubomi Nemisebenzi of Fyodor Dostoevsky ubukhulu becala akhiwa kokusingqongileyo, apho kwakukho lo mbhali.

UMikhail ukufuna asebukhosini amafa

UMikhail ngo-1827 ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima kunye nogqweso wawongwa Order weqondo 3 ka-St Anne, kunye nonyaka kamva Naye wawongwa kunye elikwinqanaba umvavanyi Collegiate, esalinikwayo ngelixa yamaLungelo oLuntu ungunyana wabanumzana zamafa. Uyise umbhali elizayo wayesazi kakuhle ukubaluleka kwemfundo ephakamileyo ngoko efuna ukulungiselela nzulu zokwamkelwa kwabafundi kumaziko emfundo abantwana babo.

Intlekele of ebuntwaneni, Dostoevsky

Umbhali elizayo ebutsheni bakhe basinda sentlekele ethe washiya uphawu soze umphefumlo wakhe ebomini. Wayithanda intsingiselo kwabantwana epheka intombi yakhe, oneminyaka elithoba intombazana. Kanye, ngosuku zasehlotyeni kwabakho ukukhala egadini. Fedor wabalekela ngaphandle, wambona lulele ingubo emhlophe eqwengiweyo phezu komhlaba. Le ntombazana, abesayama abafazi. Ukusuka nengxoxo yabo Fedor waqonda ukuba ngumtyholwa le ntlekele yaba ukuhamba anxile. Emva koko, saya kuyise, kodwa ayizange kwakufuneka uncedo wakhe, ngenxa yokuba le ntombazana ifile.

umbhali Education

Fyodor Mikhailovich wafumana imfundo yakhe yokuqala kwisikolo sabucala eMoscow. Yena ngo-1838 wangena ibekwe eSt Petersburg Main Engineering School. Wagqiba esikolweni ngo-1843 waza waba injineli yasemkhosini.

Kuloo minyaka, esi sikolo ingqalelo elinye lamaziko kakhulu kweli lizwe. Akukho ngozi kwafika abantu abaninzi abadumileyo. Dostoevsky phakathi namaqabane kwicandelo leekholeji ebeyindoda yokulwa italente, kamva yaguquka yaba sisiCwangciso-abantu ezaziwayo-kakuhle. It nguDmitry Grigorovich (umbhali), Constantin Trutovsky (artist), kulya Sechenov (komzimba), uEduard Totleben (umququzeleli we wawalwela Sevastopol), Fyodor Radetzky (Shipka hero). Bafundiswa apha nje iinkalo koluntu kunye ezizodwa. Umzekelo, ihlabathi kunye imbali yesizwe, iincwadi Russian, ukupeyinta, kunye izakhiwo yoluntu.

Intlekele le "ndoda omncinane"

Dostoevsky uluntu eyenziwa abafundi zathanda yabucala. Ukufunda waba kukuchitha yakhe ayithandayo. Erudition yombhali ikusasa namaqabane emangalisayo. Kodwa ke umnqweno sokuba yedwa kunye kude sobuntu yakhe uphawu ngokwemvelo. I Fyodor sikolo kwafuneka anyamezele nentlekele umphefumlo ebizwa ngokuba "indoda encinane". Eneneni, kwesi sikolo abafundi ikakhulu abantwana uyilandela kunye sama emkhosini. Abazali izipho nootitshala babo, zingawucongi kukha. Kule meko, Dostoevsky wakhangela engaqhelekanga, ngokufuthi phantsi bethukwa nokudelela. Engqondweni yakhe ngaloo minyaka idlabhuzwe ingqondo wazazisa, ethe yabonakalisa kumsebenzi elizayo Dostoevsky.

Kodwa nangona kukho obu bunzima, Fyodor Mikhailovich likwazile ukuphumeza ukuqatshelwa kunye namaqabane kunye nootitshala. Bonke zakubona kwexesha ukuba lo mntu ubukrelekrele ezizodwa kunye nokukwazi obalaseleyo.

ukufa kayise

Ngowe-1839, Julayi 8, ukususela apoplexy ngesiquphe waza wafa uyise Fyodor. Kukho amarhe ukuba akukho ukufa yendalo - yena wabulala ukuba amadoda umoya elibukhali. Iindaba bothuka Dostoevsky, kunye naye ixesha lokuqala waquleka, intwasahlobo ikamva sokuxhuzula, ukusuka apho Dostoevsky wabandezeleka ubomi bakhe bonke.

Service njengononjineli, imisebenzi yokuqala

Dostoevsky ngo-1843, emva kokuphumelela Kakade ke, elo abhalisela kwi Corps zenjineli kwiqela yobunjineli e St. Petersburg, kodwa gqaba bakhonza apho. Emva konyaka wagqiba ekubeni bazibandakanye emsebenzini yoncwadi, uthando leyo ixesha elide. Okokuqala, waqalisa ukuguqulela ezakudala, ezifana Balzac. Emva kwethuba kwabakho ingcamango inoveli oonobumba ebizwa ngokuba "ngabantu abahluphekayo." Yaba umsebenzi wokuqala ezimeleyo, oqalisa umsebenzi Dostoevsky kaThixo. Oku kwalandelwa amabali kunye neenoveli: "UMnu Prokharchin", "Double", "Netochka Nezvanova", "Ubusuku White".

Rapprochement ne isangqa Petrashevists imiphumo ebuhlungu

1847 ephawulwe rapprochement kunye Butashevich-Petrashevsky, obeqhuba odumileyo "ngoLwesihlanu". Loo nomthombo fan of Fourier. Kwi ezi ebusuku umbhali bahlangana ziimbongi Apollonom Maykovym, Alekseem Plescheevym, Aleksandrom Palmom, Sergeem Durovym, kwakunye umbhali Saltykov kunye Isazinzulu Vladimir Milyutin kunye Nikolaem Mordvinovym. Kwiintlanganiso kuxoxwa Petrashevists iimfundiso yobusoshiyali, izicwangciso kuphazamiseka yotshintsho olululo. Dostoevsky waba lweli kupheliswe olukhawulezileyo serfdom eRashiya.

Noko ke, urhulumente weva isangqa, yaye ngowe-1849, 37 nxaxheba, kuquka Dostoevsky, bavalelwa uPetros Paul Fortress. Bagwetyelwa ukufa, kodwa uKhesare saba isivakalisi, yaye umbhali elubhacweni nzima eSiberia.

E Tobolsk, entolongweni

Waya Tobolsk kwi yeqabaka anomngcipheko sleigh evulekileyo. Apha wabafazi Decembrists, Annenkov kunye Fonvizin batyelela Petrashevists. Feat aba bafazi iyayithanda lonke elo lizwe. Banika wagwetywa elowo iVangeli, apho imali yayityalwe. Isibakala sokuba amabanjwa ayengavunyelwa ukuba imali yabo, ngoko ke wathamba okwethutyana iimeko zokuphila ezinzima.

Entolongweni umbhali eqaphela indlela ingqondo, ingcamango lentelekelelo yokuba "ubuKristu omtsha 'ukusuka ingqiqo Kristu, nenkxaso - abantu. Fyodor apha wakhupha omtsha 'uphawu zokholo ". Oku kusekelwe uhlobo Abantu ngayo ubuKristu. Kamva, oku kubonakala umsebenzi ngakumbi Dostoevsky, apho siza kukuxelela kamva.

inkonzo Military ku eOmsk

Kuba umbhali, abasebenzi nzima nyaka-ezine indawo emva emkhosini ngexesha elithile. Yena walandela phantsi abalindi ukusuka eOmsk ukuya Semipalatinsk. Apha ubomi kunye nomsebenzi Dostoevsky waqhubeka. Umbhali abalungiselelayo imeko zesiqhelo, ngoko wafumana isikhundla segosa. Wabuyela St. Petersburg de kuye ekupheleni kuka 1859.

Publishing kweejenali

Ngeli xesha, ndaqalisa quest Dostoevsky yokomoya, owathi kwiminyaka 60 lwaphela ukuyilwa yeenkolelo mbhali pochvennicheskih. Biography kunye nemisebenzi Dostoevsky ngeli xesha amakishwe ziganeko zilandelayo. Umbhali ukususela 1861, kunye ne-Michael, umninawa wakhe, waqala ukuzivakalisa lowu ebizwa ngokuba "Ixesha", emva koko umlomo ngayo - "esiqaphelekayo". Ukusebenza kwi iincwadi ezintsha kunye neemagazini, Fyodor Mikhailovich yaphuhliswa imbono yakhe ingxaki mzobo zoluntu kunye nombhali kwilizwe lethu - a Russian, kukho uhlobo yokuqala socialism zamaKristu.

Imisebenzi yokuqala umbhali, kwakuba nzima ukuzala

Ubomi Nemisebenzi of Dostoevsky emva kokuba Tobolsk zitshintshile lukhulu. Ngo-1861 kwakukho kwinoveli wokuqala lo mbhali ukuba wadala kwakuba nzima ukuzala kwakhe. Kulo msebenzi ( "I-kakubi, OWENZAKELEYO") lwabonisa uvelwano Dostoevsky ukuba "abantu omncinane" abo phantsi ngamagunya ukuba ube nokuthotywa ngonaphakade. Ezifuniweyo ukubaluleka zasekuhlaleni njenge "House of the Dead" (iminyaka yendalo - 1861-1863), nto leyo kwakuqalwe ngomnye entolongweni umbhali. Xa magazini "Ixesha" wabonakala "Notes Winter kwi Summer Ngomntu" ngo-1863. Baya Fyodor ugxeke inkqubo Western iinkolelo zezopolitiko. Ngowe-1864 kwafika ukupapashwa "Notes komhlaba". Olu hlobo uvumo Dostoevsky. Xa umsebenzi wakhe, yena alalanisayo ngaphambili iinjongo zabo yakhe.

Umsebenzi Dostoevsky kaThixo

Ngokufutshane chaza eminye imisebenzi yalo mbhali. Ngowe-1866 wabonwa inoveli ebizwa ngokuba 'Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye Ukohlwaya ", egqalwa enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo emsebenzini wakhe. Ngowe-1868 kwafika "I bwino" inoveli, apho zenziwe iinzame ukudala liqhawe eyakhayo, uyabachasa karhataka, ihlabathi ngenkohlakalo. Kwiminyaka 70 bobuchule FM Dostoevsky uyaqhubeka. Baye baziwa iinoveli ezifana "iidemon" (epapashwe - ngo-1871), yaye "Elivisayo", owayebonakele ngo-1879. "Abazalwana Karamazov" - inoveli, nguwuphi umsebenzi wokugqibela. Yena yaveza Dostoevsky. Iminyaka inoveli - 1879-1880. Kulo msebenzi, umlinganiswa ophambili, Alyosha Karamazov, ndinceda abanye ngamaxesha engxingongo nokubandezeleka, qinisekisa ukuba eyona nto ibalulekileyo ebomini bethu - ingqiqo uxolo nothando. Ngowe-1881, 9 Februwari, Dostoevskiy Fedor Mihaylovich wafa eSt Petersburg.

Ubomi Nemisebenzi of Dostoevsky ngokufutshane apha kweli nqaku. Asinako ukuba umbhali usoloko enomdla kakhulu Ezinye ingxaki yomntu. Bhala malunga nale inkalo kubalulekile ukuba umsebenzi Dostoevsky kaThixo, ngokufutshane.

Le ndoda umbhali

Fyodor Mikhailovich ngexesha lonke umsebenzi wakhe uyacinga ngawo ngxaki iphambili abasemhlabeni - njani ayeke ukuba nekratshi, nto leyo umthombo ukwahlulwa engundoqo yabantu. Kakade ke, zikho nezinye imixholo yomsebenzi Dostoevsky kaThixo, kodwa isekelwe kule. Umbhali sasikholelwa ukuba nawuphi na kuthi ubuchule ukudala. Kwaye kufuneka wenze njalo, ngelixa ophilileyo, kufuneka uziveze. Umbhali Person eyeleleneyo wazahlulela ubomi bakhe bonke. Biography kanye nobuchule Dostoevsky iqinisekisiwe.