Yintoni intsingiselo bemvelo yokukhethwa zendalo? Imizekelo izilwanyana kunye nezityalo

Ukukhetha Natural yenye yeenkqubo ezingundoqo izinto zazivelela izinto eziphilayo. Yintoni intsingiselo bemvelo yokukhethwa zendalo? Zeziphi iindlela ukuliphumeza enento indalo?

Ukuvela thiyori

Ingcamango yokuba izinto imbonakalo ngoku sisiphumo senkqubo ende yendaleko, ekuqaleni zivuthwe ngenkulungwane XIX. Lo mbuzo ngexesha othatha inxaxheba zesayensi ezimbalwa. Emva ngo-1855, uAlfred Russel Wallace wapapasha inqaku lakhe, elingcwele, ukucinga malunga yokuzivelela by Ukukhetha zendalo.

mbono Wallace aye wambamba Thomas Malthus wabhala yakhe "lwezincoko kokuhlaliswa yomthetho." Wacebisa ukuba injongo nganye labemi - nokuzalela, kwaye xa inani labantu kuba kukhulu kakhulu, abanye babo babulala. Apha ngendlela Wallace wafumana ingcamango yokuba zibhubha ayikho izinto ngequbuliso, yaye ziyafa.

Le ngcamango yokuzivelela kananjalo bubonakala kumsebenzi Charles Darwin kaThixo "Origin of Species" (1859). Ukuze ufumane iziphumo zabo, izazinzulu beza emva uhambo ihlabathi phezu enqanaweni "Beagle" unyaka 1831-1836. Nangona umsebenzi wakhe yapapashwa inqaku kamva Wallace, ukuba Darwin yaba umqhubi iphambili yale hypothesis, umngeni abaxhasi waphezulu zonke izinto eziphilayo.

Yintoni intsingiselo bemvelo yokukhethwa zendalo?

kwemvelo kudala ukucekisile, nangoku, abaninzi bakugqala njengephupha. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho ukhetho yendalo kunzima ukubuphikisa. kunokwenzeka ukuqulunqa umgaqo esisiseko ye-njalo - ". ixoxo nexoxo liyazigxumela"

Ukukhetha Natural Darwin kukuba indalo usoloko ukhula abantu ababuthathaka. Le meko sibona kwaye ukhetho ngumntu, xa umlimi ikhetha ihlume ifanelekileyo iphila lokutyala emhlabeni. Wildlife wenza okufanayo.

Ngoko ke, yintoni na intsingiselo bemvelo yokukhethwa zendalo? Okokuqala, ekuphuculeni esemgangathweni yabemi. Ngenxa yeenguqu kokusingqongileyo ukuba inani ukunyuka kwenani labantu kakhulu, izinto eziphilayo babe nobunzima ekufumaneni ukutya okanye ezinye izibonelelo. Kufuneka ukuba siqhelane kwezinye iimeko. Nabani na owenza kube lula kusinda, kwaye sinike zofuzo nenzala ngamandla.

Ukukhetha Natural yenye iinjini zazivelela. Ekuhambeni lohlengahlengiso kwimiqathango ekutshintsheni eziphilayo ukuphuhlisa izixhobo ezitsha kunye neendlela. Bona banakho ukutshintsha ukuziphatha okanye imbonakalo yayo, yaye kungekudala ezahlukeneyo kakhulu yookhokho babo.

Imizekelo yokukhetha endalo ezilwanyana

Ukukhetha Natural yi ukhuphiswano bokuhlala ngaphakathi uhlobo olunye. Enye ezahlukeneyo zayo ukhetho kwezesondo, ekhoyo phantse yonke. zizilo Aniyiva na into ukubaluleka ngokobugcisa kwemvelo kanye loo nto. Noko ke, rhoqo kulandelwa imithetho yayo.

ntaka ukhethe amaqabane kunye neentsiba eliqaqambileyo. Ezinye izilwanyana zikhokelwa ngobukhulu imisila, iimpondo. Amaxesha amaninzi, amaduna kufuneka ubungqina babo noludumileyo lokukhwela okanye balwa imbangi.

Umzekelo ukhetho zendalo inokuba kukhubazeko nokulungiswa izinambuzane izitshabalalisi. Ukusebenzisa izinto okufanayo ulawulo lwezinambuzane kukhokelela kuphuhliso sifo zabo ukuxhathisa kwiziyobisi.

abemi abaninzi entlango kwafuneka ukuphuhlisa naphaya ezikhethekileyo ukukhula kwiimeko ezinzima. Ukungabikho kwemvula rhoqo yakhokelela ekwakhiweni humps yeenkamela. Kulula ukuhamba amaxolo njengentlabathi norhoqotyeni apha emilenzeni uncedo, nembila - ukutsiba elide, kunye iinyoka bonke bafunda yokukhasa.

Imizekelo kwizityalo

Izityalo phezu ezisebenza nezimo akukho ndlela ngaphantsi izilwanyana. Cacti, umzekelo, kwakukho ameva. Bona zincinane ngaphezu amagqabi, nokuthintela komphunga ngokukhawuleza ukufuma.

Eminye imizekelo yokukhetha endalo nezityalo zingafunyanwa kulo naliphi na ehlathini apho ukhuphiswano esebenzayo. Kwiindawo yonke eluhlaza zidla ephantsi iya kukhula imithi ezibuthathaka kunezo ezikhula kwiindawo enelanga. Le yokugqibela ziya kufumana ukukhanya ngakumbi nobushushu, baze ngaloo ndlela babe ithuba elingcono uphuhliso ngokupheleleyo.

Kakade ke, lo mzekelo sisebenza kuphela ukuba izityalo ukukhanya-onothando. Iintlobo ukuba imiswe phakathi kwimimandla emanzi kunye umthunzi ixesha elide bebeziqhelanisa kwezi meko. Ngenxa yokukhetha yendalo, eziqulunqile amagqabi ezibanzi. Kunqabile ukuba intyatyambo, ngenxa yokuba izikhohlakali zingamoyiki ukufumana kwelanga ngokwaneleyo.