Plateau East Afrika. Uphi na East African Plateau?

Plateau East Afrika ibekwe ukuya kumzantsi-ntshona i "Horn of Africa" - baseSomalia Peninsula, ezantsi yaseTopiya. Isiqabu yalo mmandla ebanzi dissected ngamandla. Apha, i ziphakamileyo iintaba ehlanganiswa iintlambo ezinzulu Enkulu Rift Valley. intshukumo ezingu lukhatshwa neenyikima mlilo. Phantse yonke indawo igcwele kummandla zemozulu subequatorial.

ezigudle Afrika East: izifundo kwinkulungwane XIX

Inxalenye waphakamisa belizwekazi iinkulungwane ezininzi sele kakubi efunda. Nangona uluhlu amakhadi Kilimanjaro elinye (wenkulungwane II-III BC) uPtolemy ukuba. Ingxelo kwi incopho entabeni ezigqunywe likhephu kufuphi oomatiloshe ikhweyitha kunye nabarhwebi kumaXesha Aphakathi. Yobukoloniyali ukuqhekeka Kyea kwindawo uphando ngendlela.

Ekuqaleni yinxalenye yommandla, nto leyo ephakeme kunazo eAfrika, wayekwiqela eBritani. Kukho uguqulelo ukuba 1889 i-British Queen Victoria wanika woMlawuli of Germany UWilhelm II (umtshana wakhe), lo mlilo mkhulu eziwela Afrika - Kilimanjaro. Kude kube 1918, kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo eYurophu, okwabizwa ngokuba cone wayo - "The kwincopho Kaiser Wilhelm". elite Scientific uthe wavakalisa umdla isifundo kule ndawo kule bamashumi yokugqibela yenkulungwane XIX, xa waqabela Kibo German Hans Meyer. Ukususela ngoko, hayi watsha ukuhamba izazinzulu kunye nabakhenkethi abafuna ukubona mlilo isigebenga, namachibi ezintle, iikona angaqhelekanga indalo. E Tanzania, Kenya kunye namanye amazwe East Afrika ukuphuhlisa ukhenketho, yenza ingeniso.

Isakhiwo wejoloji East Africa

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, Asia naseMelika, kule nxalenye yehlabathi kwandiswa akukho nasentshonalanga zeentaba isongwe, nto leyo luchazwa kwimbali zejoloji kunye nolwakhiwo kuqweqwe lomhlaba. Eyona liphakanyiswe ngaphezu kwenqanaba ezilwandle, iyunithi aliphelelanga kwaye mobile - i-East African Plateau. Ukuphakama ezininzi intsimi - ukusuka 500 ukuya 1500 m isiseko eyenziwe crystalline yamandulo kunye namatye aguquka-imilo, ubudala babo - .. neminyaka eziibhiliyoni ezi-2 ubudala. Isiseko yi Precambrian liqonga Isiqwenga pramaterika ajenos. Igubungele ludaka kwakhiwa komhlaba. I Cenozoic Ixesha apha kukho iinguqu ezimandla ze kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, yaye kwinqanaba lokugqibela yokwakha intaba kwakukho ummandla ehlabathini nandzu mkhulu kunye uplifts.

Ubude elililo nduli East African kwama-1000 m. Intsimi yonke luphawulwa umsebenzi ophezulu wenyikima, iinyikima zomhlaba, umsebenzi mlilo uyabonakala mihla. Ubude lilonke eziphawuleka kakhulu ehlabathini yokuphazamiseka ziitectonic plates ukusuka emantla ukuya ezantsi 6000 km. Iziphene avela Near East kuLwandle oluBomvu. E Afrika, qala ku-mpuma entilini Danakil kwaye iphela ezantsi kufuphi emlonyeni lomlambo. Zambezi.

indawo okuyo

Amathafa High - ihewu East Afrika - kwimephu ligubungela indawo enkulukazi lizwekazi, leyo kumntla ehlangana ikhweyitha. Ngasentshonalanga kukho Congo isitya.

Ubude kwiintaba mTiyopiya ukuba Lake Nyasa (emantla ukuya ngezantsi) yi 1750 km. Ukususela ekupheleni esentshona eya Indian Ocean unxweme -1400 km. Ummandla yasethafeni ise ngasempuma kwiintaba Ruwenzori kunye Virunga uluhlu. Iincopho eliphezulu cone kwaye apha ecaleni amaphutha anzongonzongo ziitectonic plates, iintlambo. Kule ndawo imvelaphi ye watersheds eziphambili nemifula Afrika (Congo, Nile, Zambezi). Lo mmandla bobabo ithi ezahlukeneyo yelizwekazi: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, eRwanda, eBurundi, Malawi.

Iimpawu yendawo zendalo isiqabu

Iincopho aphambili mathafa East-Afrika - i-mlilo iyasebenza ithule:

• Kilimanjaro (5895 m);
• Kenya (5199 m);
• UmMiselo (4565 m);
• Elgon (4320 m).

Le ntaba eliphezulu yelizwekazi - Kilimanjaro, ukuba ibekwe Tanzania. abantu bendawo basibiza "White Mountain," "Indlu kaThixo, ethwala nengqele." Akhanya mhlophe qhwa kunye zomkhenkce ze Kilimanjaro zibonakala kangangamakhulu eekhilomitha. ezintabeni lwesakhiwo yabunjwa zincopho ezintathu: a esembindini - Kibo (5696 m), oriental - Mawenzi (5149 m), Western - Shire (3962 m). East African Plateau uye oovimba ebalulekileyo amanzi okusela. ukuxinezeleka olubanzi ziitectonic plates ohlala nzulu (80 m) Lake Victoria Basin - kunawo kwilizwekazi kunye novimba indawo yesibini amatsha-amanzi ehlabathini. ukuphakama kwayo phezulu kwinqanaba ulwandle 1134 m Kule ndawo kukho ezinye kwizikhongozeli amanzi -. Lake eTanganyika, Rudolph, Edward, ezihambayo eneentaba.

minerals

E Eastern Afrika, imibutho yikristale zikufutshane kumphezulu, eyenza kube lula ukucinga, ukuhlola kunye nokuveliswa sisimbiwa yesinyithi, namatye anqabileyo. Njengenxalenye ezahlukeneyo iintlobo isiqabu ilawulwa kuphela ematyeni endala. Kukho sedimentary uselula nengxelo mlilo. Inxalenye yezwe, apho nduli East Afrika, esisityebi ukubona, zixelwe, kumatye awenziwa ludaka, iiminerali. Uluhlu minerals kufunxwa:

• nesinyithi, nebhekile nezentsimbi ekrwada;
• Noble (igolide), kunye nesinyithi ezinqabileyo;
• deposit diamond:
• elinqabileyo tanzanite ilitye ;
• amalahle;
• fluorite.

Iyantlukwano yobume ezintabeni East African

lo mhlaba nemisinga kwemozulu iphenjelelwa khona umoya ethandwa yimvula namaxesha ezenza - emanzi neyomileyo. Xa unyawo lo mlilo, ejongene Indian Ocean, imvula kuba ngaphezu kumathambeka yasentshona. East African Plateau - kukho amathafa agudle, nto leyo ilawulwa amathafa nemihlaba yeenkuni. izityalo Plantation inabela ezinobude ka-1800 m izityalo gumbini -. zengca, amatyholo, Baobabs abangatshatanga, nemingampunzi isambrela kunye nezinye imithi. Xa izilwane leMpuma Afrika esilawulwa ungulates herbivorous, ezitya inyama, neentaka zamanzi.

Xa amathafa kuvuka izakhiwo ziintubi, ngokufuthi wafumana iinyoka, namacilikishe kunye amafudo. Kumantla Tanzania yolula nduli enkulu mlilo kunye Crater (Caldara) Ngorongoro ubukhulu kwihlabathi-adumileyo km 22. Emazantsi - Lake Magadi, Savannah Biosphere Reserve yegama elifanayo. Kule nxalenye kwelizwekazi (ukuya entshona komgodi Ngorongoro Highlands) ifumaneka Olduvai Gorge, apho kwafunyanwa iintsalela abantu bamandulo ababephila 2 million. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, amathambo ezilwanyana kubulawa ngawo, nezamazembe ilitye ibizezamandulo kunye scrapers.

Mlilo, kunye amathafa aseAfrika kwatsala inani elikhulu abakhenkethi abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi. I-flow inkulu ke kungena kwixesha ukususela ngoJuni ukuya kuSeptemba. Kuba ukufunda kunye nokulondolozwa yonke iyantlukwano endalo, umbutho uKhenketho kwiinduli East African wadala iipaki ezinkulu zesizwe kunye noovimba.