Usapho eTsalimon. Types of salmon

Iisalmon intsapho yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo phakathi iintlanzi yorhwebo. nomnikelo wazo zomlomo iipropati eyingenelo, kuba iqulathe omega-3. esibathathayo yazo yokudla emzimbeni womntu sehlise izinga cholesterol egazini, kwaye inceda ukuthintela izifo ezahlukeneyo nemithambo yegazi.

Inkcazelo usapho

Iisalmon mkhaya intlanzi kunye kunokuba evuthelweyo, umzimba enamaxolo. intloko ze, ajike abangekhoyo. Eyona nkalo iphambili olwahlula le ntsapho iintlanzi - ubukho adipose fin, apho kungekho kukhanya. Kwakhona kufuneka ephikweni amanakani, kukho phakathi imitha-10 ukuya ku-16. Eyes iintlanzi salmon wambu ezineziciko ngaphaya. Iimazi kufuneka amaqanda amaqanda ungena lweHo- emzimbeni, kwaye ukusukela nge imingxuma - emanzini. Chonga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo salmon, kodwa bonke babe phawu omnye. Abantu bayakwazi ukutshintsha imbonakalo yazo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zeendawo ezikuzo, kwakunye wabo umjikelo wobomi. Umzekelo, inkangeleko yabo uba ezahlukeneyo ngexesha amaqanda. Kuyokwenzeka ngokukhethekileyo utshintsho eyindoda bazifumanela uhlobo zamasiko yomtshato. umbala wabo izimvi uba nezinala kunye namabala abangasekhoyo magenta emnyama, ebomvu okanye eqaqambileyo. Isikhumba coarsens, buqina izikali. Emihlathini kruthu, ukukhula amazinyo. Ngasemva kukho idolo. Abaphandi kukho iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo imbonakalo liyaphapha fish zizalele nakuzo. Abanye bathi oku ukuba abuyele inkangeleko wookhokho babo, enye - ukuba yintshukumo hormone, abanye bakholelwa ukuba le yenguqu yenza kube lula ukutsala ababhinqileyo.

ngezigaba

usapho, amalungu kufuneka abe inyama emnandi kakhulu kwaye nokunesondlo, nesalmon zahlulwe subfamilies ezimbini:

• Eneneni salmon;
• Whitefish.

Abameli subfamily whitefish zahluke umlomo encinane, isikali ezinkulu iimpawu isakhiwo yokakayi. Zahlelwa iintlanzi ubandakanyeka salmon, yaye bobakhe uhlanga oluthile:

• Pacific salmon zifumaneka wePasifiki. Nesikali amaqanda eliphakathi ertyisi okanye ezincinane, enkulu ebomvu-orange. Inkalo ubomi ezi ntlanzi kukufa zabo emva kokuba amaqanda. Iintlobo salmon kwalo tihookeansomu uhlobo: chuma, nesalmon pink, coho salmon, chinook, sockeye.

• Ezi salmon ziye mfutshane equlathe imitha ezimbalwa fin Pacific kunoogxa babo. iintaka Young babe namazinyo Ezomva amathambo nezembe. Le ntlanzi zatshintsha imbonakalo yakhe njengesiqhelo i "impahla lomtshato" ngexesha amaqanda, kodwa akazange kufa emva kwakhe. Baya bahlala kwiindawo ezisemantla-Atlantic, i-Pacific Oceans. Baya Izakufunyanwa kuLwandle Black, i-Aral, lweCaspian kunye eBaltic Seas. Kuba real salmon uphawu isikali imibala eqaqambileyo.

• Loaches nawo yinxalenye yentsapho salmon, uluhlu lwamagama abo, nangona nje olukhulu njengoko le salmon wePasifiki. Kuzenza uyafana salmon lenene, kodwa ke abameli balo azinazo amazinyo ukuya nezembe ithambo umbala eliqaqambileyo namabala.

salmon pink

Kubalulekile iintlanzi ukutya yentsapho salmon - salmon. Yeyona abameli kakhulu emininzi Pacific salmon. Iisalmon olu hlobo eliphakathi-ertyisi, ukufikelela elide ubuninzi 76 cm, ubunzima lwabo eliphezulu - 5.5 kg. It ezikuyo uLwandle esemantla Japan, kude nonxweme eKamchatka kwi kuLwandle Okhotsk. Umfanekiso salmon kuyahlukana nedlela indawo nokuhlala kwakhe. Elwandle, intlanzi uye izikali eliqaqambileyo ngasemva ezininzi amabala amnyama amancinci. Njengoko sisondela salmon amaqanda kunye ekuhleni emlanjeni (salmon, njengoko natshoyo ukuguqula inkangeleko zazo ngeli xesha) iba mdaka, intloko kunye amaphiko - phantse amnyama. Nje isisu igcina umbala ukukhanya endala. Into eyindoda kwindawo umva ikhula idolo enkulu kakhulu iguqulwe umhlathi, apho kukho amazinyo.

Iminyaka yokuphila salmon opinki - 18 iinyanga. Ngomnyaka wesibini phantse bonke abantu babe aqolileyo ngesondo, balungiselela ukuba ujungujungu. Oku kwenzeka ukususela ngoJuni ukuya kuSeptemba, ixesha lixhomekeke yokuhlala. iindawo zidala zibekwe phezu komlambo, usondele kakhulu elwandle. Kulo mba, indlela kubo salmon kuthatha ixesha ngaphantsi kakhulu namanye amalungu salmon wePasifiki. ubushushu amanzi emilanjeni besasaza - ukusuka degrees-6 ukuya kweli-14. Caviar-yalibala iimazi besasaza iifom nesisu. Ekupheleni September, iqala phandle kwindawo, okuhlala, ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha amaqanda, kude ngoJanuwari. Ukususela ku-Apreli ukuya kuJulayi, kukho intshukumo kwi Qhotsa elwandle. Okokuqala, ukuba ibekwe amachweba, zisiwa amanzi onxweme. Ngo-Oktobha, ngokuqhelekileyo uqala ebudeni bobomi babo elwandle.

inja-salmon

Enye ebalulekileyo lorhwebo ixabiso iintlanzi - a chuma, ifoto apho zifumaneka iincwadi zezifundo eziphilayo. Sihlala kuyo yonke North Pacific. Fish inombala yesilivere, nto leyo etshintsha kunye amaqanda ezayo. Izikali mnyama, emzimbeni kuvela eludaka. Ngu ekuqaleni ntlanzi zidala iba phantse omnyama, umbala utshintsho, nkqu inkalakahla kunye nolwimi. Keta, iifoto eyenziwa ngexesha ibele, yahluke kakhulu ukusuka kwelinye echaziweyo ixesha angena kulo mlambo. Abameli beli ntlobo zahlulwe iintlobo zasehlotyeni nasekwindla. Keta ihlobo iqhubeka besasaza ekuqaleni Julayi - yee-Agasti. Ifikelela ubude ubuninzi 80 cm. Le ekwindla chuma salmon ikhula-1 m, ubunzima bayo nalo ngaphezulu kwe lelentaka zehlobo. Le ntlanzi ujungujungu ekupheleni Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSeptemba. Chum up imilambo ungaphezulu kakhulu salmon, indlela kaninzi kuthatha ixesha elininzi. Ngenxa yoko, le ntlanzi ujungujungu sele phantsi uqweqwe lomkhenkce. Kulo mzekelo, kuba chuma ehlotyeni mva kukho amathuba ukufa ngenxa qhwa enzulu nemisinga, apho kwakha amaqanda ayo. Autumn chuma zizala kwiindawo apho amanzi umhlaba musa ngumkhenkce okungaka, ngoko uqhotse kuzosa entlakohlaza, xa bathe nakuphuma tubercles zidala wehla waya elwandle.

salmon ebomvu

iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi unalo usapho salmon. Abameli Pacific salmon - sockeye. Eyona yanwenwa le ntlanzi kufuphi nonxweme American ye-Pacific Ocean. Isixa esikhulu yayo ibhalwe Alaska. Ngomhla kwintsimi sockeye lethu lizwe anqabe kakhulu chuma okanye salmon pink. Le ntlanzi iza ikakhulu kwi imilambo eKamchatka kunye Anadyr. Kwakhona le ntlanzi exabisekileyo usapho salmon batyelela River Kurile, Commander Islands. inyama yayo ebomvu eliqaqambileyo ngebala, emihle, incasa ngokupheleleyo-eyomeleleyo.

Ngeli xesha kwakhe ubomi sockeye salmon baselwandle inombala ubuhle umzimba, kuphela emva ezi imivumbo emnyama oluhlaza. ukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo kovela ixesha lokukhwela. Pisces ukubiza ingqalelo ngokwabo macala obomvu oqaqambileyo, intloko eluhlaza kunye amaphiko obubomvu. Uphawu zikhwelwe kalula pink kunye chuma nesalmon in black ngebala sockeye phantse namnye. Kukho kuphela amabala encinane emnyama umsila okanye emzimbeni. Zidala iqala ekuqaleni, ngokuqhelekileyo ngoMeyi okanye ngoJuni kwaye sihlala kude kuphele ihlobo. Inxalenye enkulu abatsha esehlela elwandle de kunyaka olandelayo emva kokukhutshwa amaqanda, nto leyo ethatha indawo phakathi ku-ebusika. Abanye abantu asale emlanjeni iminyaka ukuya ku-3. Noko ke, kukho abo benze ekuhleni elwandle kangangonyaka liphuma amaqanda. Ukuqola sockeye ifikelele kunyaka-6 zobomi.

coho

inkoliso salmon Pacific Coho uthanda ubushushu. Ngomhla umda welizwe lethu akuxhaphakanga, elunxwemeni Asia Pacific Ocean ziphawulwe utyelelo ubukhulu becala manqapha zezi iintlanzi ezisemlanjeni. Lidla ifumaneka kuphela eKamchatka. A isici esasenza coho salmon - emaxolweni kwaso ubuhle. Ngexesha zidala, kuba nangemisonto ebomvu. Xa coho ubude besukelana malunga 84 cm, avareji ubungakanani abantu -. 60 cm xa besasaza coho ifike emva kwexesha - ekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Eli xesha ithatha malunga kude kube ngoMatshi. Zidala lalidla ngokuba phantsi kwe ice uqweqwe. amaqanda Qhotsa emva kweminyaka 1-2 lokuphila emlanjeni, uze oluwe elwandle. Eli xesha wobomi coho mfutshane. Kunyaka wesithathu abantu uqole ngokwesondo baze bafe emva amaqanda.

chinook

King salmon ummeli inkulu usapho salmon. Ubude bayo 90 cm nge-avareji, kodwa kukwakho abantu kakhulu ezinkulu zalishumi-50 kg. Ngaphandle koku, i-Chinook inexabiso yorhwebo ezibalulekileyo, njengoko inani eRashiya iphantsi kwilizwe lethu. Kukhawulela ukumkani salmon kwi kunxweme Asian Pacific kuphela imilambo eKamchatka, apho kuza ujungujungu. Yena kuqala phakathi ku-Meyi kuze kuqhube ehlotyeni. Chinook salmon zizala lula kwemisinga enamandla, njengokuba ngenxa yobukhulu balo uyakwazi ukumelana naye kakuhle. lenza umngxuma umsila kwi shingle, nto leyo ibeka amaqanda ayo. Le Qhotsa zifumaneka emlanjeni elide ngokwaneleyo, ngoko ndikuqengqe uhle uye elwandle. Eli xesha ebomini Chinook siyakrazula emi-4 ukuya kwelesi-7.

salmon nengqondo

Le salmon amanene badla ngokuba salmon. Le ntlanzi elikhulu efikelela kubude malunga 1.5 yeemitha. ubunzima bayo ke ngoko ukuya ku-39 kg. Faka umbala salmon amanene yesilivere, ngaphezu nje umgca osecaleni ibekwe ezimbalwa amabala amnyama embhoxo ifomu yakhe ileta "X". Amacala esikalini omzimba abe ithinti oluhlaza. Nagulivayas elwandle, feed nesalmon yeentlanzi encinane, intlanzi. Xa kuqala zidala intlanzi yeka ukutya ngokupheleleyo yaye uye phantsi esemlanjeni entle ezibhityileyo. Wedding eneenkontsho ayikho ekhululekile kakhulu. Nguye lo mnyama lwezi zinto scales emzimbeni kunye ukubonakala amabala-orenji. Zidala kuthatha indawo, kuxhomekeke ezihlala iintlanzi ukuwa okanye ebusika. Iisalmon ibhadi ikhula kancinane, kwaye Qhotsa ziyaphuma kuphela entlakohlaza kade - ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Noko ke, ihlala ixesha elide ukuphila emanzini ahlaziyekileyo. Ixesha lokukhululwa kwabo elwandle yahluka ukusuka kwiminyaka 1 ukuya kwisi-5. Abadala kufa emva zidala akusoloko, ezinye intlanzi, nangona ebalulekileyo Ukwehla kobunzima kunye amaphiko lweso, ukuze abuyele elwandle. Apho ngokukhawuleza kudliwa waza wambuyisela, lo gama kwakhona besasaza salmon amanene iqatshelwe kakhulu ezinqabileyo. Le ntlanzi Zinokuphila zide zibe neminyaka-13.

salmon wemifula

Wemifula, okanye nesalmon-trout, zingahlukaniswa ukusuka umbala amanene salmon. Amatshatshazi umzimba wakhe ibekwe ngaphezulu nangaphantsi komgca lateral. Kwi intloko amaphiko zilungiswe ngeenxa namabala amnyama. Uhlala trout kuLwandle Black, i-ulwandle iBaltic, uLwandle Aral. Noko ke, Akayi kukuhlumisa yini na ukuba imfuduko kakhulu njengoko inxulumene kakhulu ngamanzi ahlaziyekileyo. Ubude trout ifikelela cm-30 ukuya kuma-70 ubunzima bomzimba ukusuka kg-1 ukuya kwisi-5. Mu kuya kwa nshita salmon amanene, nesalmon trout, uza ujungujungu, iyaqhubeka ukutya, nangona nje kakhulu njengoko olwandle. Qhotsa ikhule ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuya ku-7, uze uye elwandle.

echibini wemifula

Lake trout - a trout ongekho ngaphaya imilambo namachibi. Ezi iintlanzi eziphila emanzini ecacileyo ukubanda zizala emilanjeni kunye ngoku fast angena echibini. umbala wayo ngexesha ukondla trout kufana trout. Ngexesha zidala lonyaka ukutshintsha umbala, kukho impahla yomtshato. Iimazi babe esikalini emnyama eqaqambileyo, eyindoda kuvela kuye njenge imivumbo-orenji emnyama. Kwaye itshintsha umbala amaphiko. Xa iimazi, baba mnyama kwaye eyinqaba ventral kumadoda iba pink okanye orange eliqaqambileyo.

loach

Kukho abo salmon, abamagama ezinxulumene ngqo inkangeleko yazo. Loaches, umzekelo, got igama sibonga ayo esikalini ezincinane, ngenxa kuyo umzimba lwabo iyabonakala ze. Bona saa ngokubanzi ngokwaneleyo. In Magadan and ena, kukho malunga 10 iintlobo zeentlanzi ubandakanyeka salmon. Loaches inokuba bushing, leyo yalusele elwandle, kwakunye zokuhlala. Le yokugqibela akanakuze hamba uye elwandle, abanye bade nokuphila zifumaneka emachibini, emi amanzi kunye amaqanda kwenzeka.