Uxinzelelo epheleleyo Nature and Technology

Ingcinezelo - ubungakanani physics, nto leyo ebonisa ubudlelwane ixabiso lenani yomkhosi osebenza kwi iyunithi yamkelwe kumphezulu ethile. Kuthathwa ukuba icala la mandla ncam nkqo ukuya kwindawo ngaphezulu. Ukuba inkqubo SI, nto leyo yamkelwe yi kumazwe amaninzi ico, amandla mba Newton okanye amandla kilogram, kwaye ndawo - iisentimitha square (iimillimitha, meters), sifumana:

P = F / S = N / cm2 = Pa

Pascal - le yenye iintlobo lwamaxabiso (asetyenziswe kubunjineli yemvelo). Ngokubanzi, amaxabiso ziboniswe MPA - megapascals. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu ukunciphisa inani amaqanda. "Atmosphere" badla ukusebenzisa elide ngobugcisa nobomi bemihla ngemihla. koxinzelelo Absolute kwakunye isizalwane, lungabaleka kwi "umoya" Pa, kunye nezinye iiyunithi.

Ukuziqhelisa, igama elithi "umoya" nalo magama ezimbalwa: umgangatho kunye nobugcisa. Standard, umoya ngokwasemzimbeni okanye eziqhelekileyo yonyulwa "ATM" (zikho) kunye nexabiso standard - 101325 Pa, oko kuthetha noxinzelelelo HG kwinqanaba lolwandle kwakunye lobushushu 0 Degrees Celsius. Unako kwakhona ungazifumanela uluvo 760 mm.rt.s. (MmHg). umoya Technical akunanto yakwenza koxinzelelo ingundoqo elide njengoko has inkcazelo eyahlukileyo kunye neyunithi "AT" (ATI). Le nkcazelo ithi: "amandla wenza perpendicularly kwi ubunzima (1 kg) kunye ukukhawulezisa omxhuzulane (1G) ngokufanayo nganye unit ndawo (1 cm2)."

Kukhona ezithile:

uxinzelelo Absolute - xi kulinganiswa kuthelekiswa ingundoqo zero - lwepolitiki (zikho).

Uxinzelelo isalamane - xi kulinganiswa kuthelekiswa kwisibhakabhaka eqhelekileyo (ATM).

uxinzelelo kakhulu - Ungafaka yomibini Yingcambu, okanye umahluko (psig).

rhoqo ingcamango ngokupheleleyo, yaye ingcinezelo uyazimela njengoko iintlobo ezimbini kuphela. Enyanisweni, kukho umahluko omkhulu kwemfuneko kwaye azinawo amandla isalamane. Oku amathuba ezininzi zokuthetha baqhele kakhulu ukuba ukusebenzisa iingcali ishishini elithile.

Makhe sibuyele ingcamango xi epheleleyo. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, kuba sisalathisi ngokupheleleyo, okt ukusuka kwiqanda ngokwasemzimbeni. Oku kufana isikali kumgca - kwakho umlinganiselo 0 kangakanani ufuna. Kwindalo, le ngcamango kunqabile kusetyenziswa izibalo, kuba "elwandle" uhlale sele kukho uxinzelelo. Ngoko ke, kuya kuba lula ngakumbi ukuba umlinganiselo kuye. Umzekelo, uxinzelelo sidinwe imoto yakho inkosi Igaraji ikuxelela emoyeni (iimoto malunga 2.2 ATM). Iisilinda nabo babe unit - emoyeni, kodwa zobugcisa. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa usebenzisa umahluko kubalulekile.

Ngokwahlukeneyo, ziphawuleka ukuba uxinzelelo lomoya kunye nokuphakama, kakade, ziyahluka. koxinzelelo Ukutshintsha kuphelele kwaye isalamane ngokuqhelekileyo zonke sekhilomitha. Ukuchaza oko, kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo yonke imiba zangaphandle: iqondo lobushushu, lexinene kukukhawuleziswa ukuwa free. Ezi data ye ukuphakama umgangatho. Bona zishwankathelwe etafileni lonikezelo uxinzelelo eziphakamileyo, okanye zinganikezelwa ngohlobo iigrafu. Olu lwazi uluncedo kwi abayili eziphambili moya (LA). Ekubeni LA enoluhlu yokusebenza ye yokuphakama ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-12 km (umkhweli). Kwaye, ngoko, zonke iinkqubo, oomatshini kunye iinjini moya umsebenzi kufuneka zenzelwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimeko ezahlukeneyo yokusingqongileyo.

Kwihlabathi ukusebenzisa amaxabiso awahlukeneyo, apho ilinganiswe njenge kakhulu, yaye ingcinezelo elipheleleyo. Konke kuxhomekeke kummandla weendawo isicelo. Ngezantsi chain ezingundoqo kwiiyunithi ingcinezelo:

1 Pa = 9.87 * 10-6 ATM. = 1.02 ngo. = 1,02 kg / cm2 = 10-5 bar = 1,45 * 10-4 PSI =

= 7,5 * 10-3 mm HG = 0,120 mm.vod.st

Njengoko sibonile, uluhlu iiyunithi xi mkhulu kakhulu. Kolu luhlu, amazwe ico, eyona rhoqo Pa, ATM., Al., Kg / cm2, mmHg

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uxinzelelo eme ndawonye iyonke zifumaneka kwindalo kunye neenkqubo. uxinzelelo static - xi leyo ulinganiswa yi yokusebenza flow fluid (ngamanye amazwi, uxinzelelo bayo bendalo). Uxinzelelo iyonke (uxinzelelo yemida braked) - kukho uxinzelelo akalinganiswa ngqo kwi umlambo (ngamanye ngexesha unyathela phambi woluvo flow).

Uxinzelelo iimpembelelo indoda kangangoko ngaphezu ubushushu, ekubeni iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni womntu uba bucala ethile, yaye ingcinezelo - lincinane kakhulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto abantu abadala abagulayo ziyivela kakhulu kwinguqu uxinzelelo. yokulinganisa for hydrometeorological - - barometers ukulungiselela iinjongo zobugcisa, a xi izixhobo.