Silver (metal): imihlaba, i ifoto. Indlela yokubona isiliva

Silver - metal (photo bona ngezantsi), leyo yenye ezinqabileyo imichiza. Oku ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa ngokwenza izacholo.

Noko ke, isilivere - sisinyithi, ukuba unalo a Umda enkulu. Ngaphandle ayenzi i cinematography kunye amayeza, nokufota engineering. Sebenzisa i isilivere, kwaye njengesixhobo utyalo-mali. Kule nkalo, akukho ngaphantsi ngegolide. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, isilivere isoloko isetyenziswa yi abatyali diversify iingozi.

Isilivere njengento imichiza

Silver - metal okanye non-metal? Kakade ke, metal. Kwaye ukuqinisekisa oku inkqubo ngamaxesha athile, Mendeleev yaqulunqwa. Fumana metal ibe kwiqela layo lokuqala. Inani lonyanzeliso zesilivere - 47. weight sayo atomic ngu 107,8682.

Silver - metal ezindilekileyo, equka izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo ezimbini. It 107Ag ne 109Ag. Ngaphezu koko, isayensi evulekileyo ngenxa ngaphezu mathathu isomers kunye ezineeathom radioactive zesilivere, apho amanani yobunzima bazo, ukusuka 99 ukuya 123. Uninzi ezintlanu ezi elide-waphila - 109Ag - unalo enesiqingatha ubomi iminyaka 130.

Imvelaphi yegama

Silver - Metal, leyo kwatsala ingqalelo yabantu kumaxesha amandulo. Igama "siliva" livela kwigama nesiSanskriti "Argenta". Kuthetha "ukukhanya". Latin "Argentum" (isilivere) unawo iingcambu efanayo. Kodwa le ulwimi, lithetha "white."

Silver - metal amanene, yaye abazange kudlula icala abenzi bamachiza. Kumaxesha amandulo, ziye zasungula indlela ukulungiselela uncedo lwesi sakhi zendalo.

In Russian of intsimbi yaziwa ngokuba "siliva", e IsiNgesi kuvakala ngathi "siliva", isiJamani - "Zilber". Onke la mazwi evela Indian "Sarpa" yamandulo uthetha inyanga. Le yokuchaza le ilula. ubumenyemenye yesilivere wakhumbuza abantu abasibaneki umzimba twisiseka yasezulwini.

Imbali metal amanene

Silver uyiqhelile eluntwini ukususela kwixesha lakudala. Umhla ngqo amazwe yayo ayaziwa. Noko ke, imithombo ebhaliweyo abonisa ukuba le metal ngezihombo yenziwa yi ngamaYiputa amandulo. Ngelo xesha, isilivere na anqabe ngaphezu kwegolide kwaye ngoko zixabisa kakhulu aphezulu.

Ezimayini kuqala nezokukhupha lwesi sakhi yendalo yasekwa amaFenike phambi kwexesha lethu. Development kwenzeka eSipro Corsica, kwakunye eSpeyin.

Njengoko izinto ngelo xesha yesilivere kubaluleke fabulously imali eninzi. Umzekelo, yamandulo iRoma enekona akanaso le ityuwa leyo metal ezintle. Kutheni lifuneka nje into eqhelekileyo hlobo indalo ukuze ezazithandwa ngabantu? Inyaniso yokuba uluntu wayesazi kuphela metal lweenkobe. Fumana kwakunzima kakhulu. Oku kwathintela emanzini, nto leyo ibandakanya zonke zike patina emnyama.

indawo Ivula kwimbali zesilivere waqala imifuniselo lwenziwa abenzi bamachiza ephakathi. Injongo yemifuniselo yaba ukufumana igolide nayiphi na isinyithi. Ngaloo baseYurophu abakwazi bekhupha isiliva evela iikhompawundi yayo izakhi ezahlukeneyo imichiza (iarseniki, chlorine, njalo njalo).

Kumabali indima yesilivere ebalulekileyo edlalwa loo mntu njengoko Scheele, Paracelsus et al. Abaphandi Data kuphandwa isilivere (metal), ngeempawu iikhompawundi. Ngenxa yoko, kwenziwe izigqibo umdla. Ngenxa yoko, le nto iye yaqinisekisa ukuba i element uye iipropati zintsholongwane zendalo ezibe zibonwa ngamaxesha amandulo. Umzekelo, amaxhwele zaseYiputa nesiliva yasetyenziswa ekunyangeni amanxeba ukuthintela ukwakhiwa ubofu kuzo. Iipropati High antibacterial yale metal zahlolwa kwaye izikhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, ukutyhubela iinkulungwane lihambisana ezisemgangathweni zexabiso izitya kwaba Stars. Ngelo xesha uluntu ephuculweyo ndlela echazwe imveliso metal, nto leyo yabangela kakhulu zitshiphu.

Silver iye isetyenziswe kwaye njengendlela sentlawulo. Ukuze wenze oku, wakha lwemali. Oko amaRashiya besilivere zinyanzelekile ukuba uchaze igama unit malini. Kuba izibalo e Russia iziqa off umlinganiselo onguwo bullion zesilivere. yokuba igama elithi "engange 'yaye weza ukusetyenziswa leyo.

iipropati ngokomzimba

Silver - i but is ductile kwaye ethambileyo. Ukususela gram yayo kwenye kolulwa soboya kakhulu, ubude eya kuba phantse ezimbini km.

Silver - metal enzima ukuba ukuxinana 10.5 grams nganye sentimitha cc. Kuba esi salathisi, i element kancinci nje kunguhata ukukhokela.

Silver - Metal, ayinazo olulinganayo Unikezelo lombane kunye thermal. Kungenxa yoko le nto itshiswe ngokukhawuleza icephe ashushu iglasi yamanzi owenziwe le nto.

Zeziphi ezinye izakhiwo kufuneka isilivere? Yintoni na le metal ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa yi bejewellery? Silver - material apho umsebenzi kulula kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubuchule layo ukunyibilika kubushushu degrees 962. Eli xabiso liphantsi kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ingxubevange yesilivere ngokulula nezinye izinyithi ezininzi ukutshintsha iimpawu zayo. Ngenxa yoko, copper kungandisa yobulukhuni i element ductile zendalo. Xa kudityaniswa isilivere uba ubulungeleyo ukwenziwa kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo.

Le element isimanga ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha kwiincwadi zakhe di Mendeleev. Wathi kulo, ukujonga ukuba izixa-isilivere metal phakathi kwabanye. Okokuqala, icandelo amanene le azakubalulwa umbala omhlophe ngakumbi acwengileyo. Ukongeza, isilivere ithambe kakhulu kangangokuba uthambekele ekubeni lingonakali.

iipropati chemical

Indlela yokwahlukanisa ngensimbi yesilivere kwiimveliso esele zenziwe? Amakhonkco, amatyathanga, icephe, ifolokhwe, abanini ikomityi kunye zemali yamandulo ekugqibeleni lwathi shwaka, baze babuyele emnyama. Isizathu soku uba ukuboniswa kwabo emanzini. zifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe kuphela umthombo amaqanda abolileyo. Emanzini ibalaselisa irabha kunye ezithile iipholima. A ukusabela chemical kwenzeka phambi ukufuma ethile. Phezu komhlaba amanqaku ngaloo uyila umboniso entle kakhulu emanzini. Ekuqaleni, ngenxa kumdlalo ukukhanya kubonakala kamnandi. Nangona kunjalo, le filimu emanzini ebegqwese eqinileyo. It mnyama, utshintsha umbala wayo esintsundu uze abamnyama.

Silver emanzini ayikwazi kutshatyalaliswa ngexesha ubushushu obugqithisileyo, inyibilike asidi alkalis. Ukuba ifilimu akukho obukhulu kakhulu, luthe lwancothulwa ngendlela ngomatshini. Le mveliso kwanele intlama Polish okanye umgubo ngamanzi anesepha ukubuyela kuyo ukuze evutha.

Indlela yokwahlukanisa ngensimbi yesilivere ngezinye iindlela? Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa abasabela imichiza. element Noble kube lula iqhawulwa asidi ezithile. Oku shushu yagxila nitric kunye sulphuric, kwakunye iodine hydrobromic acid. Ukuba indlela yemichiza phakathi isilivere zehydrochloric acid phambi ioksijini wadlula, ngoko japan sayo iya kuba halides yesinyithi isakhiwo amanene.

Silver modem kunye hydrogen ne-nitrogen. It modem kunye carbon. Ngokubhekiselele phosphorus, oko kuchaphazela isilivere, ukuya nje amaqondo ebomvu-shushu apho phosphide. Kodwa intsimbi gray elixabisekileyo Lize kakhulu lula. Phezu ubushushu, ezi zinto kwakheka emanzini. Le into efanayo zingafumaneka kwimeko sesichengeni eli sulphur metal sukube ashushu.

Of umdla zisabela eekhemikhali intsimbi amanene mpilo. Naye isilivere modem, kodwa ukunyibilikisa isixa esikhulu yerhasi zingabonwa. Le impahla metal ngokubeka amalahle kunegalelo ukuvela eyingozi kakhulu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye umbono omhle. Le zokutshiza zesilivere. Le meko iye kwaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo.

Silver - metal, ogama iimpawu ukuvumela oko, ezifana negolide, usabele lula aqua regia, kunye zehydrochloric acid befumile chlorine. Ngenxa yoko sokungamelani enjalo iwela i kwenze ezingenakunyibilika, njengokuba ngokuvimba chloride enyibilikayo yenziwe. Ezi umahluko ukuziphatha isilivere negolide lidla setyenziswa ukwahlula kubo.

metal yenyanga ekwaziyo unyityilikiswa sulphuric acid yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano. Noko ke, le isilivere kufuneka luyacolwa hlanganyela nabo mpilo.

I-metal amanene songanyibilikisswa izisombululo zolwelo emhlabeni obrak kunye siyanadzi zesinyithi kwealkali, xa ifumile ngokwaneleyo kunye nomoya. Ukusabela okufanayo yaye yahlangana isisombululo zolwelo of thiourea zesilivere, ezo i ityuwa yentsimbi.

Zithako metal yenyanga, bakholisa ukuba inani lokuqala entle igcwala. Ezinye iinxenye zale index ufikelela ixabiso ababini okanye abathathu. Noko ke, loo iikhompawundi yesilivere akukho eluncedo.

ngokobugcisa

Silver - metal (bona ngezantsi ifoto), esemfuleni izinto eziphilayo eziqulathwe izihlandlo ezintandathu ngaphantsi emhlabeni. Ngamanye amazwi, le element alibhekiseli eziphilayo.

Noko ke, kukho imali encinane ion ezintle zesilivere ukwanele ukuhamba iinkqubo ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, kumaxesha amandulo eyaziwa ngokuba ukukwazi ukuthoba uyondelelwano lwee- olu abe nempembelelo bactericidal kwi amanzi okusela. imali encinci enje of ion njengoko milligrams-0.05 ilitha nganye, inikeza umsebenzi ngokwaneleyo elwa. amanzi ngolo kusetyenziswe ngaphandle koloyiko impilo yabo. Loo nto inika umdla incasa, Noko ke, kuhlala ingatshintshanga.

Ukuba kulwelo uye mlligrams 0.1 yelitha ion zesilivere nganye, kunokwenzeka ukuba ndinimisele unyaka omnye. Kodwa akufuneki phantsi ngamanzi abilayo. lobushushu eliphezulu kukhokelela ekubeni le ion zesilivere baphola.
Ipropati bactericidal le element amanene ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise ngayo ngokubanzi ukuze abilayo amanzi okusela. Ngenxa yoko, kwezinye izihluzi zasekhaya silvered carbon iyasebenza. Eli candelo lichaza ithamo okungenamsebenzi kuliyeza ion emanzini.

ikhono yesilivere elwa ifumana isicelo sawo kweentsholongwane kumadama okuqubha. Bona amanzi igcwaliswe bromide metal. Low lamanani AgBr (0,08 mg / l) ukuba akanangozi ebantwini kwaye uqhwalelisa ukuya lisiza kunye amagciwane izifo.

Singenza njani ecacisa inyathelo bactericidal of unako zesilivere? Inyaniso yokuba ezichaphazela ubomi eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, kokuphazamisa zabo ehlanganisa bemvelo. Yiloo nto kanye izenzo zesilivere. Yeyiphi metal isekhona iyakwazi le nto? Phakathi izinto ezinjalo, umzekelo, mercury. Yena, isiliva, - metal enzima, Noko ke, kuba ayityhefu kakhulu. chloride Mercuric kulula enyibilikayo emanzini, babe yingozi kwimpilo yabantu. Kuye iimpawu ezifanayo nobhedu.

Imiphumela emibi zesilivere

Kudla ngokuthi iziyobisi, nto leyo luncedo abantu iingedosi ezincinane, kuba sibulale ezininzi. Ezi zinto ekunokuthiwa, nesilivere. Ngokomfuniselo wabonisa ukuba iimali ezinkulu ion yesinyithi kunganciphisa indlela amajoni omzimba izilwanyana zovavanyo, ukwenza utshintsho ezingalunganga kwi-luvo kunye inyama nemithambo zobuchopho. Nkqu lidle ezinkulu sonakale isibindi, lengqula kunye kwizintso. Ukuziqhelisa, kwakukho iimeko xa abantu yityhefu kwimveliso zesilivere, nto leyo wayehamba ukuphazamiseka kakhulu engqondweni. Ngethamsanqa, le element lulula kwakuthe yi umzimba.

Yimeko yezifo ezibangelwa metal kwenyanga

Xa yezonyango kukho imeko engaqhelekanga ebizwa argyria. Livela umntu kwimeko iminyaka emininzi yobomi bakhe yasebenza isilivere okanye iityuwa yayo. Ezi zinto ke esidla ngeedosi ezincinane ephilayo, nokunqanda zomzimba nokuqina, kwakunye kwi ezindongeni emithanjeni ezintso, lomongo wethambo kunye udakada. Phezu iimpawu zangaphandle yale ngezifo khorwisaka ndithi ngezantsi imifanekiso.

Silver - Metal, ngokuthe ngcembe oluhlala kwi inwebu yangaphakathi kwaye eluswini, amnike umbala oluhlaza okanye zizimvi eluhlaza. Kulo mzekelo, Kukhazimlayo ingakumbi kwezo ndawo omzimba zibethwa ukukhanya. Ngamanye amaxesha umbala ulusu kangangokuba watshintsha ukuba umntu uba ngathi i-Afrika.

uphuhliso Argyria kade kakhulu. iimpawu zayo sibe buqapheleke emva kweminyaka emibini ukuya kwemine umsebenzi rhoqo ngesiliva. Le mnyama enamandla awayezibona eminyaka. Okokuqala, ukutshintsha umbala komlomo, iitempile, conjunctiva iso. Emva koko kube mnyama iinkophe. iintsini amaxesha zipeyintwe kunye kwiinwebu kwisisu zomlomo, kunye nail umngxuma. Argyria maxa wambi wabonakalaliswa ngokohlobo amabala eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amancinci.

Fumana ubuncothule sifo kwaye ubuyisele ibala ayikwazi ukuba mdala. Nakuba kunjalo, ukongeza ukuphazamiseka izithambiso yangaphandle, isigulana akuthethi ukukhalazela yonke into. Kungenxa yoko le nto Argir na imiqathango kuphela ingqalelo isifo. Kule sifo linenzuzo. A umntu ngokoqobo buzane zesilivere, akazange abaphethwe zizifo ezosulelayo. Ukuphila ukubulala onke ion nghena kwamagciwane umzimba.

izinyithi ezifanayo

Silver - metal ezinemibala, nto leyo maxa wambi kunzima ukwahlula ukusuka ezifanayo kuyo ngembonakalo. Oku kwenza kube nzima, kodwa yokwenene kakhulu.

Metal, ezifana isilivere, unokuba igolide emhlophe, isilivere nickel okanye aluminium. Njani umahluko phakathi kwabo? Ukumisela imveliso wabumba ngegolide, ngesiliva, okanye abamhlophe kuphela iingcali aziyo ezo nkcukacha lwezi methali. Yenze ngokwakho ekhaya ayikhuthazwa.

Ngokwangaphandle, insimbi zimbini ziyafana kakhulu. Isibakala sokuba ingxubevange igolide Elimhlophe ipesenti ephezulu zesilivere. Yokwahlukanisa iimveliso ezenziwe ezi zibonelelo zokufunda othengisa kuphela uzakubala lexinene yokuqala.

Silver - metal elimfusa, elithanda kubhidaniswe nickel yesilivere. Le yokugqibela i intsila nickel, ukukhokela nangobhedu. Kudla Melchior - production zesilivere okumisele iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa. Indlela ukwahlula "intsimbi phantsi isilivere"? Okokuqala, kufuneka siqwalasele ngenyameko imveliso ekhoyo. Kwi isilivere German akayi kuma kwetyala. On iimveliso ezifana wabeka kuphela brand "ISC", nto leyo ibonisa ukwakhiwa i intsila (nobhedu, nickel kunye nelothe). ingxubevange Silver kwahlukile lexinene ubunzima. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu onako ukunizimasa kuphela ingcali. Izindlu nga zivuze kwi kwimveliso kunye ayodini. On isilivere ke wayishiya le ndawo, yaye Melchior - akukho.

Amaxesha amaninzi, kuba i-aluminiyamu metal amanene ezama badlule. Nangona kunjalo, le yokugqibela yahluke gqitha loxinano yesilivere, inkazimlo, ngokuba lukhuni kunye nombala. Products-ngomgunyathi zama ukuqonda kuphela kwiminyango kunye nakwiivenkile ezahlukeneyo. Loo uhombiso emva kawusi elifutshane uqalisa oxidize. Ukwahlula isilivere i itoti aluminiyam kunye umazibuthe wakhe. I-metal amanene ke leleka kuyo. Ukongeza, nasonasiphi na isiphumo ngokwasemzimbeni okanye kwemichiza i-aluminiyamu ibangela utshintsho umbala wayo, inkangeleko kunye nobungakanani deformation.

Isilivere and Fashion Body

Kunye nokufumaneka le nto lwenziwa inani elikhulu imihombiso ezahlukeneyo. Silver - metal ezixabisekileyo okanye akunjalo? Ewe, kunjalo kwiqela efanayo ngegolide platinum. Oku izinyithi ezindilekileyo, yeyiphi akayi igcwala umhlwa. ukuba Precious zibizwa nje kuphela ngenxa iimpawu ezizodwa, kodwa ngenxa esitokisini ezincinane eziqulathwe kolu qweqwe lomhlaba.

Silver - a izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kuyinto ngokulinganayo afaneleka kakuhle kuzo zombini abasetyhini kunye namadoda abo iwonga ezahlukeneyo zentlalo kunye nobudala. Silver idibanisa ngokupheleleyo kunye lwawo kunye negolide. Livakala mkhulu ezixabisekileyo semi-namatye anqabileyo, neeperile, izixhobo kunye lwendlovu.

Isihombiso esenziwe ngesiliva efanelekileyo nangaliphi na ixesha. Yaye ezahlukahlukeneyo iimodeli, ungasoloko achole mveliso ngenxa yesizathu esithile. Ukongeza, ngokweengcamango wamandulo olu, kuba nako ukumphilisa, uthobe. Kungenxa yoko le nto akukho mfuneko ezikuthandayo yethu ubudala aya ukuzila uthenga uvuyo encinane.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, bejewellery kuqhuba iqela enkulu zokuhombisa ezahlukeneyo, izinto apho waye isilivere. Nganye kwezi mveliso na qiniseka ukunikeza isimo esihle. Funda ukuba ubucwebe ivenkile ukubonisa elula.

Silver - intsimbi elula amanene. Akumangalisi ukuba imfuno ubucwebe isitali yakhe onke amazwe ehlabathini. Into ebalulekileyo kwi ukuthandwa ubucwebe yesilivere na umbala. Ngapha koko, omnye neengubo ezininzi nendlela kuthathwa ngaphandle nozithobela sisinyithi Ndileka ilaphu, kwakunye abamnyama nabamhlophe. Le meko iye yabangela ukuba izinto ezenziwe ngamatye anqabileyo. High kwimfuno yabathengi iimveliso apho isilivere kudityaniswe nesafire, nekarbhunkolo, netopazi, garnet, neametiste, tourmaline. Amaxesha amaninzi xa ufaka kusetyenziswa malachite kunye yisafire, neagati, kunye yashmu, lwesardiyo kunye yikalikedo, ezazinezo iliso tiger yakhe. Silver isoloko isetyenziswa ekudalweni nemisesane, oku kwamaso anika kunye lwawo, afakwe, nokukrola lwawo.

Zonke ezi imihombiso kuba okunye okukhulu. Ukudala ubucwebe isicelo otyhidiweyo isale zesilivere. Ngembonakalo, xa ezisemgangathweni nezinto ezinjalo akukho yahlukile abo ngokupheleleyo ezenziwe ngezinto ezixabisekileyo. Enye kwiinkalo ezakhayo na ixabiso labo. Yena kamnandi ikushiye abathengi. Ukongeza, isilivere ngumfanekiswana izacholo kufanelekile abo ulusu onovakalelo. iimveliso ezifana musa esingenakubangela naliphi na eku- kwaye ushiya akukho namasalela xa zonakele. umgangatho wabo yokuba akukho umhlwa ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye musa ziyacima. Ngenxa yoko, isilivere ngumfanekiswana namakhonkco, imixhaka, nezacholo kunye kwamaso anika usisipho olukhulu omthandayo umhlobo wakho okanye. ixabiso labo kwamkelekile kakhulu, kunye nomgangatho egqibeleleyo.