Multipliers yenkcitho karhulumente. State noqoqosho

Kwinqaku ngezantsi siza kuqwalasela imfundiso phinda yenkcitho karhulumente, leyo ngemihla ukuthandwa seemfundiso Keynesian kwabangela eninzi livakale neengxabano. Lo mxholo iya kuba umdla kubo bonke abaya ebona kuqoqosho lwale mihla, njengoko umgaqo-nkqubo iyaxokozela amagunya ezahlukeneyo ingaphezulu echaphazelekayo kunangaphambili.

Indima thiyori lingabali kuqoqosho lwale mihla

Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuze ilizwe esifunisa umgaqo-nkqubo yayo kwinkalo yezoqoqosho, isebenzisa eziliqela izixhobo zoqoqosho. Multipliers of inkcitho karhulumente kwaye yenye amacandelo esi uluhlu olubanzi, enomtsalane ngoko ke ezibambe theoretical component. Eminyaka, izazinzulu ezininzi uzama ukufumana intsingiselo yalo mbono kwaye usebenzise ngaphakathi ukuba zenziwe ngokuphathekayo.

Ngokubanzi ukuthetha, lingabali yayo ibonisa ukukhula kwezibonisi zoqoqosho. Ke imali karhulumente Russia - akukho ngaphandle. kakhulu ngakumbi kulo mba zeza abameli imfundiso Keynesian kuqoqosho, kwaye bafika kwisigqibo sokuba esi sixhobo lubonisa unxulumano ngqo phakathi Dynamics ubutyebi kazwelonke kunye nomgangatho ntle yabantu, kungakhathaliseki ulwalathiso nkqubo yokugqibela mali.

inkcitho lokuzimela kwaye lingabali

Karhulumente kunye noqoqosho zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo, ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba naluphi na utshintsho kwelinye iziko ngaso dynamics ezithile lamanani ngamanye omnye. Le nkqubo kuthiwa induction, ekubeni kuphela push encinane naziphi na izixhobo zemali simenza eziliqela iinkqubo kulo lonke elo lizwe.

Umzekelo, lizilawule inkcitho karhulumente kwi theory phinda ucacisa ngolwalamano kutshintsho Dynamics kwimalike yabasebenzi. Ngamanye amagama, urhulumente kufuneka lihlawule ezithile kwimeko kwezinye iindawo lemvelaphi yabo, njengokuba apha unako ukubona ukukhula eqhelekileyo yeengeniso zabemi. Kwaye, oko, ukwanda kwamathuba engqesho. Kuba pattern oluninzi oluvakalayo ngokwaneleyo ukuze angqamane Dynamics ezi iparameters kunye.

iindleko Investment

Ubume inkcitho karhulumente ebanzi kakhulu, ngoko ke kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ngenxa kunye nomsebenzi utyalo-mali kweli lizwe, nto leyo isiseko kwezoqoqosho kukhuphiswano.

iindleko zotyalo wokuphindaphinda kubonisa umlinganiselo Dynamics utyalo-mali ngendlela amashishini ethile ezintsha ukuya kwinqanaba iindleko zokusebenza bume. Ngenxa yoko kucingwa echanekileyo ukuqaphela ngaphandle kuphela ukusuka ingeniso lesizwe le enabela.

Ngamanye amazwi, ngokwenkqubo efanayo siya kukwazi ukulandelela umgangatho iindleko ekungenwe ezibonelelwa ngurhulumente ukwenzela ukuphucula uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe kunye lwezenzululwazi kweli lizwe, ngokunjalo nesabelo kwabo nokuphuma kuqoqosho ngokubanzi. Ngokubanzi, akukho nzima kule linamandla ayikho - engekho izinga lokuhamba investment iya kulingana yamanqaku zero, kulunge, kunye nokukhula-mali iza kuya ikhula.

iindleko market emisebenzi

Uphinda-phindo lwe yenkcitho karhulumente kweli umba kwimarike yezemisebenzi imfundiso eyahlukileyo Keynesian, apho kunzima enokuthelekiswa naliphi na icala. Ngenxa ukuba siye ngaphambili kubekwe into yesibini iindleko zizonke karhulumente, ngoku makhe sibone ukuba uhlobo a nga kuqulatha umgaqo-nkqubo wotyalo-mali, ukongeza kwiziphumo zethu njengesiqhelo.

Trite, kodwa bambalwa ukulawula ukugcina umkhondo ubuhlobo ilandelayo. Iindleko market imisebenzi yehla kakhulu ngexesha xa iindleko zotyalo ababasukela. Oku kulandela ukuba intlalo-ntle yabantu kwandisa, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokwandisa kwemfuno yeempahla ngemfuneko yesibini (izixhobo, impahla, ifenitshala), isishiya iziphumo ezincumisayo kwi utshintsho kwabavelisi yengeniso yabo. Ngamanye amazwi, utyalo-mali kwenye indawo kuqoqosho kubandakanya nokonyuka iingeniso kwindawo enye.

Iindleko ezikhombisa lizwe

Lingabali ezinye iirhafu kunye neenkcitho zikarhulumente nomba mali libhekisela Dynamics utshintsho kwinqanaba kwemveliso kumacandelo emveliso, ngokuxhomekeke izinga lokukhula umthwalo werhafu. Njengomthetho jikelele, le lomlingani lelikhabayo, kuba oko abameli inzuzo engencinane ufuna ukunika yinxalenye inzuzo yazo net kwi iiyunithi mali.

Enye into, xa ifika, umzekelo, irhafu mahluko kwi PE okanye yengeniso. Kulo mzekelo, umthwalo ebekwa amanqanaba - by into level-mali: i-ntle aphezulu - inowuthi rate. Kodwa njengoko kusenziwa ngoku kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho, lo mbono - nje yigadi, kwaye ayinanto yakwenza neengxaki zale mihla.

Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali elungelelanisiweyo inkcitho kazwelonke

Multipliers of imali yoluntu kwifomu yayo enyulu, bonisa Dynamics utshintsho kwexabiso kwimveliso kazwelonke, kuxhomekeke yinxalenye ubuncwane karhulumente echithwe ngenjongo nokuthengwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iimveliso. Kwakhona, eli nani bomzimba ngokomlinganiselo isiphelo loluthando nkonzo. Oku kuchazwe ngoko ukunyusa ingeniso ye-mali, xa ekunciphiseni inkcitho inxalenye yayo ingeniso yakhe kuphela ukuba inani elifanayo amanqaku.

Ngenxa yoko, nathi baphethe formula-mali elungeleleneyo: ukusetyenziswa yesizwe kuvuka yi isixa esithile (masenze bayibiza A), nto leyo ibangelwa ukuncitshiswa oluqhelekileyo komthwalo zerhafu amashishini, yaye oku, neliya, lugcwele ekukhuleni yenzuzo koosomashishini kwi iiyunithi A.

amazwe kudla lizwe

Uphinda-phindo eziyinkcitho karhulumente (formula womlinganiselo kuyahlukana nedlela icandelo ephambili, ezi Dynamics apho utshintsho sizama ukuqinisekisa) Kwakhona ithatha indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni nkqubo karhulumente. Le yokugqibela zinokuphunyezwa kuphela ngokusetyenziswa xa kusenziwa imisebenzi ngaphandle-import. Ngoko ke, kukhuselekile ukuthi urhwebo lwangaphandle Asiyiyo yokugqibela, kodwa indima ephambili ebangela ukuba kusekwe izinto ezibizayo umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente yezoqoqosho.

Xa ingcamango phinda kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iindleko ezenziwe yi-lizwe kunye ngenjongo ekufezekiseni imisebenzi ngaphandle-elizweni, yenzelwe kuphazanyiswa ngqo esikalini yamanye amazwe, zibe nefuthe elingqale kule ixabiso kwimveliso likazwelonke, nto leyo sisixhobo nje lwangaphakathi.

Ngoko ke, ixabiso wokuphindaphinda kwi inkalo yorhwebo langaphandle sichazwa njengoko umlinganiselo phakathi GDP kunye notshintsho nobuninzi iindleko zotyando evulekileyo olwenziwa ngaphandle kweli lizwe.

iziphumo

Ngenxa yoku kuchazwe ngentla apha kubonisa kwisigqibo umdla kakhulu. Siye sele bakhe bazama ukubonisa ukuba multipliers ngayo imali kawonke zibonakalisa ngokupheleleyo utshintsho ukuzalana sisixhobo esiphambili zemali-nkqubo yezoqoqosho karhulumente. Kwaye, mhlawumbi, ukuba baqhube kakuhle.

Sikwazile ukubona ukuba intsalela mali iyaxokozela kwaye basengozini izinto ezahlukeneyo zombini basekhaya kunye nomsebenzi kumazwe angaphandle kweli lizwe, singatsho ngokuzithemba epheleleyo: akukho nkqubo wasilela ngokupheleleyo, kodwa nangakumbi ke azo odwa. Multipliers of inkcitho karhulumente iya kusoloko kukwazi ukusinceda ukuzisa ixabiso ukukhula ingeniso imveliso lwesizwe, kunye nezinye izalathisi ezininzi esalatha impilo kwezoqoqosho karhulumente.