Indlela yokusinda le ntlekele? Indlela yokusinda umntu oqhelekileyo ngexesha lobunzima?

Ingqiqo 'ingxaki' nayo ubekho ebomini bethu, zonke ezinye iikota uphuhliso iinkqubo intshukumo ngokwesiko. Le ntlekele efanayo ingqikelelo ye elements, kufuneka babe nako ukusinda nokwenza inkqubo zendalo. Ingakumbi, ngokuchaseneyo kwezakhi, crisis - into kwezentlalo eziqikelelweyo. Ngoko ke, sizama ukuqonda uhlobo lo mmangaliso.

Wena ungafunda kuphela ukukwamkela oko ngokwemvelo, kodwa ukuqonda indlela asakhasayo noloyiso ziimeko crisis le. Ukuze wenze oku, phendula umbuzo othi "yintoni na uhlobo wayo?" Indlela ukuze sisinde kule ntlekele yaye ziziphi iindlela ukuyicombulula? Indlela ukufunda ukuba ziintshatsheli kwiimeko ezinzima?

crisis

Kwaloo Ingcamango lobunzima livela kwisiGrike elithi «κρίσις», gama elo elithetha "Isigqibo", "senguquko." Etymology nangoko icacise uhlobo le mbono. Eneneni, xa sisiva nje batshintsha ngesiquphe kweziganeko, ntlekele, ukutshatyalaliswa iziseko yobukho, yinto kombuzo ukuphendula eziqhitsini. Oko kukuthi, ngoko nangoko ukuthatha isigqibo sokuba kuzakuthsintsha imeko ekhoyo lobunzima, akuthethi ukwanelisa iimfuno zomntu, ingenguwo phantsi kwezi meko, kuphela ezo iimeko ezisisiseko ukuba zivumele bonke ukuze basinde. Inkqubo ukuvula, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo utshintsho zihlelwe phezu kwemimiso ezahlukeneyo.

• On esikalini. Local, jikelele.
• Ekuhambeni kwexesha. Zexesha elifutshane kwaye ixesha elide.
• On ukubonisa ndawo. Natural nezentlalo.

Ukuba iingxaki yemvelo indalo akucingeleki, ukuba zendalo, i zentlalo ezininzi ezinxulumene nemisebenzi yabantu, kunye nezibonelelo kubo zifihlwe eluntwini.

Types of nengxaki kwezentlalo

Inkampani imelwe ngamaziko zentlalo - iseti lwemithetho elawula ubudlelwane wobomi ekuhlaleni. Xa kwabantu owayephila ngokwemveli la maziko alandelayo: usapho, inkolo, imfundo, ezoqoqosho, ulawulo (ezopolitiko, umthetho, emkhosini). Kuxhomekeka namaziko abafumana iingxaki zentlalo kuvela ingakumbi ntlekele.

• ZezoPolitiko (zomkhosi kunye nezopolitiko).
• Economic (imali).
• Socio-yabantu (umtshato kunye nosapho, zonqulo, ukubalwa).

Kuyinto ezi ntlobo iingxaki kuba nempembelelo kakhulu ngendlela lonke yoluntu, yaye ngamnye amalungu alo. Ngalinye ungquzulwano abukho ngendlela esulungekileyo. Ekubeni uluntu uba uhlobo oluntsonkothileyo ukuhlangana, a global esinye isithuba iinkcukacha, nengxaki kwelinye lamaziko zentlalo Uxhokonxwa kwaye ibonisa malunga nemeko kwezinye iinkalo zobomi yoluntu. Ngokufuthi ingxaki yeziko ezithile zokuhlala zicacisa nentlekele zeenkqubo ichaphazela zonke iinkalo zoluntu. Ngaphezu koko, iba yinxalenye yehlabathi lonke ngxaki. Le ntlekele jikelele, leyo kungokunje indawo ukuba, ibonisa ubungakanani zonke iinkqubo nentlalo oqhagamshelwano phakathi kwi yobudala zobuxhakaxhaka bolwazi.

Le ntlekele yezopolitiko

Le nkqubo ichazwe inkcaso bezisebenza ithiyori kwaye aluncedo nokufuna utshintsho (save) indlela loluntu, indlela ukuphunyezwa amalungelo nezibophelelo.

Ngexesha lobunzima kwezopolitiko, njengokuba umthetho, ukuba nomdla kwezoqoqosho. Ukuphendula umbuzo "oxhamlayo", kunokwenzeka ukuchonga isizathu iingxaki amandla ngxabano lezopolitiko, i-inshorensi izilogani ezisekelwe inkxaso yoluntu. Inqanaba ulwazi oluntu usongo siphambili ukusetyenziswa uluvo loluntu ngabasemagunyeni.

Isimo inkqubo yezopolitiko, nto leyo luphawulwa ukuqhubela lweemfazwe kwempixano okwandayo, ligqiba umbhodamo kwezopolitiko. Iingxaki zenzeka kweli xesha, ngamandla ethile. Le ntlekele yezopolitiko kuba zombini amazwe kunye zasekhaya. Ngenxa yoko, umbhodamo ngaphakathi urhulumente kuba ngurhulumente, wepalamente, ngokomgaqo-siseko, lonke. Uhlobo lobunzima igqiba idlela yeengxaki sizilungise.

komnotho

Ukuveliswa kwempahla kunye neenkonzo ngaphezu inqanaba yokuhlawula amatyala abantu; olwahlula imeko zentlekele yoqoqosho. Imiphumela emibi yale nkqubo zezi:

• nokwehla okukhulu imilinganiselo yabantu ophilileyo;
• ukwanda kwentswela-ngqesho;
• ukuncipha zonke indices yophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho kwesi sifundo.

Ushishino lobunzima, ngokuxhomekeke umsebenzi ethile, inqanaba lobuchule kwimisebenzi yolawulo nengxaki, uye zombini meko ezimbi nezilungileyo. Kwelinye icala, oko konyusa ingozi yokuba ungonakala phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwa yengqongqo yona. Kwelinye icala, amathuba amatsha kunye nezibonelelo. Kunye nokusebenzisa efanelekileyo unako ukufumana iinketho kunye nokwahlukana, kunye nokukhula esemgangathweni.

iziko lobunzima yosapho

Iziko lomtshato kunye nosapho sisalathisi karhulumente kuluntu. Nayiphi na ingxaki ngumfanekiso kwiziko intsapho, uboniswa ku manani wokuzalwa kunye namazinga okusweleka, umtshato kunye kwemitshato, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi, kunye nezinye ngokwezalathi ezibalulekileyo (ngesifo sephepha, nokungahoywa).

Igama elithi "intsapho" livela kwigama lesiLatini "fames" (indlala). Intsapho isebenza njengomkhuseli kwaye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezibalulekileyo zabantu. Xa kuvela ingxaki, kukho ingxaki yondele - ukuwa yengeniso iintsapho ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, imeko yezoqoqosho luyakrokrisa.

Ingxaki ukuze sisinde njani ingxaki yabantu, njengoko kuchaphazela iziko entsapho - urhulumente, ingabi ngasese. Ngoko ke, ixesha elibalulekileyo lophuhliso luphawulwa ukwamkelwa amanyathelo anti-nengxaki ngokubhekiselele kwiziko loluntu umtshato, nto leyo kwaziswa kwiinkqubo zenkxaso yosapho zikarhulumente ezizodwa.

nengxaki Socio-demographic

Ingxaki yeziko usapho kunye umtshato uhlobo lentlekele yezentlalo neyokusasazeka koluntu. Le yokugqibela kumba ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele magama. Ibandakanya, ukongeza entsatsheni, iinkonzo yemfuduko, iziko inkolo kunye nezinye iinkqubo zentlalo. Iingxaki kule ndawo sesona soyikiso zokhuseleko kurhulumente kwaye zifuna ukwamkelwa eqatha ngakwicala kulawulo lukarhulumente.

Kweli xesha okunzulu yokwehla kwezinga yokuzalwa, ukwandisa izinga lokusweleka kunye ukuzibulala, okukhokelela depopulation yonke imiphumo kwezoqoqosho. Ukuphuma kwinkqubo crisis lwentlalo-demographic iyaphuhliswa zokunqika ulawulo loluntu ezijolise ekujonganeni kuqala. Okokuqala, ulinganisa kwezoqoqosho, ezijolise ekuphuculeni intlalo-ntle yabantu, nokunikezelwa kwemali xa zifuduka, utshintsho kwinqanaba iinzuzo labantu zendalo.

Crisis njengenkqubo

Naziphi izenzakalo ubomi - olutshintshayo. Le ntlekele - yinkqubo. Isiseko yayo nayiphi na inkqubo yophuhliso ezendeleyo ngohlobo ubunye dialectical izichasi. Xa intliziyo ekuphuhliseni uluntu njenge inkqubo loluntu kusekelwe kumgaqo self-zophuhliso - inkqubo yokuzala isakhono. Eneneni, bona iinkqubo zentlalo kuqhubeka ke, musa ukuma kwaye kwixesha lentlekele. Ngaphezu koko, kwezinye iimeko, luphuhliso ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi ngenxa nokunikezelwa amandla. Yintoni zibalulekileyo njengoko iyaziphikisa? Ukuze siqonde indlela ukuze sisinde kule ntlekele, simele siqonde uhlobo lo mmangaliso.

Le ngengqiqo lobunzima

Okokuqala, longquzulwano yesifundo kuwo onke amanqanaba, phantsi kurhulumente olungagqibekanga. Ibonakalisa umanyano lomzabalazo izichasi lubonakala zonke izenzakalo zentlalo.

Okwesibini, ukungayelelani lotshintsho kunye nemigangatho. Umzekelo iphawulekayo kule - mali, iingxaki mboleko yangoku. Isixa mali lingenako ukuhlangabezana neemfuno imveliso lwentlalo. Ukunyuka unikezelo imali ibange ukunciphisa ngqo ixabiso lemali. Lo ngumzekelo kakhulu phezulu. iipateni kobude babe nesiseko nzulu. utshintsho kubalulwe angemi kule minyaka, ukwenzela ukuba bawaphikise ubunjalo inqanaba lophuhliso.

Okwesithathu, umyalelo kuphika uvela ngokupheleleyo: msebenzi lixesha iintlobo yayo endala lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho musa ukwanelisa umgangatho entsha kwiimfuno zoluntu kunye neemfuno. Le ntlekele - ukuba ukungalingani uhlobo kunye nesiqulatho indlela yemveliso, umsantsa ekuphuhliseni uluntu kunye yenguqu ukuya kwinqanaba entsha yonxulumano zentlalo-qoqosho.

Uhlobo lwengxaki yaye iindlela zokoyisa

Siphila kwixesha tshintsho akujongwa ndlela ilungileyo. Kodwa Russia wayengazi ixesha cwaka. Ngaphezu koko, ingxaki luhlobo olusisigxina ekuphuhliseni uluntu Russian. Isizathu ke ezahlukeneyo izinto. Umzekelo, ubukhulu karhulumente. kunye neentshukumo inguqu abakwazi ukuba abonela isikali eli lizwe. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ndiyoyisile le ngxaki - yinto imo yendalo yophuhliso. Akukho mfuneko ukubona nentlekele kwentlekele yoluntu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, oko kusoloko amathuba. Ukuba umntu ubona ingxaki njengokukhangela rhoqo ifomu kakhulu ukutshintsha leyinene eliguqukayo, kufuneka uzilungiselele ngengqondo ukuba bathi gqolo ukuphuhlisa izakhono zabo kwaye izicelo zazo ukuphucula ngokwazo kunye nehlabathi ngeenxa zonke kuye. Ukuba nibuyele ngumdla. Imizekelo njani ukuze sisinde kule ntlekele, bafanelwe uhlobo zoncwadi. Hi xikombiso, le trilogy Teodora Drayzera "Finance".

Ezingxaki zangoku yezoqoqosho

Imeko yangoku zoluntu - le yenye inguqu ubudlelwane ezentlalo nezoqoqosho, ebonisa ekungakwazini yolawulo yale mihla ukusombulula ukungaboni. Njani umntu avareji, ngummi yoluntu, ezoShishino, alunywe kuluthwala ngokwazo, ukuba balondoloze ukhuseleko kwazo kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo inkululeko? Ngamafutshane, njani ukusinda ushishino ingxaki? Indlela yokukhusela wena ummi eqhelekileyo?

Iindlela zokoyisa ingxaki ukuba ishishini

Ukwazi uhlobo ntlekele, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ayenzi kuwohloka baze inkqubo dialectical of ukubatshabalalisa iintlobo ezindala musa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeli xesha langoku.

1. Kubalulekile ukugcina amandla resource, izinto (material kunye yengqondo).
2. Londoloza nokunyusa ixabiso ngexabiso, ndiphume izaphulelo.
3. Akukho mfuneko ukuba bacwangcise transactions ophezulu umngcipheko.
4. Avalele ubudlelwane ethembekileyo.
5. Ukugxininisa kwiiprojekthi inzuzo elinephepha eziphakamileyo.

Ushishino ingxaki efana yenqanawa ulwandlekazi lusilwa. Maxa wambi kuba bhetele "ku sibheqwayo apho owomileyo", ukusindisa isimo resource kwaye angenise izinto, ngexesha elifanelekileyo, emva kokuba isaqhwithi, ukubamba up.

Indlela yokusinda ingxaki zabantu?

kufuneka sisetyenziswe kuphela ukuba izibonelelo zakho kodwa inkqubo anti-ntlekele karhulumente ukuze sisinde kule ntlekele kunye ujongo omhle ngekamva:

• ukuthatha eli thuba lokuba yokuqeshisa umhlaba ukuze kukhule izityalo ezinceda ukondla iintsapho zabo kwaye uthengise okugqithiseleyo inzuzo;
• bafunde ibhajethi nentsapho ekuhlalutyeni izinto iindleko ngenjongo yolondolozo kunokwenzeka kunye kulwabiwo-mali;
• ukumisa zokwakha inkqubela okanye ezinye iiprojekthi usapho eninzi phambi kokuqala iimeko zivuma;
• ukuqasha ekhoyo impahla mahala (umhlaba, nemiqolomba, izindlu);
• ngenkuthalo banikele izibonelelo zawo kwimarike musa ukuba utyalo-mali: iingcebiso, izifundo, kunye nenkonzo zabucala.

Ulawulo ezingundoqo ngexesha lobunzima - ukwenza isebenze umthamo yobuqu, kungekhona ukuze ukuqalisa iiprojekthi ezifuna ukunyusa ingxowa-mali, ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko.

iinkqubo zoshishino kunye nengxaki yoluntu

Xa imo Ukungazinzi nokungabikho amanqaku reference, sehlise phantsi umsebenzi kwiinkqubo zoshishino yonke into eyenzeka lobunzima, uqikelelo ngoku akukho ungxamile ukuyenza, hayi kwiingcali okanye abezopolitiko, okanye namandla. Ukuze wenze oku, kukho isizathu esilungileyo.

Ipredikshini kwentlekele kwiimeko mihla unezinga elikhulu kunene ukungaqiniseki. Njengoko crisis - ende, ezinkulu-isikali, ichaphazela inkqubo yezopolitiko yehlabathi. Thina nje siyazi ukuba, njengaye nawuphi na inkqubo, oko kuya kukunika amathuba amatsha ophuhliso. Ixabiso eyokuphela kwezi amathuba sivule.

Izindululo ukugcina indlela ishishini noxhaso kuchaphazela umdla yeshishini nje kuphela, kodwa lomntu ngamnye kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Universal "kwabadla 'ngamaxesha obunzima na imigaqo ngokubanzi: ukuba baqale value, ukuba enze iiprojekthi ezintsha ngenxa yeemeko eziguqukayo zeli umdlalo kunye sikhokelo esemthethweni ukulondoloza le resource amathuba asakhulayo kunye ukuze alungele inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezisebenzayo kwi mncinane salivula eli themba, ukulungele ukwenza kuvulwa neemfuno zoluntu.