Amazwe Budget: oluphezulu

Budget behlabathi - ibe lidike imali esetyenziswa yi oorhulumente zabo ukuze baxhase imisebenzi yabo. It is a uhlobo kwentelekelelo yesizwe ingeniso kunye nenkcitho. mali karhulumente esinxibelelana inani leeyunithi yenkqubo yemali. Oku ngoncedo imali ngayo ukuba ukunceda amashishini ithemba Iqhosha.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo

Budget yehlabathi eziliqela iimpawu. sakhiwo yayo ixhomekeke eziliqela, ebalulekileyo phakathi kwezi ke isakhiwo solawulo-lwengingqi karhulumente. Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-hlengiso lwenziwayo ngurhulumente kwaye yamkelwe yipalamente okanye elinye iziko lezowiso-mthetho uphakamileyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ingqikelelo yavela ngokufika karhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo loxwebhu ezivunywe liBhunga lowiso njengowongamileyo, wazuza kuphela nokuza ukuba amandla oohlohlesakhe. UNondyebo ebizwa isebe zemali, esingethe umbandela ekwenziweni lwabiwo-mali, oko kukuthi, ukugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali yayo.

Olu xwebhu iipeyinti ingeniso neenkcitho zonyaka. Kudla kuthathelwa ingqalelo eliqala nge-1 Januwari ukuya kowama-31 kuDisemba. Ngaloo ndlela libonisa unxulumano emali ukusuka kurhulumente ukuya abantu amaqumrhu asemthethweni ezivelayo malunga nokunikezelwa sengeniso yesizwe. Oku kuquka manqaku mabini. Kwengeniso eziqala nge:

• Irhafu. Bona icala ngabasemagunyeni engundoqo nabeengingqi.
• ezibanjwayo Non-irhafu. Umzekelo, ingeniso evela urhwebo amazwe okanye yengqeshiso kwempahla, ezizequmrhu ngurhulumente.
• Seigniorage. Oko kukuthi, iinzuzo evela umba imali.
• Ingeniso evela kwiimali trust kunye babucala.

ERashiya, malunga 84% lungeniselo mali evela inzuzo kwirhafu.

Ukusetyenziswa - ezi zizixhobo njengabathunyiweyo urhulumente ukuba imali iinjongo zabo ezithile neenjongo. Ukusuka kwindawo yoqoqosho olukhulu udidi lwembono, ukuba yahlulwe maqela alandelayo:

• yokuthenga Government.
• Udluliselo.
• Iinkonzo ityala likarhulumente.

Ezi ndleko zingasasazwa kwaye injongo ezenzelwe:

• Ukulungiselela iinjongo zopolitiko. Apha ungakhetha iindleko zokhuseleko kunye nezixhobo karhulumente.
• On the iinjongo zoqoqosho. Oku iindleko nokugcinwa kwicandelo likarhulumente kunye nenkxaso-mali zabucala.
• Ukulungiselela iinjongo zentlalo. Oku iindleko phantsi, izibonelelo zokufunda, ngokunjalo kwimfundo, impilo, inzululwazi kunye ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo.

Kule imeko yembali

Ingcamango mali ehlabathini wabonakala ngenkulungwane ye-18. kanye ingcamango yengeniso neenkcitho kukarhulumente bobabo Nkosi Robert Mompulempole. Ngelo xesha, yena Chancellor ye-Exchequer, waza wafuna ukuba zibuyisele ukuthembeka koluntu kwinkqubo emva kokuwa South Sea Inkampani ngo 1720. Ngowe-1733-m Mompulempole isaziso izicwangciso zalo ukuqaliswa kwe nerhafu yezonwabisi ekusetyenzisweni izinto ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iwayini kunye necuba. Isihlabo irhafu iindwalutho, phezu koko, ekujongwe ukunciphisa. Oku kwabangela igagasi Ndilicukuceze yoluntu. It wapapasha incwadana enomxholo othi "kohlahlo-kuvulwa, okanye impendulo kwiphetshana." Umbhali walo uWilliam Pulteney. Yaba nguye lowo kuqala wasebenzisa igama elithi "lwabiwo" ngokunxulumene ne-nkqubo mali karhulumente. kokuba irhoxisiwe kuqala Mompulempole. Kodwa iirekhodi kwinkulungwane yama-18 ingeniso kunye norhulumente inkcitho sele eqhelekileyo kumazwe phambili.

iintlobo mali

Kaninzi ezintathu. Kusilela kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkcitho karhulumente ngaphezulu ezingenayo. Ukwabela imali kusilela, yezemali kunye zaseprayimari. logqithiso ivela xa iingeniso ngaphezulu iindleko. Le meko kunokuba inqabile. Eyona ndlela iphumelelayo-mali elungeleleneyo. Libonisa ukuba ezingenayo iindleko ngokulinganayo. Kubalulekile ukuba le miba enqwenelwa onke amazwe ehlabathini.

ukuqashwa

Kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali yehlabathi kukho imisebenzi emine engundoqo:

• Distribution. Oku kuthetha ukuba le mali senziwa ngokuncama mali esembindini kwaye zisetyenziswe kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo karhulumente. kwengeniso likhuthaza uphuhliso ukulungelelana kwimimandla.
• Ukuvusa. Urhulumente ngoncedo-mali ulawula uqoqosho lwelizwe. Kusenokuba yandise ngqo okanye zinqanda izinga lokukhula abagqibayo kwezinye iingingqi.
• Social. Mali aqokelele imali enokusetyenziswa impilo, imfundo, inkcubeko kunye nenkxaso kubantu abasemngciphekweni.
• Control. UMbuso uza kuqinisekisa ukufunyanwa nokusetyenziswa kwemali mali.

izimiso ukuhlanganiswa

Kukholelwa ukuba naluphi na uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kufuneka lube lugqityiwe, enobunye, yokwenene nengafihliyo. Ukusuka ukuthobela le migaqo kuxhomekeke kwi ukuthembeka karhulumente, kwakunye nentsalela kunye isantya Uphuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe. Phantsi ukuphelela kwakuthetha ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ukuba yonke ingeniso kunye nenkcitho kufuneka zibandakanywe. Zonke uqoqosho ithunzi nakwabasemagunyeni kwaye inegalelo kwimizamo yokwandisa ubungakanani uphuhliso olungalinganiyo. umanyano mali kuthetha ubukho uxwebhu olunye, apho yonke ingeniso kunye nenkcitho zihlelwa ngendlela ethile. Ngoko ke, bakwazi ukuthelekisa kunye umahluko. Ngokoqobo okanye, njengoko wabiza lo mgaqo, ukuchana kwale mali ibonisa ukuba zonke izinto zeli xwebhu kufuneka ibe sengqiqweni kwaye ichanekile. Ukuze wenze oku, yaye kufuneka ibe mpikiswano kawonkewonke imvume yepalamente kurhulumente. Nje lo mgaqo ubalulekileyo yokugqibela yaye enxulumene yi ngokuphandle. Kwakhona iquka imfuneko yokuba iingxelo zentsebenzo nebhajethi ngamaxesha ngamaqumrhu ezahlukeneyo.

Treasury njengeziko zemali ezizodwa

I-arhente lijongana cash kuqaliswa le mali. Kumazwe ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuze babe amagama ahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, bonke uNondyebo yenza iseti efanayo iimpawu. Phakathi kwabo:

• Ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke inzuzo mali.
• Ukuqinisekiswa Izibophelelo karhulumente inkcitho.
• Ukwenza iintlawulo egameni ethenjiweyo somamkeli ngamnye imali evela kurhulumente.

Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwamazwe ehlabathini ngo-2017

Esi salathisi ingabonwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, libhekisela mali inkulu amazwe ehlabathini, uyakwazi ukuthatha ingqalelo ubungakanani eshotayo ingeniso (surplus). Cinga lizwe yokuqala ehlabathini ngokubhekiselele kwingeniso. amazwe Income uluhlu mali evela $ 3.4 yezigidi zezigidi zezigidi ngo-US-1 million e Pitcairn Islands. Phezulu ezintlanu kuyo ngesi salathisi ibandakanya, ukongeza eUnited States, amazwe afana neTshayina, eJapan, Germany kunye France. Bathi ke iinkokheli ukuba iindleko. Kodwa kakhulu ezinomdla kakhulu kumazwe eshotayo yohlahlo lwabiwo rated zehlabathi (surplus). Kwindawo yokuqala - eJamani. logqithiso Its-23 ezigidi US zeerandi. Le eziphezulu ezintlanu kuquka amazwe afana eNorway, Macau, eSwitzerland kunye Iceland. Xa siqwalasela ipesenti okugqithiseleyo, iinkokeli i ezimbalwa namanye amazwe. Le Macau, Tuvalu, Iceland, Palau kunye Turks and Caicos Islands.

Le mali zomkhosi zehlabathi

Esi salathisi ibalwa yimibutho ezimbini. Ngokutsho Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, mali umkhosi amazwe ehlabathini liye ngaphaya 1,686 billion zeerandi ngo-2017. Le yi 2.2% ye hlabathi kwesambuku semveliso. Kwindawo yokuqala ngokwemiqathango kwisigaba esivela iindleko United States. Ngowe-2017, babechitha 611,2 billion okanye 3.3% se-GDP. Ngomhla wesibini - China. Kodwa kubiza ngaphantsi phantse izihlandlo ezithathu ngaphezu eUnited States - 215,7 billion kuphela zeedollar, okanye 1.9% se-GDP. Xa iinkokeli ezintathu zihlanganisiwe Russia. RF elichithwa karhulumente zomkhosi 69,2 ezigidi zeerandi okanye 5.3% se-GDP. Phezulu ezintlanu kwesi salathisi lukwaquka amazwe afana Saudi Arabia ne India. Ngokutsho kwe International Institute for Studies Strategic, indawo yokuqala inkcitho zomkhosi njengoko eUnited States, kwaye eyesibini - China. Kodwa ke kukho amazwe afana Saudi Arabia, iRashiya, i-UK ne India. Zahluke kancinane kwaye amanani ngokwabo, kodwa kubalulekile.

Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali yenye izixhobo ezibalulekileyo yommiselo karhulumente. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukunyamekela ikhaya, ukuba bacwangcise baze baphuhlise uqoqosho kazwelonke.