Alcohol Iodine Point

Xa uxinzelelo oqhelekileyo umoya, utywala abilayo lobushushu 78,3 ° C (ngokuba ethanol). Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba iqondo lobushushu isoloko rhoqo, nokuba xa igalelo ubushushu wenziwe rhoqo. Olu phawu yenkqubo ngenxa yokuba ukuguqulwa kwezinto elulwelo ngomphunga kwenzeka kwakhona xa efikelela lobushushu ethile fixed ukuba into ebalulekileyo - kushushu ngumphunga.

Ngenxa yokwanda ubunzima ngemolekyula obushushu ukubila utywala siyandiswa, umlinganiselo senziwe ngendlela uguqulo ukuba alkoholi bemi ngokusondeleyo kumqolo, ukuqala ethyl. Ngamanani, ixabiso layo iphezulu kakhulu isalathiso y glycol efanayo okanye hydrocarbon ukuba babe ubunzima efanayo eziphilayo. Ngako oko, le patheni oluya kwi yezabelo ezi izinto. Lo mhlaba kungenxa ubukho alkoholi unxulumano lwalusanda ngenxa yobukho kuhlanganiselo maqela hydroxyl.

Becala ezi abilayo ubushushu utywala ujongwa isakhiwo sayo chemical. Apha kukho mthetho jikelele: inxalenye enkulu yale utywala yahlukile ekwakhiweni classical, ngoko ke ubushushu abilayo usezantsi.

Xa kuthelekiswa iingongoma ezahlukeneyo okubila le alkoholi ngamanqaku okubila efunyenwe ngoko glycol ibhaqwe indlela ekhethekileyo - alkoholi ilifa phantse ezingaqhelekanga ngobukhulu, kakhulu amaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

lobushushu Okuninzi lukanina osemthethweni kuxhomekeke amaxabiso ubukhulu ubunzima beemolekyuli alcohol ethile. Umzekelo, abilayo of ethyl utywala ngu 78,15 ° C ezinobunzima beemolekyuli ka-46,069. e. m. Ngelo xesha, izalathisi okufanayo imethyl ngokulandelelana 64,7 ° C kunye 32,04 a. e. m. isibonelo esifanayo uphawu zonke alkoholi.

Haydrolisis utywala jikelele wenziwe xa ifikelela abilayo, eli xesha noko elide inkqubo, okuhlala malunga neeyure ezilishumi.

Loo parameter njengoko lobushushu yokutsha utywala kakhulu imisela ububanzi isicelo ezi khompawundi kushishino kunye namakhaya. Nangona kunjalo, apho kufuneka luthathwe uhlobo le nkalo yokutsha. reactions omlilo zihlelwa ngokwamaqela ezine. Uhlobo lokuqala luquka zonke iinkqubo yokutsha ukuba zenzeka ngenxa engenayo oksijini equlethwe emoyeni voice. Oku kuquka ioli yokutsha reaction, kunye notywala. Le nkqubo oluvakaliswe ndlela ilandelayo: C2H5OH + 3O2 + 11,3 N2 = 2CO2 + 3H2O + 11,3N2.

Ngokuhlola indlela ngasentla, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba akukho iboniswa ngengqiqo epheleleyo utshintshwano yemichiza ezithi zenzeke ngayo izinto abathatha inxaxheba bayavuma yokutsha. Ifomula senziwa ngenxa yezizathu ukuba umoya iqulathe kuphela oksijini kunye nitrogen sithathwa zero phambi kuwo zegesi egalelwe.

Umba phambi kwethu ukhetho - iqondo utywala - nto ibangela ukusetyenziswa ezininzi. Oku kwaziwa ukuba khulu ukusetyenziswa alkoholi njengoko izinto ezinokutsha kunye nezinto okumisele iintlobo ezahlukeneyo amafutha motor. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ezisetyenziswa methanol, ethanol kunye butanol, leyo bagqibileyo ehlabathini lonke ngendlela engazange mveliso. imiqulu ezinjalo ngenxa nokufumaneka kwabo zorhwebo conjuncture eliphezulu yemarike, koko, imveliso kwezinye iimeko, zisetyenziswa njengezalathisi kwaye namazinga inqanaba uzobe olwenziwe karhulumente. iindawo zobugcisa ngamnye imveliso biodiesel, izinyibilikisi, ipeyinti kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi, nto nje akunakwenzeka ukuba ukudwelisa kwenye inqaku elifutshane.