Obizwa - a ... Ukumiselwa imithetho, ukuphunyezwa kunye neenkqubo

Yintoni na obizwa? It is a isebe ophanda ukuba lifunda iimpawu yeenkqubo ongatshintshiyo. Ngelo xesha linye isifundo nabo bawe phantsi iindlela ukuguquka lwamandla kunye neendlela nangokusulela kwayo. Obizwa - a isebe ophanda ukuba lifunda iinkqubo ezikhoyo kule nkqubo kunye nesimo sabo. nangoku Oko iwela kuluhlu lwe bafunda izinto zayo namhlanje yaye siza sithethe.

definition

Lo mfanekiso ungezantsi ungabona umzekelo thermogram afunyenwe kwi ekufundeni nomphanda wamanzi ashushu.

Obizwa - isayensi uxhomekeke izibakala ngokubanzi lithathelwe empirically. Ezenzeka kwiinkqubo iinkqubo thermodynamic zichazwe kukusetyenziswa omyinge ongatshintshiyo. Xa luhlu luquka i parameters ezifana ingqondo, uxinzelelo, ubushushu kunye like. Kucacile ukuba molekyuli ngamnye esebenzayo, njengoko wanciphiswa inkcazo nkqubo ngokubanzi, uhlobo wayo (njengoko kuchasene ebeza, asetyenziswa electrodynamics, umzekelo).

Obizwa - isebe of physics ukuba une nemithetho yayo. Bona, njengabanye aba jikelele ngokwendalo. iinkcukacha ezithile enjengesakhiwo material zomfowunelwa okhethiweyo ayiyi kuba nayo nayiphi impembelelo ebalulekileyo umlinganiswa imithetho. Kungenxa yoko le nto bathi ukuba eli sebe of physics yenye yezona iluncedo (okanye, gxebe, esebenza ngempumelelo) kwezenzululwazi neteknoloji.

isicelo

Unalungelo imizekelo kuba elide kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, izisombululo ezininzi esekelwe kwimithetho thermodynamic ingafunyanwa kwi candelo lezobuchwepheshe ubushushu okanye umbane. Yintoni onokuyenza kuthi ngenkcazo kunye nokuqondwa ekudibaneni kwemichiza, uhambo yesigaba ngezimanga zothutho. Ngandlel 'ithile, le obizwa ngayo "isebenzisana" kunye nodaba umyinge. Ububanzi contact - inkcazo lo mkhuba imingxuma emnyama.

imithetho

Lo mfanekiso ungentla ubonisa kakuhle ngenkqubo thermodynamic - පිළිතුරු iimpendulo. layers into ashushu bayavuswa, ebandayo - hamba phantsi.

imithetho isihloko ezizezinye, leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, alisetyenziswa mzekelo rhoqo ukuba umthetho obizwa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, bayazi ezintathu (plus "zero" okanye "eqhelekileyo"). Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sithethe obandakanya zonke imithetho, sizama ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni komthetho obizwa.

Basimisela iseti postulates ezithile ezenza isiseko ulwazi lweenkqubo zenzeka macrosystems. Izibonelelo imithetho obizwa zasekwa empirically ngathi yonke kumalinge emifuniselo kunye nophando. Ngoko ke, kukho ubungqina, ngokusivumela ukuba sithathe postulates yamkelwe ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo esinye ichanile zabo.

Abanye abantu uzibuze kutheni obizwa kufuneka kanye le mithetho. Kaloku, sinokuthi imfuneko yokusebenzisa kubo ngenxa yokuba eli candelo nokwakheka ongatshintshiyo iparameters ichazwa ngokubanzi, ngaphandle unaloo ngokutsha bemvelo yabo yokungcoliswa okanye iimpawu nangendlela efanayo. Le ndawo ayikho obizwa kunye physics manani kuye, ukuba sithethe ngokungqalileyo. Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba imithetho obizwa asixhomekeki enye kwenye. Leyo yenye imveliso yesibini iya kusebenza.

isicelo

Ukusetyenziswa obizwa, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ukuba ngeendlela ezininzi. Isiseko kukuthi, ngokuzenzekelayo, omnye nemigaqo yayo, oko kukuthi ngentetho evakalayo ngokwahlukileyo ekwimo umthetho zolondolozo amandla. izisombululo Thermodynamic kunye postulates sele ziphunyezwe ngempumelelo kumashishini afana neshishini lwamandla, biomedicine, chemistry. Apha amandla eziphilayo isetyenziswa kuwo umthetho yolondolozo amandla kunye nomthetho lilonke kunye nolwalathiso inkqubo thermodynamic. Ngaphandle kwezi, kukho ezintathu iingqiqo kwemininzi eqhelekileyo axhasa wonke umsebenzi kunye nenkcazelo yayo. Le nkqubo thermodynamic, inkqubo kunye nenkqubo isigaba.

iinkqubo

Iinkqubo e obizwa kumanqanaba angafaniyo ngobunzima. Apho kukho esixhenxe kubo. Ngokubanzi, phantsi inkqubo kwimeko enjalo kufuneka iqondwe ukuba ngaphandle utshintsho kwi imeko kokukhulu le nkqubo iye yalungelelaniswa kuyo ngaphambili. Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba umahluko phakathi karhulumente ababezibiza sokuqala kunye nokuphela kwako kube ziyakungahoywa.

Ukuba umahluko omncane, ngoko ke inkqubo kwenzeke, ukuze kulunge kubizwa ngokuba sabaqalayo. Ukuba sifuna ukuba baxoxe iinkqubo ukuba luhlaza ukukhankanya amagama ezongezelelweyo. Omnye wabo - i "ulwelo ukusebenza". Ukusebenza fluid yinkqubo apho kukho enye okanye inkqubo thermal ngaphezulu.

iinkqubo ezinxulumene zahlulwe zibe lizama non-kuvuselele. Kwimeko yokugqibela, onke amazwe apho kufuneka kudlule inkqubo thermodynamic na, ngokulandelelana, i-non-kuvuselele. Ngokufuthi utshintsho ithi na kwezi meko ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa iinkqubo lizama ezifana yorhwwebo-static. Kwezi tshintsho umyalelo sezingeni kancinci.

iinkqubo Thermal ezenzeka kwiinkqubo thermodynamic, ukuze babe nokuba ingathityazwa okanye vuhlayiseki. Ukuze siqonde Kaloku, liqhekeke zokuhamba yayo nokungeniswa kwi kumathuba elimisiweyo. Ukuba singenza inkqubo efanayo kwicala elahlukileyo kunye "nezikhululo esiphakathi" enye, oko kuthiwa ingathityazwa. Kungenjalo, ukuyenza isebenze.