Evolutionism Global njengoko nenguqulelo esisiseko nenzululwazi yendalo mihla

evolutionism Global, kunye umfanekiso yenzululwazi mihla ehlabathini - isihloko leyo luzinikele imisebenzi yakhe, abaphandi abaninzi. Kwezintsuku kuya kuba zithandwa ngakumbi kuba ngaphakathi kuyo ingqalelo le miba ibalulekileyo yenzululwazi.

jikelele (jikelele) Ingcamango yokuba izinto zazivelela kubonisa ukuba ubume ihlabathi uthe gqolo ngcono. World kokuba luthathwa njengento kwiqumrhu, esivumela ukuba bathethe malunga umanyano kwemithetho jikelele ubomi kunye nendalo kukunika ithuba 'bakulindele "ukuze umntu, ukuba masihambelane kunye naye. Ingqiqo evolutionism jikelele, imbali, imigaqo yayo ezingundoqo iikhonsepthi kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

prehistory

Ingcamango yehlabathi yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo apha kwimpucuko yaseYurophu. Iifom elula (Kant cosmogony Epigenesis, preformism) xesha zululwazi ngenkulungwane ye-18 yayize. Kakade kwinkulungwane yama-19 ukuba walibiza kwinkulungwane yokuba izinto zazivelela. ucikizeko yeengcingane bezinto, ebonakala luphuhliso, waqalisa ukuba bahlawule eninzi ingqalelo ekuqaleni xa komhlaba, yaye emva koko eziphilayo kunye yokuhlalisana.

ZikaDarwin theory, uphando Herbert Spencer

UCharles Darwin waba ngowokuqala ukuba asebenzise umgaqo zazivelela entsimini ezikhona, ngaloo ndlela ekubekeni isiseko eziphilayo theoretical component mihla. Herbert Spencer wazama ezayo izimvo zakhe yokuhlalisana. Le Scientist kuye kwabonisa ukuba le ngcamango yokuzivelela linokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, ukuba musa zinxulumene kumxholo biology. Nangona kunjalo, isayensi classic ngokubanzi akazange azamkele ingcamango. Ivela Systems kudala kuthathwa zizazinzulu njengoko unxaxho random, owayebonakele ngenxa yokuphazamiseka zasekuhlaleni. Zesayensi ziye wenza umzamo lokuqala ukwandisa ingqiqo ngaphaya kwezentlalo kunye nenzululwazi zebhayoloji, wabeka phambili hypothesis ukuba yonke yanda.

Ingcamango the Big Bang

Idatha wafumana izazi iye yaqinisekisa ukungaphumeleli iimbono ngayo indalo zokubhala. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba sele ukuphuhlisa ukususela Big Bang, apho, ngokutsho ingcamango yethu, ukuba amandla kuphuhliso yayo. Eli cebo labonakala-40 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, kwaye ngo-1970 lisekiwe ekugqibeleni. Ngenxa yoko, ngokuma yokuzivelela wangena ntetho. Ingcamango the Big Bang ukutshintsha ngokuphawulekayo kwimbono ukuba lo mbandela kwindalo Wavuka.

Kuphela ekupheleni nenzululwazi kwinkulungwane yama-20 ifumene izixhobo methodological kunye nemiqathango ukuze kwakhiwe imodeli enye yendaleko, yokuvulwa imithetho jikelele yendalo, nto leyo integrally lubotshelelwe ukuvela iphela, nakummandla wezijikelezi-langa emhlabeni, ubomi, ekugqibeleni, abantu kunye noluntu. Jikelele (Global) evolutionism i modeli.

Ukuvela evolutionism jikelele

Ekuqaleni-imi- 80 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, intanda mihla iye umdla kuthi isigama. evolutionism Global yokuqala ithathelwe ingqalelo izifundo ngezenzeko ezimanyanisayo kwinzululwazi, yimizekeko anxulumene Izifundo emasebeni ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi zendalo yolwazi yendaleko. Eli gama waba ngowokuqala ukuba sichaze umnqweno lwamacandelo afana yokwakheka, ibhayoloji, inzululwazi kunye ngeenkwenkwezi ukuya gabalala le chavelela ukuchumisa uthekelelo lwento enjalo. Ubuncinane, oku intsingiselo ingqikelelo umdla kuthi ekuqaleni.

Academician NN Moiseev wabonisa ukuba evolutionism lwehlabathi kuzisa izazinzulu ukuze kulungiswe umba yokuhlangana umhlaba onokuphila kunye neminqweno yabantu ukwenzela ukuthintela ntlekele kokusingqongileyo. Le mpikiswano lwaqhutywa kuphela indlela yenzululwazi. Ngoko ayimangalisi, kuba ingcamango evolutionism sino umthwalo ethile yembono, ngokungafaniyo evolutionism zemveli. Le yamva, njengoko ukuze ukhumbule, sabekwa kwimibhalo Charles Darwin.

evolutionism Global, kunye umfanekiso yenzululwazi mihla zehlabathi

Okwangoku, abaninzi uqikelelo umdla kuthi ingcamango ukuphuhlisa sengqondo yenzululwazi ongakhetha. Ngokukodwa, kwacetyiswa ukuba evolutionism ehlabathini kufuneka ibe sisiseko womfanekiso behlabathi lwenzululwazi, kuba inxulumanise inzululwazi womntu kunye nendalo. Ngamanye amazwi, kwaye wagxininisa ukuba lo mbono zibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso bezenzululwazi. evolutionism Global namhlanje uhlobo lwenkqubo. Njengokuba kuphawuliwe V. S. Stepin, kwinzululwazi mihla, amalungiselelo alo ngokuthe isiba ezo lubalaseleyo ulwazi. Le mbono ongundoqo ogqugqisileyo umfanekiso ekhethekileyo zehlabathi. evolutionism Global, ngokutsho V. S. Stepina, i inkqubo yophando lwehlabathi ocacisa qhinga yophando. Okwangoku, ikhona inkitha kwiinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo, ebonakala ngamazinga ahlukeneyo ingcaciso ulwazi: ekuzaliseni ezingqondweni bemihla amabango siyavakala ukuya iingqiqo eneenkcukacha, eziqwalasela ngokweenkcukacha ikhondo ngendaleko behlabathi.

Kakuhle eli evolutionism jikelele

Ukuvela kolu luvo nto inxulumene nokunatyiswa kwemida ka ezentlalo kunye eziphilayo wavuma, indlela yokuzivelela. Ubukho qualitative othukayo eziphilayo, yaye kuye ehlabathini zentlalo ubukhulu becala mfihlelo. Oko kuqondwe kuphela kokuthabatha imfuneko shintsha ezinjalo phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kwezithuthi. Ngamanye amazwi, ngokusekelwe ubukho ngendaleko behlabathi kwi zigaba kamva yembali, oko kuthathwa ukuba yinkqubo yonke yendaleko. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngenxa yeenguqu ngalinye wabumba zonke ezinye iintlobo izithuthi, ukongeza ezentlalo eziphilayo.

Le ngxelo njani ozakuthathwa kuqulunqo kakhulu jikelele oko evolutionism lwehlabathi. Ngokufutshane chaza imigaqo yayo engundoqo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuqonda ukuba yintoni na kwi esibondeni ngcono.

imigaqo

Thina abanomdla nenguqulelo babonakaliswa ngokwayo indlela ngokusesikweni ingqiqo kunye njengesakhi esibalulekileyo womfanekiso mihla kwehlabathi wesithathu yokugqibela yenkulungwane yokugqibela kumsebenzi ziingcali ngokuma (AD Ursula N. N. Moiseeva).

Ngokutsho N. N. Moiseeva, le mimiselo iphambili ilandelayo isiseko evolutionism jikelele:

• Indalo yinkqubo enye self-asakhasayo.
• Uphuhliso lweenkqubo, kwindaleko yabo zemiyalelo: ukuba usekhondweni lokukhula ngeentlobo zazo, ukuntsonkotha kwezi nkqubo, kwakunye nasekunciphiseni azinze.
• izinto Random eziphembelela uphuhliso, baya- akhoyo kuzo zonke iinkqubo zazivelela.
• Esinazo benamandla indalo: ukusuka elidlulileyo zixhomekeke langoku elizayo, kodwa ngokucacileyo ke azichazwanga.
• Ukuqwalaselwa malunga nemiba yehlabathi njengendlela yokukhetha osisigxina, apho inkqubo esuka ithi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo desktops ikhetha kakhulu wokwenene.
• Ubukho bifurcation ithi lungakhatywa, ngenxa chavelela ngakumbi kuba eyona akucingeleki, njengoko kweli thuba lokulungiselela utshintsho kukho izinto random.

Indawo yonke ingqikelelo evolutionism jikelele

Yonke kubonakala njengoko njengeziko yendalo, ephuhlisa ngokuhamba kwexesha. evolutionism Global - yimbono yokuba, njengenkqubo enye ihlola imbali yonke indalo. Yesiqalo, eziphilayo, iikhemikhali kunye ngendaleko zentlalo neendidi kuyo ezinxulumene ngokulandelelana kwaye zemfuza.

Ukusebenzisana kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchule

Evolutionism yi njengesakhi esibalulekileyo senkqubo yonikezelo i wenguqulo evolutionarily-synergetic kwinzululwazi mihla. Yena ayiqondwa ngengqiqo lwemveli (kaDarwin), yaye ingcamango jikelele evolutionism (global).

Eyona njongo iphambili umdla kuthi ingqikelelo uphuhliso ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobomi. Abaxhasi ngokwenjongo yayo kuloo ndawo yolwazi ezinokuthi extrapolated ukuba yonke indalo kwaye ngubani kudibanisa amaqhekeza ezahlukeneyo ukuba ubunye. qeqesho enjalo eziphilayo kwindaleko, nokushisa, kwaye kutshanje negalelo elikhulu evolutionism yehlabathi nentsebenziswano.

Noko ke, ukuba nomdla ingqiqo ngaxeshanye ityhila ayiphikisani lo umthetho wesibini obizwa , yaye imfundiso yokuzivelela kaCharles Darwin. Last omemezela ukhetho iimeko kunye eziphilayo, ukomelezwa yocwangco, kwaye yokuqala - ukukhula umlinganiselo engakhethiyo (entropy).

Ingxaki umgaqo anthropic

evolutionism Global ugxininisa ukuba uphuhliso elimiweyo liphela ijolise ekuphuculeni umbutho kwesakhiwo. Ngokwale mbono, yonke imbali iphela - inkqubo olunye self-evolution, self-uphuhliso lomba. evolutionism Global - umgaqo efuna ukuqonda enzulu ingqiqo iphela, umyalelo cosmic yezinto. ngoku le mbono sele izibane ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Izazinzulu bekubona aksiologicheskie, imiba siyavakala kwaye methodological nentanda-bulumko. Ingxaki umgaqo anthropic umdla ethile. Kukho usaqhubeka mpikiswano kwi sifundo. Lo mgaqo ngokusondeleyo kunxulunyaniswa nengcamango yokuba evolutionism lwehlabathi. Yena kubonwa kwinguqulelo mihla kuyo.

Umgaqo anthropic kukuba ukuvela uluntu kwenziwa kwenzeka ngenxa iipropati ezithile ezinkulu-isikali iphela. Ukuba ezahlukeneyo, ukuze kungabikho namnye ubuya kwazi ihlabathi. Lo mgaqo sele phambili yi Carter B. eminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, kukho unxulumano phakathi ubukho nobukrelekrele iphela kunye parameters zayo. Oku kukhokelele ekuyilweni umbuzo indlela imida yehlabathi yethu ngengozi, ukuba banjani na ezihambelanayo. Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba kukho utshintsho kancinane kubo? Uhlalutyo lubonise ukuba nkqu utshintsho ezincinane physical iparameters ezingundoqo iza kukhokelela kukuba ubomi, yaye, ke ngoko, ingqondo nje abukho iphela.

Carter wavakalisa ubudlelwane phakathi ukuvela sezobuntlola kwindalo iphela kunye parameters yalo ekuqulunqeni olomeleleyo buthathaka. Umgaqo buthathaka anthropic ithi kuphela ukuba iimeko ezikhoyo kuyo, oku akungqubani ubukho bomntu. Strong Anthropic Umgaqo licebisa ubudlelwane ilukhuni. Yonke, ngokutsho kuye, kufuneka babe kwenza ukuba kwisigaba esithile yophuhliso, ivumela ubukho ababukeleyo.

coevolution

Imfundiso evolutionism zehlabathi kubaluleke kakhulu yaye into efana "co-kwemvelo". Eli gama lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela kwinqanaba elitsha, apho ubukho bomntu kunye nendalo iyavumelana. Umba we-zazivelela isekelwe kwinto yokuba abantu, ukutshintsha onokuphila ukuba kwizidingo iimfuno zabo, kufuneka utshintshe ukuba ukuhlangabezana neemfuno kwinjongo uhlobo. Lo mbono ubonisa ifomu kanzulu amava yoluntu indlela yembali, equlethe iimfuno ezithile kunye nokulawulwa leendibano zentlalo zendalo.

Ekuphetheni

evolutionism Global kunye umfanekiso mihla ehlabathini - isihloko ashushu kakhulu kwinzululwazi. Eli nqaku kuhlawulelwa kuphela imiba esisiseko namabinza. Ingxaki evolutionism yehlabathi, ukuba oyifunayo, ngaba kufundwa ixesha elide.