Umjikelo sulphur

Isalfure kuvela kumphezulu womhlaba ngenxa yomsebenzi mlilo ngohlobo iikhompawundi, ukongeza koku, amanzi nayo iqulethe hydrogen sulphide kwezinye iindawo. Cycle Isalfure iboniswe ziinkqubo zebhayoloji apho zibangelwa amagciwane kwi ukubola zezityalo nezilwanyana iintsalela. Phezu yokubola iiprotheni eziqulathe acid eziquka isalfure (cysteine, cystine, methionine), kunye nokucazululwa kuka-oyile ezibalulekileyo yezityalo kwakhiwa emanzini kunye mercaptan. Emanzini ngesi ekunciphiseni neetyuwa ze kabi acid, sulphuric acid kunye acids sernovatistoy ezibandakanya iintsholongwane sulfate-ukunciphisa kwaye kananjalo inxaxheba kumjikelo nesalfure.

Enyanisweni, lo emanzini hydrogen kwelifunekayo, izityalo, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nezilwanyana. Emanzini yiluciferase iibhaktheriya sulphur okhethekileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kusekwe sulfates leyo sebenzi kakuhle kakhulu ezi zityalo. izityalo kuhlelwe iikhompawundi nesalfure-aqulethe nazo zibandakanyiwe kumjikelo sulphur kwindalo. Ammonifiers kunye neentsholongwane sulfate-nokunciphisa ukulahla kubo emanzini. Umjikelo isalfure kwenzeka, kwelinye icala, ngeendleko iintsholongwane sulphur leyo oxidize emanzini.

iqela iintsholongwane sulphur

iintsholongwane Isalfure bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini: enemibala kunye nabebala purple.

Iifom enemibala zezi:

1) zonke iintlobo Beggiatoa - ende benkululeko. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezi kunazo zonke iintsholongwane;

2) iindidi ezithile Thiothrix - isekhona zixhobo elide ukuba incamathele izinto kwamanzi;

3) Iintlobo ezininzi iintsholongwane elilodwa single-- Thiophysa.

Zonke iintsholongwane - autotrophs. Umjikelo sulphur ikhuthaza olwenzeka yayo ngaphakathi kwi seli. Phantsi kweemeko zendalo, iintsholongwane sulphur ifumaneka kuphela kwiindawo apho emanzini iveliswa rhoqo kwaye apho kukho ugeleza oksijini. Movement iintsholongwane kwenzeka kwi plate yebhaktiriya. iintsholongwane Ukujikeleziswa sulphur kwi ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila kunyusa phansi umoya phezu emanzini. Layer Sea Black ntsholongwane imi kubunzulu omalunga 200 m.

Igcwala iintsholongwane sulphur oksijini lwenzeka ngokwamanqanaba amabini. Ekuqaleni, ke oxidized ukuba isalfure, efakwe kwi icytoplasm eziseleni kwaye isetyenziswa izinto energy enye.

Ukuba medium alisilingene emanzini na oxidized ngcembe ukuya sulphuric acid sulphur igcinwe. Oku namandla kunye bicarbonates Iseli uyagxothwa ngokohlobo neetyuwa sulfate.

Umjikelo sulphur ziphelele ngaphandle inxaxheba iintsholongwane sulphur nemfusa natyetyiswa bakteriopurpurinom sakhi, ebanika lineentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo obomvu, kunye photosynthesis mbala bacteriochlorophyll.

iintsholongwane sulphur kwindalo bandile. Bahlala imithombo isalfure, amile, intlenga yomhlaba, umhlaba. iibhaktheriya sulphur zibe autotrophic, ukufunxa carbon dioxide, esebenzisa amandla, oluthi luqokelelane yi igcwala kweentlobo sulphur lifinyele.

Kwiibhaktiriya sulphur ezingenambala ziquka thiobacteria yomibini Thiobacillus thioparus, Thiobacillus thiooxidans kunye nabanye. Ngaphandle hydrogen sulphide nesalfure ukuba oxidised thio khompawundi kwakhona autotrophs sele amtyuba namnandi emhlabeni.

Umjikelo sulphur sikhatshwa iinkqubo zokunciphisa, okubangelwa ziibhaktheriya isalfure, nto leyo maxa wambi ukufikelela ngokwendalo ngobukhulu emikhulu. KuLwandle Black unzulu m 200 iqulethe isixa esikhulu emanzini ezinjalo ukuba ubomi kukho into ime. Kunye nokwanda emanzini emhlabeni, ezele ngamanzi, inokuthintela ubomi bakhe izityalo kunye nezilwanyana.

Sulphate amagciwane ekunciphiseni kuba lokuphiliswa sulphuric amachibi zodaka ezininzi malunga Pyatigorsk, kumachweba kufuphi Odessa Yevpatoria. Le ntsholongwane zitshintshele kunye hydrogen sulphide ngendlela abaninzi abamnyama ukuphilisa colloidal ngayo emanzini yentsimbi, ukumithisa yl ndawo. Nokumelana yentsimbi kwakhona lwenzeka kwi abazifunelayo ngenxa apho umbhobho wamanzi amdaka ezonakeleyo kunye nonkcenkceshelo.

iibhaktheriya sulphur ababandakanyekayo unyango eziphilayo amanzi amdaka , yaye kubonisa esomeleleyo kungcoliseko lomhlaba namanzi zokuhlala.