Inkqubo Order of Greece Ancient neRoma

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba izakhiwo lonke jikelele yaphuhliswa phantsi kwempembelelo lwezoyilo odidi adalwe bezakhiwo edume Hellas. imisebenzi yabo ongenakonakala kangangeenkulungwane wakhonza lomzekelo wentsebenziswano waphefumlela bezakhiwo na ixesha apho isiqalo ngayo uphendlo lwabo lokudala inkqubo odolo of Greece yamandulo. Photo obonisa inqaku, ukunika ufifi iimpawu kwayo.

Ingcamango ukuze wezakhiwo

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuthetha malunga iimpawu odolo ezahlukahlukeneyo, ayikukha ibenzakalise ukucacisa intsingiselo umntu, rhoqo kangaka sokuyilwa kwikota. Ngaphantsi nje iqondwe sisincoko ngenxa unyango bezobugcisa izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo - ekwakhiweni kwayo post-and-nomqadi. Ukudibana elula ukuxhasa nkqo kunye oxwesileyo bar kuyo yaba ngumsebenzi wobugcisa.

AmaGrike ngemvelo yaba Umbono semvelo echaza ezininzi iimpawu ubomi ebonakala ezingenamsebenzi. Apha kwaye idibanise eqhelekileyo lweziqalelo zokwakha kunye nemihlathi elikumgangatho aphezulu, bakwazi ukubona uphawu lomzabalazo okulungileyo - inkxaso, yaye ububi - sikuxinile ukusuka phezulu ubunzima bayo le umqadi, iyimithi. Yho ukuba nakwizinto ephakamileyo ezinjalo, kuba moya akhe ngokwenene siphefumlelwe nabayili yamandulo.

Iintsika ezintathu izakhiwo yamandulo Greek

Inkqubo oda izakhiwo Greece yamandulo isekelwe phezu kweentsika ezintathu, yaba isiseko lonke ixesha ubukho yale mpucuko ephambili. Ngezantsi kubo ngokuqhelekileyo iqondwe njengoko Doric umyalelo, i Ionic kunye laseKorinte. La magama bavela kwiindawo apho wabonakala ukwakha kuqala, ziphawulwe imisebenzi yawo ke lowo wengcibi yokuluka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, aba kungekho zindlu eziqhelekileyo kunye nezakhiwo zoluntu okanye amabandla.

Akukho ngengozi ukuba izakhiwo zonqulo Ziqulethe iziqhamo labazobi iphefumlelwe yoyilo. Unqulo izithixo ziquka inkqubo isiko kuphela, kodwa zifuna ifomu okhethekileyo kakhulu yobuhle ukudala zonke izinto yetempile, kuquka uyilo yayo zokwakha kunye umhombiso oqingqiweyo.

style Early bobugcisa Greece yamandulo

inkqubo order Ukudibanisa kwi sokuyilwa yamandulo eGrisi na iingcambu ezendeleyo zembali. Naxa ekuqaleni kakhulu - akudala - zakhiwa kwixesha, iimpawu ubugcisa ezibizwa Doric. Iitempile, lwenziwa kwi indlela lokuba ezintle, ukubawa enkulu kunye pops up. Owayephila AD I ngenkulungwane, wakubeka edume wezakhiwo waseRoma yaye injineli Vitruvius wayichaza ngokuthi "yindoda."

Le wihi iimpawu ezinjalo kuba kwacaca xa ubona iikholam ezinkulu, ukudala kubonakale yamandla, ekwaziyo withstanding nayiphi na umthwalo. Kwangaxeshanye, kumphezulu wazo wayifulela longitudinal ngokwandisa ecaleni ezimanyeneyo vee, iqaqambisa wolangazelelo phezulu, kwaye idala ingqiqo ebanzi, apho, xa ngamaqondo ahlukahlukeneyo, bonke ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo odolo of Greece yamandulo.

Ngokufutshane echaza le ubuchule bokwakha, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba isiphumo sesindululo kuyafikelelwa yi ifomu kunye kwiikholam - base wabo kwaye tapered phezulu. Iyafana isilawuli se ethile, ezijolise esibhakabhakeni - ehlala izithixo babenqula etempileni. Le ndlela yokubhala lusebenza enye injongo - etsobhileyo nenqaba silhouette na kwisimo esikhulu kakhulu counteraction womxhuzulane ngaphezu shape aso nkqo.

Iindidi iitempile Doric

Evelele kumhlathi - capital - luphawulwa kukungabikho ukuhonjiswa kwaye iquka a yakhiwe agudileyo khaxa, ekuthiwa echinus, kunye ipleyiti ebuxande - abacus. Akukho ngaphezulu. ubuhle ntiyiso inkunzi kufuneka akukho ukuzilungisa. Nangona kunjalo, oku art akuthethi ukuba inkqubo yoku-odola of Greece yamandulo eyakhokelela ekubeni usenza intw iitempile yangaphandle, senziwa-sikhokelo isimbo esithile.

Ngenxa yokufana jikelele olinganise iitempile Doric wakhangela ngokwahlukileyo. Yonke into kwakuxhomekeke ephakamileyo nesikhundla iikholam, ngokunjalo enkulu zokwakha jikelele. Kwezinye iimeko, loo nto idala ingqiqo gravity kubiza, ngoxa abanye - ubulula nobabalo. Ukuze ubone oku, khangela nje omkhulu Pestumskogo ifomu itempile Poseidon, nokuba ukuzithelekisa nabo a lichaza ezidadayo le ingcwele Hephaestus kwi Agora.

Ukuvela umgaqo wobuciko kwi bokwakha

Emva kwexesha elithile, sele zebhola inkcubeko iMeditera, inkqubo odolo of Ancient Greece iye natyetyiswa ngenye indlela yokuyilwa eyaziwa ngokuba umyalelo Ionic. Ngokungafaniyo umzalwana wakhe UDorian, ngubani kuthwelwe iifomu zawo njengendoda, waba yimbonakaliso ubufazi nobabalo, wabonakaliswa ulwandlalo neyi lwemihlathi, nokuchulumacha lulonke kwiitempile zobukhulu.

Ukongeza, abakhi isiGrike, ngokukhuthazwa countrywomen yalo entle, wenza iingqukuva columns ngohlobo sekile, sifunda webele lomfazi, ehonjiswe ngezinto isityebi ngohlobo namaso. Nelembande yenziwa nzulu ukuze bakwazi ukunceda kumboniseli enxulumene Imihlubulo ilokhwe yakhe.

Umbono iyonke nababhinqileyo kunye inkanuko caryatides yongezwe - amanani ababhinqileyo, esetyenziswa njengoko lisekela ezongezelelweyo. Baba umahluko elibukhali olwalukho amanani kwiitempile Doric enamandla kwaye lisibekele le Atlanteans.

Imihlobo Ionic style

Izakhiwo lilungu umyalelo Ionic, abazange eyohlobo olulodwa. Baye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezikuvumela ukuba bazohlule babe Asia Minor iinketho yokugcina kubo. Okokuqala ekuvezeni olunzulu babangenagama ezahlukeneyo kunye nokungabikho owawukuDonga - band uhombiso oqingqiweyo, ndinibumbela ezincotsheni iindonga. Ifumaneka kungeyonto ayenza rhoqo. Eliphezulu ukhetho eqhelekileyo ngakumbi. Yile isimbo inkqubo idumileyo umyalelo yokuyilwa of Greece yamandulo. Agora kakhulu idume ngobuwena yayo.

Ezi mpawu ezikhethekileyo yeetempile ATTIC ingaba kubizwa ngokuba entablature umaleko ezintathu-- imiqadi yophahla, wahlala phezu kwemiqadi eyayixhaswa ziintsika axhasayo. Ukongeza, ukuba luphawulwa owawukuDonga eqhubekayo ijikeleza yonke kujikelezo isakhiwo yaye ngokufuthi ezihonjiswe sisincoko zokuhombisa.

Ngokubanzi, itempile Ionic, bonke ubuhle bayo engenakuphikwa, kuba ethile omnye ezinkulu - iinkcukacha ziquka kumafa kwabo, baye evinjwa ingqwalasela ebanzi. Ngokutsho iimpawu zoyilo, ayemahle omnye kuphela icala elithile. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba inkqubo yoku-odola yamandulo eGrisi kwakufuneka isimbo esitsha, yaza yahluzwa ngakumbi yaye ubhetyebhetye.

Style, ithathe impumelelo eminyaka

Baba umyalelo laseKorinte, eyenzelwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo amandla kunye nobuthathaka ababengaphambi zayo zombini. Ke kuthwelwe eyona iimpawu zazo. Oko kuwo wafumana igqibeke zizele inkqubo odolo of Greece yamandulo. Legend yokuba kumdlali, umakhi yamandulo yesiGrike Callimachus wakha wabona ebona kwinkumbulo yakhe.

Emi ibhinqa eliselula yamaGrike engcwabeni Ingobozi iintyatyambo zigqunywe acanthus yantshula imivalo yakhe amasebe aluhlaza. Ngokuba kumnandi gqitha wezakhiwo, uye wadala nemihlathi emininzi, neengqukuva apho wabona ngokutsha. Ayemahle kuzo zonke iimbono, yaye iindlela zabo isiseko ngokudala umyalelo omtsha bokwakha.

Ukhankanywe umyili waseRoma Vitruvii kuthelekiswa eKorinte ikholam esincinane silhouettes namantombazana. Mu kuya kwa nshita UDorian kunye neesampuli Corinth zikhangeleka dyondzisaka kunye bakulindele. Ukongeza, umsebenzi osontelwe ezingqukuveni aseKorinte kunye entablature, ukongeza banzi zabo, ebonakala ngu uhombiso osisityebi, lubanike jonga festive eliqaqambileyo.

abalandeli baseRoma yamaGrike yamandulo

inkqubo Order of Greece yamandulo wakhonza njengesiseko indalo kunye nophuhliso izimbo bobugcisa uBukhosi baseRoma. Kodwa ngokungafaniyo eminyaka edlulileyo, kwisithuba kamva yembali yehlabathi, ukwanda akazange abathathu, kodwa abahlanu zimvume. Kuba njengelifa labazobi Greek nangokuyilayo kuyasetyenzwa kwakhona indlela labazobi baseRoma kongezwa ezimbini ntlandlolo ngabo - Tuscan kunye Composite.

I elula indlela Tuscan. It waphawulwa ngenxa kwimiqolo ezinkulu kwaye lula Doric entablature - onezibonda silingi ngangokolulwa kweminwe, wayedla ezenziwe ngokhuni. WaseRoma ukuze Doric kunye Roman Ionic ngokubanzi lokuyivelisa AMAGQABAZA ▸ kwabo isiGrike, kodwa ezinye iinguqulelo. Ke ukuze balungele isimbo labalandeli, loo nto ithathwa i inzima kakhulu isakhiwo sayo, njengoko zimelwe yi iseti izinto zabanye odolo ezine.

Lilitye lesiseko nakubugcisa jikelele

Asikokubaxa ukuba athi sesakhiwo Greece yamandulo, inkqubo yoku-odola nokwafumanekayo nokuqhubekeka yalo imisebenzi nabayili baseRoma, yaba sisiseko apho kamva lonke World bokwakha Classical. Okubona ngenyameko ngemisebenzi yakhe edumileyo kunokubonwa kwezi zinto kuza kwihlabathi lethu ezinzulwini yamandulo iinkulungwane.