Donato Bramante - wezakhiwo obalaseleyo Italian Renaissance

Donato Di Paskuchchi d'Antonio (1444-1514), eyaziwa ngokuba Bramante bobabo iinkosi omkhulu Renaissance. Wazalwa phantsi kwelanga eliqaqambileyo kunye nesibhakabhaka blue eItali, kunye nabahlobo lwabantwana kunye ezikhumbuzo best yamandulo, kodwa wadala nje imisebenzi emikhulu yobugcisa, kunye elithile yonke imbali.

Ukuqala bobuchule

Donato, eyakhulela kwintsapho yamahlwempu duchy ka Urbino, kuqala wafunda ukupeyinta yaye waphumelela fashion ngelo xesha udonga, nto leyo idala inkohliso of indawo. Kodwa umntwana, njengoko umbhali wakhe Dzhordzho Vazari, waba nomdla geometry yaye benze izibalo ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo.

Phezu kwako nje ukuthandwa Donato Bramante, kwincwadi engobomi bakhe kude epheleleyo. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi malunga neminyaka yokuqala womzobi inqabile kakhulu, kodwa siyazi ukuba wahamba kakhulu, enza imiyalelo ezincinane e Urbino, Bergamo, Mantua, Florence kunye nezinye izixeko Italian. Isiphumo yale neyokudinga zibe amava kunye nolwazi aye amiswa kuphela ngexesha lokusebenza, kodwa zaphenjelelwa iintlanganiso kunye iinkosi ebalaseleyo elo xesha.

Xa kwesazinge enkulu

Ubuchule saphenjelelwa Bramante nabayili abaziwayo, ngabapeyinti kunye abakroli of Italy: uFilippo Brunelleschi, Ercole de 'Roberti, Andrea Mantegna kunye nabanye. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba Donato waba intlanganiso uLeonardo da Vinci, naye yena ezinxulumene ngokusondeleyo. Kodwa kwenzeka kamva xa Bramante ibeyinto inkosi esivunyiweyo. Sikunye Leonardo, wasebenza phezu bokwakha kuyilo kwimiba lantern - a wokongeza i-on ezikhethekileyo lwesakhiwo izakhiwo ezenza kuphela umsebenzi zokuhombisa, kodwa waba ekukhanyeni kunye umoya.

iiklasi ukupeyinta

Ixesha lokuqala yomsebenzi womzobi iye yanxulunyaniswa ngestibhiya, nakuba ke Bramante yenza imizobo kunye nemizobo zamanxuwa zamandulo kwaye azobe imizobo kunye nemizobo lwezakhiwo.

Le mizobo lokusinda kuphela inkosi i "uKristu kwi uluhlu" - ukupeyinta phezu kweenkuni e Abbey Chiaravalle, kufuphi Milan. Le artist likwazile ukwenza umfanekiso esengqiqweni kakhulu kabuhlungu ukuba umbukeli unalo negalelo elikhulu iimvakalelo. Yokudweba uqobo ibonisa sibubona Donato Bramante ubuchule yokuluka - ekudaleni inkohliso of indawo enkulu.

Umhombiso le ngaphakathi belisoloko nomtsalane Donato ngaphezu ukupeyinta ibali necebo lakhe umfanekiso isithuba ngobugcisa iye yaba nefuthe umsebenzi amagcisa Italian ezifana Ambrogio Bergognone, Bernardo Dzenale kunye nabanye.

Kodwa bebuthanda izakhiwo wayenamandla, kwaye kule minyaka ingama-80 ka inkosi wazinikela ngokupheleleyo kule ndawo. Cardinal Ascanio Sforza wasondela ingqalelo Donato Bramante, ogama ziye zaziwa imisebenzi, waza wamcela ukuba eMilan.

Church of Santa Maria presso San eKhwencayo

Lo ukuzivandlakanya kokuqala eyakhiwe ngokupheleleyo yi Bramante. Yakhiwa ngenkulungwane XI, kodwa ke inkosi yalo ngokupheleleyo kwakhona izicwangciso-kwaye yakhiwe indlu, ukudala iprojekthi wenza abatsha, kunye odumileyo Giovanni Amadeo.

Le nkonzo ke yakhiwa ngokwesithethe ekuqaleni sale Renaissance, Noko ke, iindlela ezintsha sele ngayo, kwakunye Lyubov Donato Bramante ukuba izakhiwo yamandulo.

Ngaphakathi ibandla, ingakumbi olwimi (kwindawo esibingelelweni, elibamba iingubo zababingeleli kunye nempahla), ingumnini yi Bramante. Kukho ngokucacileyo ngendlela ebonakalayo wegcisa, ngokukodwa nokupeyinta elingaphakathi. Ukunqongophala kwendawo akavumelekanga ukuba enze ecaweni engqungqa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye lokwakha uye wadala njengendlela nokupeyinta wento engekhoyo isithuba kwaye wazoba ekungqungqeni kwenye yeendonga.

Sele kuyilo umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala bokwakha Donato wazingqina umzobi obalaseleyo.

Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie

Wena ube kwizakhiwo ezininzi ezintle ye-Italian Renaissance. Ekuqaleni, ibandla lakhiwa ngokungqinelana izimiso Gothic, kodwa Bramante wenza ukuba ngezakhiwo, utshintsho olukhulu, ezifana apse triple kunye evarandeni Troff kwi indlela laseKorinte. Ezo ezongeziweyo ezingalindelekanga isakhiwo Gothic benze eli bandla isakhiwo bokwakha unique ngokupheleleyo.

Umsebenzi kule projekthi wabonisa uluntu iinkosi ezinkulu ezimbini Italian Renaissance. ULeonardo da Vinci wazoba phezu komnyango ukuya medallion ecaweni enomfanekiso Madonna. Kwaye sibona i umxhasi amanene ecaleni Virgin uMariya wabeka mzobo Lodoviko Sfortsa kunye nomfazi wakhe.

Ithuba waseRoma uyilo

NgoSeptemba 1499, amajoni French ahlala Milan, kunye Bramante waya eRoma, apho uPope Julius II wammisela kwisikhundla sokuba ngumzobi oyintloko eVatican.

Phantsi kolwalathiso Donato Bramante wakha Arcade iicawa eziliqela, kuko okwadala ukuba kuyilwe iyadi elikhulu Belvedere Palace Kanchelleriya ulungisa, ethatha inxaxheba ekwakheni kwibhotwe wenkundla kunye kuyilo Basilica St. uPetros. Kodwa kwincopho ubuchule bakhe na ezi zakhiwo emikhulu, kunye indlwana yesikhumbuzo.

Tempetto e San Pietro e Montorio

Le rotunda ezincinane setyhula, eyakhiwa apho Apostol Pet emnqamlezweni, ingqalelo enye indalo kakhulu ukuba sidalwe Renaissance abakhi Italy.

Tempetto ivumelane kakhulu, omnye usenokuthi, enhle ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa ifomu bokwakha. Ngelishwa, ngenxa narrowness bentendelezo kweDominican weemonki ifoto ecaweni kwi nembono elungeleleneyo kunzima, ngoko akukho mfanekiso akuthethi azibonisi ubuhle bayo.

Embindini rotunda kwakhona kwenziwa iprojekthi Bramante. Apha, nika umdlalo ngokupheleleyo italente yakhe kwaye wezakhiwo kunye ngumzobi.

Donato Bramante wafa Aprili 11, 1514 eRoma, yaye yokungabi ixesha ukugqiba umsebenzi zibalaseleyo ebomini bakhe - iprojekthi ye eSt uPetros Basilica. Indima yale evelele kuphuhliso Renaissance lwezakhiwo ayibalulekanga ngaphantsi igalelo uLeonardo da Vinci kunye Raphael e peyinta kwaye sculpture yi uMichelangelo.