Architecture le Renaissance

Ekuveleni kwiinkulungwane 15-16 eYurophu kwabakho inkqubo bokwakha entsha ngokupheleleyo - Renaissance style. Xa ngenye indlela, njengoko nisazi, eli xesha - le Renaissance. Le sesakhiwo eli xesha lokutshintsha nokuphucula ngenxa ngokudibana kunye nempembelelo macala nezithethe zasekuhlaleni kunye neendlela ezintsha abavela ngaphandle. Renaissance - kubaluleke kakhulu utshintsho olubalulekileyo kuphela wobuciko kodwa endle kwezoqoqosho nakwezentlalo phantse onke amazwe aseYurophu. Oku kubangelwe ubukhulu becala utshintsho ugxininiso entsimini kweendlela zorhwebo, ukuyilwa amatsha amaziko mveliso norhwebo ngenxa ukufunyanwa kwelizwekazi American, esomeleza impembelelo Turkish kwiiBalkans, kwiinguqu ezimandla nenkcubeko abaci.

Ngexesha Renaissance, oko yandiswa kakhulu kunye nolwazi linzulu zehlabathi, iye ihlawulwe ingqalelo enkulu indima yomntu ehlabathini kunye noluntu. Le ndoda elifanelekileyo ngoku - ukuyifunda, umntu ngokwasemzimbeni womelele-nkani ngubani, ukuba kuyimfuneko, uyakwazi yokuzilungiselela ngokuzithemba abo amalungelo, ukutshintsha nokuphucula ihlabathi. Wavuka waza wokomeleza iklasi entsha - oongxowankulu, nto leyo izama ukuyila nokuzalisekisa indlela yabo. Qulunqa indlela entsha ngokupheleleyo kwinzululwazi, ubugcisa, noncwadi, ifilosofi, kwaye, kakade, izakhiwo. Kuzo zonke ezi zifo, abantu bakucaphukele elifeni wamandulo, echaza igagasi umdla kunye zobugcisa amandulo kunye bokwakha.

Ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa zobugcisa ephakathi kunye nokugqwesa oomatshini yokwakha Renaissance ngezakhiwo kunye nophuhliso enxulumene nokuphuculwa ubugcisa kwakungayi kuba yimpumelelo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-15 ibe nempembelelo enamandla kakhulu izakhiwo yaseByzantium kunye nocwangciso lweedolophu, nayo leyo negalelo Renaissance bokwakha. Alithandabuzeki elokuba, sesakhiwo Renaissance kuthetha entsha ngokupheleleyo, isigaba eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo uphuhliso lwezakhiwo yehlabathi. Langutana waba ukwanda kwisikali zobunjineli yehlabathi nembambano, iitempile neecawa baqalisa ukukhangela ezahlukeneyo. Umnqweno nabayili abasebenza kwinkulungwane 15-16, ulwakhiwo ngqo kwi indlela ukulandela iindlela zakudala kunye nobuchule ichazwe kwi yokuzala lweziqalelo zokuhombisa kunye unika-mali.

Le sesakhiwo Renaissance waphawulwa ngenxa ngqo, ukuhlanganiswa ezifundweni echanekileyo kunye neenkcukacha zokwakha kunye ibonwe ngaphambili, njengoko kwakunjalo kumaxesha amandulo. Xa ekuqaleni Renaissance izivatho zokuhombisa kunye nezinto nokuhombisa ezokuhombisa ziye wadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa Renaissance oluphakathi kunye kade, indima yezi zinto lifinyele.

Le sesakhiwo Renaissance akazange ukuphuhlisa ngokufanayo kuwo onke amazwe, nkqu Italy - kwakukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi ngasentla nangasezantsi ombuso. Ezizezi - e Venice kunye inxalenye esemntla iyonke yelizwe indima ubuchule zokuhombisa ubumkhulu kakhulu.

Kwilizwe ngalinye eYurophu waba iimpawu zayo kunye awohluke kokwakhiwa. Noko ke, unako ukulandelela kwaye ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, alahle iziseko zamatye isidumbu zokuyilwa Gothic kunye akukhethayo inkqubo entsha kwesakhiwo - okulula kakhulu bhetyebhetye, enoqoqosho nkqu lula umsebenzi wezakhiwo. Esi sakhiwo amanqugwala kunye zodaka (umnqamlezo, torispherical, usiya, bafaka, kwaye uThixo amajukujuku ungqukuva) usebenzisa izinto nanonelela iisilingi ngomthi imigangatho izakhiwo, ezisekele uphahla luthi. Kuba ejamelene kwezitena kusetyenziswa udaka, nezemarmore, ilitye. Le lining waba ubugcisa kunye nexabiso zeplastiki. Nendlela ubuhle kunye nezinto nokuhombisa izivatho ukususela kwasekuqaleni baba eqhelekileyo phantse onke amazwe.

Renaissance bokwakha kuthetha ukudala nje izibonelelo ezintle zemisebenzi, kodwa ngokunika ukubaluleka ukuba umbhali - senkosi artist oye a ubuntu ekhethekileyo. Nakule lehlabathi Renaissance lwezakhiwo sibhalwe ngonaphakade amagama iinkosi enkulu - Bramante, Alberti, Brunelleschi, Bramonte, Delorme, uMichelangelo, Herrera, Jones.