Ulwakhiwo yaseByzantium - ubungangamsha leyinene

Imbali izakhiwo yaseByzantium babeyihamba ezintathu, ezizezi ekuqaleni - 5 kwenkulungwane-8 ukuya, i-avareji - ukusuka 8 ukuya kwele-13 kunye nevuthisayo -, ngokulandelelana, ukuba ngenkulungwane ye-15. ixesha bade ibhekisa phakathi kwenkulungwane yesi-6 - loMlawuli Justinian.

izakhiwo yaseByzantium ngokubanzi iphawulwa Yindibanisela nezithethe zakudala kunye yaseMpuma. Yena izama lidlule eRoma okumangalisayo obutofotofo kuba ukukha magcisa aphambili kunye zezona ngcali zinetalente. Inguqu ukusuka kwixesha lamandulo ukuya amaxesha kumaXesha Aphakathi yabalasela iinguqu ezibalulekileyo ngokuphathelelene nemiba engundoqo neyintsusa izakhiwo kunye nenkcubeko ngokubanzi. Ukuze endaweni anthropocentrism iza Theocentricism, ukwenza zonke iinkalo zobugcisa kubakhonzi gqitha zonqulo ebandleni.

izakhiwo yaseByzantium imelwe izakhiwo eziphambili ebethelela amandla kukarhulumente kunye nebandla, amabhotwe, nezingqameko loloyiso, iitempile.

Eyona mpumelelo ibalulekileyo zakhiwo yaseByzantium zijongwa iitempile emnqamlezweni. Le nkundla eliphezulu-art kule zeephiriyodi ibekwe yoonongendi ezaqanjwa ezo ring-obiyelweyo kwizakhiwo uhlobo olulodwa.

Ilifa eRoma ukuya Byzantium wegqitha isakhiwo arch-amanqugwala, kodwa akazange athathe izixhobo eziphathekayo, ukuba indawo ilitye kunye lwezitena. izakhiwo yezakhiwo abazange ngumse- izinto zokuhombisa. Iindonga zidla ezihonjiswe esekelwe, ukupeyinta kaMoses okanye nemàbhula. Ngaba arcade zithandwa - imiqolo nakwiingqameko ezifanayo ixhaswe ziintsika, kotoroye wenza ogudileyo kwaye monolithic kunye neengqukuva ezinkulu. Ngenxa ezininzi zivula enhle kwi kwawo wadalwa ukukhanya isiphumo misa ndawonye phezu etempileni.

izakhiwo yaseByzantium inee- izakhiwo luphawulwa tofo nobutyebi kwi elingaphakathi, leyo, ngenxa isikali kunye isithuba elikhulu Ongayinikeliyo uxinzelelo phezu mntu.

Owona mzekelo iphawulekayo kunye ababalaseleyo arch-amanqugwala bokwakha ingqalelo eConstantinople Nozipho Cathedral. Le kwindlu yonqulo angqukuva wawusakhiwa edumileyo wezakhiwo Greek Isidore kunye Anthemios engama-30 ngenkulungwane yesi-6.

Le yokwakha ithathwa bokwakha njengomzekelo izizukulwana ezizayo, kwaye zaphenjelelwa kakhulu kuphuhliso olungaphezulu kuphela baseByzantium, kodwa ihlabathi izakhiwo.
Nobukhulu likaThixo kule ndlu Liquka uThixo amajukujuku omkhulu, imiqolo naziiperile emhlophe kunye ebhanyabhanya nodonga yinzwakazi.

izakhiwo yaseByzantium ukubonisa ukutshintsha iinkolelo zonqulo. Ukususela ngoku, ibandla wayengekho igumbi nje yokugcina ngenxa eqingqiweyo kaThixo, yaye uye waba yindawo yokuhlangana kunye nemithandazo abathembekileyo, nto leyo udalelwe kwindlu yonqulo, leyo esetyenziswa yi amaRoma njenge isakhiwo kwetyala. Ngaphakathi kwetempile iye ibaluleke ngaphezu ingaphandle.
izakhiwo omkhulukazi zazakhiwe ikakhulu ngezitena, ezo zibanjwa kunye nesisombululo. Kuba ejamelene neengqameko kusetyenziswa iglasi mosaic, kunye imigangatho kunye neendonga - naziiperile. A phawu uphawu amabandla zakhiwo yaseByzantium yaba ukwakhiwa kwawo, ukuba ulisibekele eluphahleni. The Dome iye yasetyenziswa eRoma, kodwa koko lwabekwayo uluntu kwisakhiwo setyhula, kwaye amaByzantine okwesihlandlo sokuqala ujoyine isikwere okanye ukwakha oluxande into setyhula. Imilo ye kwawo yokuqala baqhathe ngakumbi ngexesha lolwakhiwo ibandla lamaByzantine.

style yaseByzantium zakhiwo ubukhulu becala nempembelelo isikolo sesakhiwo kumazwe amaninzi. istampu sakhe kunokubonwa iintlafuno esasiseSisili, Venice, Germany kunye France. Phantse wathabatha ngokupheleleyo eRashiya yayo, Georgia, Serbia, Armenia, isekela izithethe yalo.

izakhiwo yaseByzantium wendele iintsingiselo iphikisana kakhulu notyekelo obabusenza kube art nzima kakhulu kwaye ezintle. Nazi ezihlangene mibala abstract oriental kunye neefom ezintsha zobugcisa kunye nempumelelo, bonke sekhombuya phezu ngelaphu lobuchwepheshe zobugcisa, wazibeka sesakhiwo eRoma.