UNikolai Martynov, kwabulawa Kungquzulwano M. Yu Lermontova:. Biography

ukufa Pushkin kwiminyaka nje 4 emva wanyikima iRussia wabamba ezimbini zokucwangcisa, phakathi M. Yu. Lermontovym kunye umhlala Major UNikolai Martynov. Ngenxa yoko, imbongi exheliweyo omnye inxaxheba yomlo ngaphandle nge lokunqanda kwinyanga ezintathu kunye bomthendeleko. Nangona yokugqibela ezimbini zokucwangcisa Lermontov, eyaphelela ekufeni kwakhe, ezenzeka kwiminyaka engaphezu-175 eyadlulayo, kusekho ingxoxo elidlulileyo malunga nokuba okanye hayi NS Martynov udubule umntu ikhuphe umpu emoyeni, oko kukuthi. E. Sizinikele kubulawa.

imvelaphi

Ukuze siqonde ngcono iintshukumisa nezenzo zabantu, bullet wawabekayo isiphelo ngobomi elifutshane M. Yu. Lermontova, kufuneka ufunde malunga nemvelaphi yayo.

Ngoko ke, NS Martynov wazalelwa eMoscow yezikhulu. Uyisemkhulu waceba yiwayini ethengwe ngaphandle, okt. E., kuba imali evela kurhulumente fumene ilungelo ukuba arhafise irhafu kulwabiwo lwezithuba uyasela, oko waphumelela gqitha. Ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha kwakukholelwa ukuba nabanumzana abafanele ukuba benze kwaloo mcimbi. Noko ke, uMikhail Ilyich nangona neentloni kakhulu kuyo, ngokungathi sithi namhlanje, ishishini wayefuna kunjalo unyana wakhe ukuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe, njengoko wabanika ingeniso ngokuthe ngcembe. Wabiza igama lakhe, uncharacteristic ukuba abantu kwiklasi yakhe. Ngenxa yoko, uNikolay Solomonovich Martynov, ubuzwe leyo Lermontov nangoko emva kokufa yaba ndaba Intelekelelo yile ngokungathandabuzekiyo Russian.

Abazali nobuntwana

Uyise Martynova Solomon Mihaylovich Martynov Wavuka ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla uCeba State waza wafa ngo-1839. Umfazi wakhe, Elizabeth M. weza kwintsapho amanene Tarnowski. usapho nje Martynovs kwakukho abantwana abasibhozo: oonyana 4 neentombi 4. Baye, ingakumbi amakhwenkwe, bafumana imfundo esemgangathweni, imali eyaneleyo ukuze bazive bekhululekile kwindawo ulutsha segolide kunye nenkangeleko ezahlukeneyo nomtsalane.

UNikolai Martynov wazalwa ngo-1815 yaye kuphela konyaka ongaphantsi kwe Lermontov. Ukusuka Esengumntwana, yayitalente umsebenzi yaye kungekudala waqalisa ukubhala isihobe, bexelisa iimbongi adumileyo ngexesha lakhe.

ekufundeni

Ngowe-1831, UNikolai Martynov wangena unogada yesikolo sub-zamisa kunye kabini mahashe. Kulo nyaka mnye yena kamva Lermontov. Le yokugqibela Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ufake isicelo ukuba lirhoxe Moscow University of imbali ezingemnandi nomnye oonjingalwazi, kwaye eSt Petersburg akazange afune ukuyenza; ngokuba apho wacelwa ukuba ukuphinda-ukuqala uqeqesho kwisifundo sokuqala.

Nikolayev-Calvary School, nto yeza kubantu abatsha, wayengomnye edumileyo eRashiya. Kwathabatha ngabafo kuphela emva ukufunda eyunivesithi okanye kwizikolo zabucala zokubhoda, owaba akukho uqeqesho emkhosini. Ngoxa ukufunda ndawonye amaxesha Lermontov kunye uNikolay Solomonovich Martynov njenge fencer kwi spadroon yaye kakhulu eziqhelekileyo. Ukongeza, imbongi yaziswa kumalungu amaninzi emzalwaneni Martynov nomntakwabo Nicholas - Michael - yaba ofunda bakhe. Kamva, naye wabhala ukuba omnye bosisi Nicholas wada waba yinxalenye prototype Princess Mary. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba unina Martynov izimvo elimsulwa kakhulu malunga Lermontov ngenxa iziqhulo bakhe ukuphoxisa, kodwa unyana wakhe uSimeon kunye italente echaza kwikholeji idlelane lakhe.

ofisi

Emva kokugqiba izifundo zakhe uNikolay lid wathunyelwa kukhonza kwi odume ngoxa-Calvary webutho, nto leyo kweli xesha igosa dantes. Ngexesha i abaseAfrika beMfazwe , yena, ngathi abaninzi nesizukulwana sakhe, waya ngokuzithandela kwi phambili ngethemba nodumo abuyele omkhulu udidi kunye nezinto nokuhombisa zomkhosi. Apho, ngexesha kwiphulo lomkhosi wona abaseAfrika ngaphesheya komlambo Kuban, uNikolay Solomonovich Martynov wazibonakalisa igosa onesibindi. Kuba ngumbandela zomkhosi ngayo kwakuhlwa wawongwa Order of St. Anna isaphetha, yaye ngoxolo kunye umyalelo.

ukuba ehle

Abanezimo yokuba UNikolai Martynov ukuze ithemba kakuhle umsebenzi ngempumelelo. Noko ke, kude kube sizathu ngoku ayaziwa ngo-1841, lo gama kungathi ukuba elikwinqanaba Major (ukukhumbula ukuba phantse Lermontov owayephila yakhe ngelo xesha kuphela Lieutenant), engalindelanga izicelo zongcethezelo isikhundla sakhe. Kwathiwa ukuba loo mfana kwanyanzeleka ukuba enze loo nto, kuba yena obanjwe bakopa ngexesha umdlalo ikhadi phakathi amagosa yayigqalwa isenzeko lihlazo kakhulu. Wakhetha amarhe ezinjalo, abaninzi ezicatshulweyo into yokuba UNikolai Martynov, ababa izibonelelo ezaneleyo zemali kunye nonxibelelwano, ababuyelanga enozinzo, ningashukunyiswa nimke eluntwini Pyatigorsk yaye wayephila ubomi ngasese. Phakathi iindwendwe kunye noluntu Russian sendawo eyaziwa ngokuba lukhuni owayesakuba mountaineers ezinkulu original njengoko iimpahla ryadilsya wahamba ngemela enkulu, ibangela nesicukucezo abasuka nabo.

M. Yu. Lermontov eCaucasus

Ngo-1841, imbongi sele malivakale Russia enkosi kwisihobe Pushkin. Umakhulu Trouble unezihlobo anempembelelo phakathi inkundla ukuba ukuba ukuphepha isohlwayo ezimandundu. Koko wathunyelwa eCaucasus ibhanile Nizhny Novgorod webutho. Olu hambo lwathatha kakhulu elide, yaye kungekudala kwakhona nokukhanya kwelo zokuzilungisa ikomkhulu likaThixo. izinto Mhlawumbi bekuya kuba ezahlukeneyo ukuba bangaxabani endlwini ka sisidwangube de Laval Ernest Barant. Unyana ngonozakuzaku French wabona ukuba anyeliswe ngendlela epigram, apho, njengokuba yena waxelela abahlobo macala wabhala M. Yu. Lermontov. Ngexesha ezimbini zokucwangcisa, leyo kwenzeka kufuphi isiza apho yena uhlatywe nogada Pushkin, nto kabuhlungu kwenzeke: ikrele enye azinakuze yaphuka Barante Poswayo, kwaye shot imbongi emoyeni. Noko ke, ukufihla into yokuba umdlalo abanakukwazi, kwaye imbongi elubhacweni eCaucasus, nangona wenza iinzame ukurhoxa.

Izizathu Kungquzulwano Martynov

Ngoko kuqala ndivela Northern kwi Capital ukuya aseStavropol, apho ibutho lakhe Tengin, yaye emva kwethutyana waya eholideyini emfutshane Pyatigorsk. Kwaye abahlobo babezama ukweyisela kuye ukuba enze njalo. Apho wadibana abaninzi nabazana naye St. Petersburg, kuquka Martynov. Ububi ulwimi Lermontov kakhulu imbonakalo imfazwe umdla owayesakuba ofunda. Le yokugqibela sele ayemzonda elide nenqala wembongi, kuba wayecinga ukuba jeered kwi kuye epigrams zakhe, eziquka amagama Martysh noSolomon. Kamva, njengoko unobangela ezimbini zokucwangcisa, wabonwa kwaye uguqulelo njengako apho Martynov wayecinga ukuba Lermontov sengozini udade wayo. Kwathiwa wabonisa usukuzwano ulutsha malunga uthanda ongumdlali French ogama Adele, lowo tour eCaucasus.

umqolo

Kwiintsuku ezimbini phambi nentlekele baphambili naye badibana kwikhaya General Verzilina. Kwakukho ndandikho okwesibini elilandelayo imbongi kunye nomhlobo wakhe omdala, Prince Troubetzkoy, kwakunye umfazi kunye nentombi yomnikazi yendlu. Phambi kwabo, Lermontov waqalisa ukukhulula nameva kwi "yasezintabeni 'etyeni. Xa ingozi embi kwi amagama umculo bema, ababesithi bona bakuva ngabo bonke, kuquka Martynov, njengesiqhelo, ambethe Circassian. Njengoko kamva Wakhumbula abahlobo macala Lermontov kunye Martynov, ixesha lokuqala ukuba imbongi bemsinekela umhlala ezinkulu kwakungelula. Wakrota nje kwakunokwenzeka ukuba benze ukuba iziqhulo akukho ngokunxulumene kulo. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha ngokuhlwa zomculo kwi Verzilin oko konke kucace kakhulu, kwaye ezimbini zokucwangcisa Lermontov kunye Martynov waba lokulwa. Abanomsindo "nkomo" phezulu wathi ukuba ayisekho ufuna ukwenza iziqhulo, washiya. Imbongi waqinisekisa amanenekazi ukuba ngomso yena Nicholas Solomonovich enze uxolo, ngenxa yokuba "yenzeka".

Zokucwangcisa, Lermontov ne Martynov

Le ngokuhlwa, uMichael Nicholas incoko neze, apho wavakalisa mngeni Kungquzulwano. Le ezimbini zokucwangcisa, wathatha indawo ngemini elandelayo. Kwinguqulelo lwangoku, Lermontov olova zanyangwa ukuya yonke into ihamba phambili, kwaye adubula emoyeni. Ngaloo ndlela, ngakumbi umsindo Martynov waza wadutyulwa esifubeni. Ngenxa yokuba xa ukulwa nabangazange baye kugqirha, unyango zange enikiweyo, nangona kwakunzima ukusindisa ubomi Lermontov.

Emva kokuba ezimbini zokucwangcisa Martynov wagwetywa ukuhluthwa amalungelo empahla kunye isikhundla. Noko ke, uNicholas II wagqiba ukunciphisa isigwebo entolongweni ezintathu ukuya uBrigadier.

Ubomi emva kokuba ezimbini zokucwangcisa Martynova ukwazi ezimbalwa. Yena wafa eneminyaka engama-60 waza wangcwatywa egameni lakhe Ievleva.