Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich, nomkroli Russian: biography, umsebenzi

Ehlabathini uyakwazi ukufumana iisayithi ezininzi eya mangaza kungekuphela ubungangamsha babo, imigca ibengezela, kodwa sincedisa ukulandelela uphuhliso ubuchule sculpture ukutyhubela iminyaka. Kodwa yintoni esiyaziyo ngabantu ababangela ezi ezikhumbuzo, wabeka yinxalenye umphefumlo wakhe into oyithandayo?

Kweli nqaku sikhumbula nomkroli ezaziwayo-kakuhle Russian. Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich - ungubani na, oluhlobo luni na igalelo ezenziwe ihlabathi yobugcisa, yaye yintoni imisebenzi waduma?

biography

AM Born Opekushin November 28, 1838 (ngokwe kweminye imithombo ngo-1833) kwilali encinane Svechkino iVolga (iPhondo Yaroslavl). Weza kwintsapho yamahlwempu. uyise serf lo mhlaba Ekateriny Olhinoy, modelers abanezakhono self-wafundisa.

Ukususela ebuntwaneni Opekushin wabonisa italente zobugcisa incasa, ukuza iingxaki umlimi elula ngokuyilayo. Yena ngempumelelo waphumelela kwisikolo lali. kwaba ngesiphiwo benkwenkwe leyo kukuba kunzima ukuba anikele ingqalelo, ngoko uyise idla kwi imisebenzi ladies e St. Petersburg, ndagqiba kwelokuba ndimthumele lo mfana ukuba afunde. Kokuba ufumene imvume E. Olkhin, Opekushin oselula eneminyaka engama-12 ukubhalisa kwi-School of Drawing of the Imperial Society ngenxa Ukhuthazo amagcisa.

ukubunjwa

Imfundo e St. Petersburg lula. Ke endaweni iminyaka emithathu wachitha nje emibini. AM Opekushin eboniswe ubuchule ingaqhelekanga ngethuba lezifundo zabo, baza baphumelela iintliziyo lamagcisa ezaziwayo-kakuhle kunye oonjingalwazi. Omnye wabo nomkroli Danish uDavide Jensen. Emva kokuphela School Drawing, wacela ukuba studio yakhe Opekushin njengoko modelers volnoprihodyaschego.

Imfundo kunye nomsebenzi kuba nomkroli oselula kwakungenakwenzeka, ekubeni amaxwebhu wayeselapho a serf. Ukusombulula ingxaki Opekushin kwakufuneka imali intlawulelo - 500 engange. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, wasebenza nzima, ukugqiba odolo ezongezelelweyo kunye nokufumana umvuzo.

uxinzelelo Strong emoyeni, ukufunda imihla ngemihla, gqolo ukungalali kunye abangondlekanga buthathaka kakhulu emzimbeni Opekushin, waza wagula. abahlobo abanenyameko yale Akhademi kunye eselula kuphela banceda ukoyisa ukugula. Kwaye ngo 1859, oko satyikitywa Opekushin freestyle. Ke kaloku simahla kwaye akwazi ukuqhubeka ngendlela enobuchule, indlela apho ufuna.

alma mater New yaba Imperial Academy of Arts. Ngaxeshanye, lo modeller oselula waqhubeka ukuya kumasifundisane Jensen kunye nesihloko iphumelele nzima omnye abakroli best Russian.

usapho

Ngowe-1861, Alexander watshata. Ngelishwa, imithombo benganikwa ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nenkosikazi yakhe kunye nabantwana. Yinto eyaziwayo nje ukuba Opekushin waba nentsapho enkulu, neentombi ezininzi. Kwakundinceda yakhe ingeniso rhoqo ukususela ekudalweni eqingqiweyo zokuhombisa.

Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich wayeyindoda kakhulu inkolo kunye monarchist azinikele. umsebenzi Yakhe kakhulu kuthathwa kwi asebukhosini. Ngeli xesha anzima kwintsapho Russian yaba nomkroli odumileyo Russian biha kunye yindlala. Ngendleko yoluntu yena, bafuduka revolution St. Petersburg (ngoko Petrograd) kwiphondo lwakhe lweenkobe Opekushin. Kamva Rybnitsa ndifika ekhaya ukusetyenziswa simahla. Alexander waba ebudaleni bakhe yaye engasekho abandakanyeke wobugcisa oyithandayo. Noko ke, yaBantu Commissariat yedwa imixhesho Academic intsapho yakhe.

Ngowe-1923 Opekushin inyumoniya baza bafa. Yena wangcwatyelwa kwilali enye Rybnitsa, ecaleni kwiCawa uMsindisi, wabhaptizwa. Kwisiqingatha senkulungwane kamva, ingcwaba le nomkroli livela ilitye uNothozamile. Kwaye ngo-2012, i-admirer engaziwayo Opekushin abelwe imali lenyengane ilitye kunye nombhalo: "Le abakroli eninzi inzala nombulelo."

umsebenzi Early

Sebenza Opekushin Aleksandr Mihaylovich njengomzobi kunye modeler iqale ekuqaleni. Xa ndandineminyaka eli-17 ubudala, wadala igama senkosi abanetalente. Nangona kunjalo, batshintsha ngaloo bayahlelwa yaba ngonyaka ngo1862. Bas-ukukhululeka "Iingelosi, nivakalisa abalusi iKrismesi" yaba uhlobo isiqalo kwimizobo gqitha nomkroli abatsha.

Kungekudala kwaqatshelwa yi artist odumileyo uMikhail Mikeshin yaye wacela ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba ekudalweni lesikhumbuzo kwi Novgorod "Millennium of Russia" - iprojekti omkhulu ngelo xesha. Kakade ke, intsebenziswano kunye Mikeshin yaba nefuthe elibi kwi Opekushin. Noko ke, ngelo xesha kweekhilogram nomkroli. Uhlobo lwe nomkroli oselula becala kwasekwa phantsi kwempembelelo kunye nobuchule Russian realist nomkroli Mark Antokolsky, ingakumbi, imifanekiso yayo Ivana Groznogo no Peter I.

umsebenzi

Ngexesha lomsebenzi lonke Opekushin wadala ngemisebenzi kweshumi eziliqela. Kuba abathile kubo nomkroli Russian zafumana amabhaso kunye nezihloko. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, omninzi ezikhumbuzo yenyuselwa phantsi ngexesha olululo. Ezinjalo, umzekelo, waba lesikhumbuzo ukuya Alexander II. Kuye kwavulwa 1898. Le lesikhumbuzo lobhedu wema ngasekunene eludongeni yesicelo.

udumo Egqugqisileyo bazisa umsebenzi Opekushin wabonisa kwi lo Mboniso yeHlabathi e Paris. Ezi ziquka okule ukutya ebonisa imifanekiso zembali, esenziwa kwi-master model.

Akwenzeki ukuba ukukhanyela ngegalelo amakhulu ezenziwe kuphuhliso Russian nehlabathi sculpture Opekushin uAleksandr Mihaylovich. imifanekiso zakhe ezilula, ephantsi iqhosha, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ngokunzulu nendlela yokusebenza. Uluhlu imisebenzi iquka amangcwaba imbongi odumileyo AS Pushkin and MY Lermontov, semvelo uKarl von Baer kunye Admiral Greig, a umhlola ka sisidwangube Shuvalov kunye Tsesarevicha Nikolaya Aleksandrovicha.

Kamva, Noko ke, abahlalutyi bokuyila nomkroli ubonwa ngempumelelo ngaphantsi novakalelo. Umzekelo, ilitye lesikhumbuzo, uMlawuli Alexander III akazange kakhulu kakhulu nok bexesha lakhe.

Statue of Peter I

Opekushin bakuvuyela ukusebenza kunye nemifanekiso elichaza famous amanani zembali. Ingakumbi ngempumelelo umsebenzi wakhe abazinikele uPetros I. Lo mfanekiso ubonisa ukumkani ehleli kwisitulo iyunifomu yakhe kunye neebhutsi.

Nomkroli emangalisayo likwazile ukufaka impulsiveness nokushukumisa umlinganiswa kunye Pet Veliky. Noko ke, njengokuba kuthiwe, oko hayi wobugcisa lenkundla kuphela, okudalwe i wizard.

Lesikhumbuzo ukuze Pushkin

Enye imisebenzi eziphawuleka kakhulu ukuba wadala Opekushin - Pushkin lesikhumbuzo. Kuba indalo yakhe nomkroli yaqala ngo 1872, akuba aphoswe zonke ezinye iiprojekthi. Long iminyaka emithathu wathabatha ukuphuhlisa nesiketshi lesikhumbuzo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkosi kwafuneka ukuba bafunde ngaphezu kokuba eni kweshumi imbongi kunye nomsebenzi wakhe. Emva Opekushin candidacy evunyiweyo ngo-1875, waqala ukubonisa ukusetyenziswa. Abancedisi wathabatha nomkroli umyili I. Bogomolov.

kweminyaka emihlanu kuphela kamva, wonke umsebenzi ugqityiwe. Kwaye Juni 6, 1880 ngomhla Abakwenzayo Boulevard eMoscow yavulwa ngokusesikweni lesikhumbuzo ukuba imbongi omkhulu Russian AS Pushkin. Le lesikhumbuzo ubhedu liphuma kwazo phezu kwamanqwanqwa yaye ngoko nangoko kwabangela uchulumanco ngokubanzi phakathi baloo dolophu.

Kwaye namhlanje imbongi Russian kwi uyilo yobhedu uhlaziywe esimiyo phezu kwenye kwizitrato ephambili eyinkunzi ngendlela ingubo ngobuchule, ngaphezulu apho ingubo ngokubanzi-yekhethelo. Xa isikhundla sakhe waziva lula engqondweni. nokujikeleza kancane intloko amehlo ebonisa siphefumlelwe Pushkin kunye nobukhulu amanene.

Sam Opekushin Pushkin lesikhumbuzo igqalwa omnye msebenzi kakhulu kwaye namabhongo, ukuphunyezwa kwe apho kuye imali kuphela ixesha nomgudu, kodwa inxalenye umphefumlo wakhe, uthando zobugcisa zemibongo.

Monument Lermontov

Ngowe-1889, wathumela ekudaleni enye imbongi edumileyo Russian, waza wamisa ilitye ukuze Lermontov e Pyatigorsk. ukwakheka wayo inxenye kwikhompyutha yaye nomthombo olungenasiphelo yeNkosi eyayicace kunye kweengcinga imbongi - neCaucasus.

Xa sijonga le omkhulu Lermontov, bengaqondanga ukubamba ecinga ukuba imbongi emva sibethwe ngumoya, yaye wahlala phantsi eliweni, intloko yakhe, ancome iminqwazi ikhephu-ezimhlophe ezintabeni ngokwakho. Amehlo bakhe wabonisa nzulu kunye nenkuthazo. Abanye abalandeli Umfanekiso babecinga ukuba oqingqiweyo imbongi Lermontov baboniswa buhlungu kakhulu, amabi, kunye neempawu ezibukhali,. Ngelo xesha, njengoko eni intetho yakhe ngakumbi ukuthamba. Noko ke, ukudalwa wegcisa ngendlela ngamnye kunye imbono kunye nesidanga iseleyo esixekweni.

Monument of Muraviev-Amur

Ubukhulu sikhulu kweli ekwakhiweni pre-revolution eRashiya kanti ngayo imisebenzi Opekushin (16 eemitha eliphezulu) uye waba lesikhumbuzo ukuba Count Muraviev-Amur - irhuluneli baseMpuma eSiberia. Emva kokufa kwakhe ngo-1881, uMlawuli Alexander III wagqiba ekubeni isikhumbuzo luqikelelo. Ngoko ke, ngo-1886, wamemezela kukhuphiswano abakroli. phakathi kwabo kwakukho i "trio yegolide" Mikeshin, Antokolsky kunye Opekushin.

Project Alexander xa ijongwa engcono. Bookmark lesikhumbuzo kwenzeka ngo-1888, yaye kwiminyaka emithathu kamva yavulwa ngokusesikweni iyavuma kwaye ifakwe kwi-iyavuma eweni. Umfanekiso count wema phezu eqongeni, amehlo akhe ibhekiswe China. Kwinqwanqwa le ezihonjiswe umonakalo ezintlanu wesikhumbuzo kunye namagama amagosa zamajoni abo bathathe inxaxheba ukulawula ukuya kummandla Amur eRashiya. Noko ke, ngo-1925, ngokunxulumene i "Ndiwise umthetho phezu ezikhumbuzo," lo lesikhumbuzo Wawiswa wazibeka imyuziyam, yaye kamva ukusika ezilahliweyo.

Umfanekiso ethile

Indawo okhethekileyo imisebenzi sculpture zokuhombisa Opekushin anazo. Yaba yena ngubani into ingqalelo yakhe, ukuphuculwa kunye umthombo enkulu yengeniso. Kuyinto ngenxa Alexander yakhe eselula yaduma modelers abanetalente.

Emva uphumezo ngekhono BAS-imikrolo kunye odumileyo amanani ezisixhenxe lesikhumbuzo ukuze uCatherine II eSt Petersburg wayalelwa ukuba akhuphe Opekushin Royal Doors ukuba iconostasis kwi Cathedral yoVuko. Kwaye wamelana nayo wayekwazi.

indlela ngokoqobo nge ngumfanekiso ocinga ngayo ubuntu iqatshelwe kwengeniso ngobude, leyo zayilwa nomkroli. Kwezinye imisebenzi copyright eqingqiweyo zobugcisa zokuhombisa zigxininisa imizwa ubugcisa lwemifanekiso nondiliseko, imigca ezithambileyo.

Awards kunye namagama

• Ngoxa ukufunda i-Imperial Academy of Arts Opekushin uAleksandr Mihaylovich wafumana ibhaso lakhe lokuqala - imbasa yesilivere - kuba umsebenzi ogqwesileyo kwi-BAS isiqabu kumxholo yeBhayibhile.
• Ngowe-1864, ngenxa kumzobo eqingqiweyo "Belisarius" yaye "cupid kunye psyche" nomkroli wonyuselwa neklassnogo abaculi. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva wanyuselwa kule irenki kwiklasi artist degrees-2, yaye kamva wafumana isidanga 1.
• Eyona mpumelelo ebalulekileyo isihloko academician, leyo Opekushin yanikezelwa ngo-1872. Imperial Academy of Arts Fine balifaka ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yemfundo yakhe kwaye ebalulekileyo imisebenzi-ifomati karhulumente: a umhlola le Crown Prince kunye nomfanekiso Petra Velikogo.
• Kulo nyaka, Alexander Mikhailovich Society of bemvelo wawongwa imbasa ngegolide eziliqela imisebenzi weendawo.
• Opekushin zoloyiso zibe kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe. Enye impumelelo ebalaseleyo yaba ibhaso lokuqala, efunyenwe ngalo e-Estonia, Tartu (ngoko Dorpat) kulwenziwo lesikhumbuzo ukuze Karl Baer. Opekushin par ne khuphiswano ubuzinyaswe abakroli baseYurophu eMelika.

anika umdla

• Ngowe-1978, xa kukhunjulwa nomkroli (isikhumbuzo sakhe 140th) wakhululwa yayingumfuziselo (ubugcisa) kwimvulophu umfanekiso wakhe phezu obverse.
• Ngowe-1986, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi Lyudmila Chernykh wafumanisa ke, ilitye, ekuthiwa emva nomkroli Russian.
• Ukususela ngo-1993, amanani abalaseleyo yenkcubeko thaca ngonyaka Yaroslavl ibhaso ogama Opekushin.
• Ngo-2013 wapapasha incwadi Olgi Davydovoy malunga nobomi kunye nomsebenzi nomkroli. Hi ndlela leyi, umbhali epapashwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo izincoko malunga Opekushin. Le ncwadi iqulethe inkcazo maxesha ubalulekileyo wobomi imisebenzi iinkosi enkulu. Ukudala kwadlula kweminyaka engama-30. Kwaye isizathu sokuba le ncwadi bakhonza imihla nje ezimbini: iminyaka 175 yokuzalwa Opekushin (njengoko imithombo, owazalwa ngowe-1833) kunye iminyaka engama-90 ukufa kwakhe.

PS

Umzekelo wabonisa izwe Opekushin uAleksandr Mihaylovich, kwincwadi engobomi bakhe kunye nempumelelo kubugcisa - ngokwenene feat a serf. Wayengomnye bokuqala ukuya kulwa kwinkqubo yezentlalo, yaye zingqina ukuba nayiphi na imeko yentlalo okanye naziphi na ezinye izithintelo musani ukuthintela umntu ekwenzeni izinto ozithandayo kwaye udale into entle, ngonaphakade kokushiya memory of ngokwako kule planethi. Kwaye makuphume nomkroli Russian emva iindumiso ezininzi kunye nezihloko ilityalwe iminyaka eliqela, abagxeki bakholelwa, azafunyanelwa ndawo ngawo ubugcisa omkhulu kwaye oqingqiweyo ngokukhethekileyo nzulu kwaye akukho nemida memory.