Amagcisa avant-garde. amagcisa Russian avant-garde kwinkulungwane yama-20

Kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini okuqala eRashiya kwakukho omnye lweentsingiselo ukuthabathele ukususela ekuqaleni kwimpucuko yaye igama 'Russian avant-garde. " Ngokoqobo kuvakala ngathi avant - "phambi" kunye garde - "yokhuseleko", kodwa inguqulelo ixesha sele kudlule ekuthiwa langoku bevuthela ngokuba 'yi-Vanguard ". Enyanisweni, abaqali kulo mbutho yaba artists avant-garde French ngenkulungwane ye-19 ukuba wakhuthaza ukwalela nayiphi na imigaqo ezisisiseko lonke ixesha ubukho zobugcisa. Eyona njongo ephambili yale amagcisa avant-garde i kuphika izithethe kunye nemithetho luluhlu ubuciko.

Vanguard nekhondo yawo

Russian avant-garde - indibaniselwano yesithethe Russian kunye amanye amaqhinga lwemizobo Western eYurophu. Artists avant-garde Russian - abo babhala kwi indlela nje Suprematism, Unxibelelaniso kunye Cubo-Futurism. Eneneni, le ezine iintsingiselo eziphambili kunye neendlela avant-garde.

• amaphepha xa ubhala Abstractionist enika ingqalelo eyodwa umbala nemilo. Ukusebenzisa kwabo, ukuba wadala iqela lwemibutho. Umsunguli yale intshukumo eRussia Kandinsky, yaye ekugqibeleni yayame Malevich, Larionov, Goncharova.
• Ukuphuhlisa iingcamango nomda, Malevich wadala enye - Suprematism. Lokuqala lewebhu le meko - "Black Square". Phambili ukuhlanganiswa iimilo nemibala ziya kwenziwa ukuba ukudala umfanekiso. iingcamango Suprematist ngokucacileyo kuchazwe imisebenzi avant-garde amagcisa A. Rozanov, MI Kliun, Alexandra Exter, uN Udaltsov.
• Isiseko izimvo ezakhayo imifanekiso nezixhobo zemveliso. Wabaseki kulo mbutho ezi magcisa avant-garde kwinkulungwane yama-20 V. Tatlin kunye E. Lissitzky.
• Umxube French Cubism kunye Futurism Italian kuye kwavula omnye ngaphakathi: Cubo. Umsebenzi owenziwa kule isimbo, iimilo Izicatshulwa eziBekekileyo kunye nendibaniselwano umbala ukuba ungayazi ukuba ubugcisa ixesha. abameli Outstanding of Russian Cubo-Futurism waba avant-garde amagcisa Malevich, O. Rozanova, Goncharova, N. Udaltsov, L. Popova, Alexandra Exter.

iimpawu Artistic kunye umtsalane le jiang-garde

Kuba avant-garde iintshukumo luphawulwa ezinye iimpawu ezahlula kwezinye iindawo:

• Garde wamkelekile naluphi na utshintsho yoluntu, njenge-revolution.
• Flow uphawu ambiguity ethile, umzekelo, luqiqo kunye irrationality.
• Ukunakanwa, ukwazisa kunye ahlonipha inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa.
• ngeendlela ezintsha, iindlela kunye neendlela, hayi ebikade isetyenziswa ngaphambili kwi kwihlabathi zobugcisa.
• Zalisa ukungahambisani lwekhulu Fine Arts VIII.
• Ukuphika okanye ukwamkelwa isithethe, eyasekwa iziseko yokudweba.
• Amalinge ngeemilo, imibala kunye nombala.

Wassily Kandinsky

Onke amagcisa avant-garde kwinkulungwane yama-20 ke "abantwana" Vasiliya Kandinskogo, lowo nguyise ka avant-garde eRashiya. Wonke umsebenzi wakhe yahlulwe ngezigaba 3:

• Ixesha Munich Kandinsky isebenza phezu komhlaba, ukudala yobuciko ezifana "I iBlue Rider", "Gateway", "Gulf Coast eNetherlands", "Old Town".
• period eMoscow. Le mizobo idumileyo yethuba "Amazon" yaye "Amazon ezintabeni."
• Bauhaus ne Paris. Le Isangqa isetyenziswa amaxesha amaninzi kwezinye iimilo zejiyometri ezikhanyayo badla iithowuni epholileyo yaye ezolile. Imisebenzi yalo zeephiriyodi "umbono amaNcinane ebomvu", "Ubume VIII», «Worlds Small", "Yellow Sound", "Fancy".

Kazimir Malevich

Kazimir Malevich wazalwa ngoFebruwari 1879 e Kiev kwintsapho Polish. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala indima mculi, wazama isandla sakhe eneminyaka engama-15 ubudala xa wanikwa isethi ipeyinti. Ukususela ngoko, kuba Malevich oko imicimbi kubaluleke ngakumbi yokudweba. Kodwa abazali bam abazange ukwabelana unyana ngehlombe zanyanzelisa ekufumaneni umsebenzi kakhulu ngakumbi ohlawulayo. Ngoko Malevich wangena kwisikolo agronomic. Ukufika Kursk ngo-1896, wenza iyazazi Leo Kvachevskim, i artist ucebisa Casimir aye kufunda eMoscow. Ngelishwa, Malevich akuphumelelanga kabini ukuba bangene Moscow School of Irestyu yeHlabathi. Waqalisa ukufunda isakhono kwi Rerberg ngubani nje wafundisa umzobi entsha, kodwa abayinyamekelayo ngazo zonke iindlela: walungelelanisa eyokubonisa umsebenzi wakhe, wasondeza kuluntu. Zombini imisebenzi phambi kwexesha nasemva kwexesha ngu Malevich - a nathanda imvakalelo. Njengezinye Russian amagcisa avant-garde zenkulungwane yama-20, uhlanganisa ukuhlonipheka omsebenzi ngamanyala, kodwa umfanekiso idibanisa isigqebelo kunye iminkqangiyelo. Ngowe-1915, Malevich ithiwe thaca kwi-uluntu uthotho lwemizobo kwi indlela avant-garde, eyona idumileyo phakathi kwabo - "Black Square". Phakathi imisebenzi emininzi zombini iifeni magcisa avant-garde negalelo "A ethile kakubi ezintle", "Rest. Society kwi iisilinda, "" Oodade, "" yangaphantsi phezu kocingo "," umzimba "," Gardener "," Church "," Dryads ezimbini, "" kubofuturisticheskogo kuqamba. "

uMikhail Larionov

Wafunda e Moscow School of Umzobo, Umfanekiso Architecture. Ootitshala bakhe amagcisa abaziwayo ezifana Korovin, Levitan, Serov. Xa imisebenzi okuqala Larionov ukulanda amanqaku ubuchule semvelo Nesterova kunye Kuznetsova, ngubani na amagcisa avant-garde kunye imizobo yabo musa ndingenguye kulo mkhwa. Luphawulwa Larionov kunye neendawo ezifana lobuciko, kwakudala. Imigqomo amanqaku zomkhosi, umzekelo, "amajoni abakhenkethi" kunye nethiyori ye ubuhle efanelekileyo, zacaciswa ifilimu "Venus" yaye "Katsapskaya Venus." Njengabanye amagcisa avant-garde eSoviet, Larionov wathabatha inxaxheba mboniso 'Umsila Donkey "yaye" Jack of Diamonds. "

okuphendula Goncharova

Goncharova wayeyalelwe wafunda imikrolo, yaye kuphela emva bafudukela ku titoloveta. umthantamisi wakhe wokuqala waba Korovin, kwaye ngeli xesha yena wakholiswa mboniso imizobo yakhe umoya Impressionism. oko ke waphakamisa imixholo Sasungulwa art nezithethe lwezizwana ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye zaphawula. Oku kuye kwabangela ukuvela bhanya ezifana "abavangeli", "Ukuvuna", "uMama", "Runaround". A ngumfuziselo ingcamango Sisimakade kwi ngelaphu ubugcisa waqalisa ukupeyinta "orchid" kunye "weeNyibiba Thokoza"

Olga Rozanova

Umzekelo, abaculi abafuna ezininzi, Rozanov emva kokuba isikolo saba phantsi kwempembelelo amanye amagcisa. amagcisa avant-garde babelana ngokwenza intombi aselula aneziphiwo ebomini yoluntu, kunye kangangeminyaka eli-10 yena uthabathe inxaxheba inani elikhulu lemiboniso kwaye ukhuphe oluninzi iincwadi kunye nemidlalo. Rozanov uye kwizigaba eziliqela emsebenzini, ukutshintsha isimbo kunye nolwalathiso.

Ivan Klyunkov (Kliun)

indlela Creative Ivana Klyuna bulula zatshintsha emva kokudibana kunye Malevich. Kwanangaphambi embona artist wafunda ukupeyinta French yaye batyelela mboniso 'Jack of Diamonds. " Emva kwentlanganiso sibi Kliun wongeza kokuqokelelwa yakhe mizobo yi "zikaJ", "ndebe" yaye "ebaleka kulo mhlaba." Okunye umsebenzi yakutshanje umzobi ziqhutywa ngesimbo yokudweba yokomfuziselo, ukudala ekumeni, uhlobo yokwenza, kusekho ubomi, umzekelo.

Alexandra Exter

Exter ube umculi ngenxa uhambo ukuya eParis, apho bazisa kwizibetho zayo kumagcisa kwihlabathi-owaziwayo afana uPicasso, uYakobi, Braque, Apollinaire, phakathi aba avant-garde.
Emva uhambo Exter waqalisa ukubhala isimbo impressionistic kwaye isiphumo umsebenzi womzobo "Sekunjalo ubomi kunye ivazi kunye neentyatyambo" yaye "Imazi Amanani ezintathu." Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo msebenzi kwacaca pointillism kunye cubism. Alexander thaca Imizobo yakhe kwimiboniso. Kamva, umculi wachitha ixesha elininzi kunye nokwenziwa non-lokomfuziselo epeyintwe screens, zokugquma, kwimiqamelo, kwakunye nokuyilwa kweemveliso kumabala emidlalo.

Vladimir Tatlin

Tatlin waqalisa ukufunda le Moscow School of Umzobo, Umfanekiso Architecture, uze - kwi Penza Art College. Kodwa ngenxa izikhewu rhoqo kunye nokuqhuba kakubi kwizifundo, wagxothwa, ngaphandle kokufumana idiploma. Ngowe-1914 Tatlin iye yabamba imisebenzi yakhe mboniso 'Jack of Diamonds "yaye" Umsila idonki ". Ngokubanzi, imizobo yakhe ezinxulumene zeveki yokuloba. indima ebalulekileyo ukutshintsha indlela udlala kuqubisana uPicasso waba emva Tatlin wakhe waqalisa ukudala Cubist isimbo "Larionov impembelelo." indalo yakhe ibonisa isakhiwo, eyenziwe ngomthi nentsimbi kunye for ikhosi esisiseko in Russian constructivist avant-garde.

El Lissitzky

Kuba okokuqala ngokuqinileyo ngestibhiya Lissitzky nazo eluntwini Ukhuthazo yamaYuda Arts, apho wafika wasebenza ukususela 1916. Ngelo xesha, wazekelisa nje iphephandaba yamaYuda, kodwa inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwimiboniso eMoscow naseKiev. umsebenzi lombhali kakuhle combine imisongo ngesandla kunye neshedyuli miriskusnicheskie. Ekufikeni e Vitebsk Lissitzky awunanjongo abanomdla ubuchule, ilungisa iincwadi kunye neepowusta. Ale ke ngumqondo "Proun" - iimilo-ntathu, ezo isiseko imveliso ifanitshala nanamhlanje.

lyubov Popova

Umzekelo, abaculi abafuna ezininzi, Popov wathabatha indlela multistep wesiseko: imisebenzi yayo ekuqaleni yayidlalwa isimbo Cézanne, yaye kamva wabonakala neempawu Cubism, Fauvism kunye Futurism. Popov ukuqonda ihlabathi enkulu nangoku-ubomi, wabuguqulela naye ngelaphu ngokohlobo anemifanekiso. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa uthando izandi imibala. Oku umahluko umsebenzi wakhe ukusuka kumsebenzi we Malevich. Ukusukela uyilo yimveliso kumabala emidlalo, Popov yenze isicelo nendlela "Art Deco", leyo oludibanisa avant-garde kunye mihla. Le artist edibene ukudibanisa gaka, umzekelo, kunye Renaissance Cubism kunye iconography Russian.

Indima ye-Russian avant-garde kwimbali

Uphuhliso abaninzi avant-garde nangoku ezisetyenziswa arts mihla, nangona yena abe vanguard for ixesha enilichithe kakhulu. Esona sizathu siphambili kudilika kukuba kumacala amaninzi, okwadala magcisa avant-garde. Vanguard Art wenza kube lula ukuphuhlisa negative, aze avunyelwe ukuba iifom ezintsha, iindlela kunye nezisombululo ekucombululeni iingxaki yokuluka.