Uthintelo - luthintelo iingxaki. Basics, iindlela, amanyathelo kunye nemisebenzi ukuvimbela

ulwimi Modern Russian osisityebi ezahlukeneyo zamagama, lwengqiqo ngokoMthetho. Kweli nqaku ndifuna ukuthetha into luthintelo: ngawaphi iintlobo kuwo, yintoni le imilinganiso kunye neendlela.

Ezingembono

Okokuqala, Kakade ke, kubalulekile ukuchaza ingqikelelo ibalulekileyo ekufuneka isetyenziswe ngayo kweli nqaku. Ngenxa yoko, uthintelo - yinto iseti iindidi ezahlukeneyo iziganeko ezijoliswe ekuthinteleni ingxaki okanye iziganeko ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke, okanye ukuthintela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo izinto umngcipheko ngokuphathelene neengxaki ezifanayo.

Amazinga

Ngoko ke, siyaqonda ukuba uthintelo - imiceli amanyathelo ejolise kokuba ndiyoyisile le ngxaki eziye ayikenzeki okanye usaqala. Nangona kunjalo, xa sicinga ngalo mbandela, kubalulekile ukukhankanya into yokuba kukho kwakhona amanqanaba ahlukeneyo ngayo.

1. State. Kulo mzekelo, amanyathelo othintelo emiselweyo kumanqanaba aphezulu karhulumente, oko kukuthi amanyathelo ezithile mthetho ezijoliswe ekuphuculeni impilo okanye intlalo-ntle (ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo) labemi.
2. ZikaRhulumente (okanye abasebenzi adibeneyo) - kwinqanaba elisezantsi. amanyathelo azizithintelo ajolise liqela elithile labantu.
3. kwizinga losapho. amanyathelo azizithintelo ngokunxulumene amalungu entsapho enye.
4. Ngamnye okanye zobuqu. Kulo mzekelo, uthintelo iphathelene ngamnye.

izikhombisi

Kwakhona Kubalulekile ukuphawula, nokuba imisebenzi ngokuzikhusela enokuthi yenziwe kumacala ahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, ezininzi:

1. indlela yokuziphatha. Njengoko umzekelo: ukuthintelwa zokuphula ngendlela etenxileyo, etc ...
2. Zisempilweni. Le yi ariya ucoceko kunye namayeza.
3. Osebenzayo-eziphilayo (umz, ukhuseleko emlilweni, njalo njalo).
4. Ngamayeza nokunyanga.

Ngokutsho kwezi nkalo ezine, kunye amanyathelo othintelo iyenziwa.

iintlobo zothintelo

Ngoko ke, ziziphi iintlobo zothintelo? Ngokutsho yokuhlela omnye, apho kukho ezimbini:

1. Personal, t. E. ngamnye, ezijolise omnye.
2. Uluntu, xa amanyathelo othintelo isicelo kwiqela labantu, uluntu, okanye bonke abahlali yelo lizwe.

Elinye iqela iintlobo amanyathelo othintelo esinokubakho ngokuxhomekeke entsimini amanyathelo.

1. Uthintelo Medical.
2. Social.
3. YoMlilo.
4. I-mthetho kunye t. D.

Ezi iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela ingaba isixa esikhulu, ingqalelo njengoko kufuneka ngokwahlukeneyo yaye hayi kunye ngaxesha- nye.

imisebenzi

Ngoko sihlola iziseko zokuthintela. Iyafuna ukunikela ingqalelo kwimingeni ebuziweyo phambi kolu hlobo lomsebenzi lokuthintela.

1. Ukubamba izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kunye namanyathelo zokuthintela.
2. Ukusebenzisa iindlela ezintsha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ukuphucula amanyathelo othintelo.
3. Ukwakha ulwazi phakathi kwabantu imfuneko amanyathelo periodic othintelo ngomba omnye okanye omnye (nokuba amayeza, icandelo nemililo okanye kwinqanaba loluntu yobomi).

izimiso

Ndakuqonda ukuba uthintelo - imiceli amanyathelo othintelo, kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo kwakhona imigaqo esetyenziswa zokudalwa iinkqubo zothintelo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo.

1. Systems umgaqo. Ukuzoba up iinkqubo zothintelo olusekelwe kucazululo ngamaxesha le ngxaki.
2. Umgaqo ingqibelelo qhinga. Isicwangciso elidityanisiweyo lemisebenzi zothintelo ngomba othile.
3. isimiso yoyilo. Indibaniselwano ekuthinteleni ubuntu inkalo, zokuziphatha kunye t. D.
4. isimiso isimo. Ukuthobela amanyathelo othintelo iimfuno eyiyo.
5. Umgaqo yobumbano. Inkxaso kunye noncedo ekwenzeni zokuthintela phakathi kwemibutho ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo.
6. umgaqo semthethweni. Oku kusekelwe ukwamkeleka iindlela amanyathelo othintelo uthengisa abantu, kuba le ndlela zenzelwe.
7. Umgaqo-hlukeneyo ubuninzi kunye polymodal. Ukusetyenziswa iindlela eziliqela ngaxeshanye yothintelo, ulwalamano lwabo, ukuthamba njalo njalo. D.

Kuthintelo medical

Iyafuna besithi, mhlawumbi, yeyona ixhaphakileyo kumgangatho karhulumente indlela kwilizwe lethu, yinto yezonyango zokuthintela. Kule ndawo ngolwazi iintlobo ezintathu:

1. Uthintelo kwasekuqaleni. Yindlela amanyathelo ejolise ekubhaqeni izinto ezibangela isifo kwaye nya. Eyona njongo ephambili yale ndlela: ukusebenza zokuzikhusela zomzimba ukuba iimpembelelo ze izinto ezimbi.
2. Secondary. Olu luluhlu lwemisebenzi ezikumila ukuzithethelela: ukuchongwa kunye nokuthintela ndiphinde ndazisebenzisa, ukuqhubela phambili inkqubo lwezidumbu, etc ...
3. Ephakamileyo. Lo elementi zamabanga kuthintelo, engaquki azisoloko into ethile. Kunokuba ibe kwimo abagulayo abakhubazekileyo abathe baphulukana ithuba lokuba ubomi ngokupheleleyo.

Kwimigaqo

Ngokumalunga kumanqanaba wokuthintela, baye zilandelayo imigaqo ebalulekileyo kakhulu:

1. Phambili.
2. uhlobo ngokwahlukeneyo.
3. Mass.
4. amanyathelo othintelo Comprehensive.
5. Kakade ke, kuba zenzululwazi.

Iyafuna esithi ukuba imilinganiso zonyango prophylaxis inokuba nomahluko, kuqalwa kunye neenkqubo yococeko (ukuthintelwa ziimpethu okanye ityhefu) ngaphambi kokuba ugonyo (ukuthintelwa izifo ukuze kuphetshwe ngokuthi unike encinci yentsholongwane emzimbeni womntu kuye bazazi kwaye esebenza ngaphandle indlela yokhuselo xa kuthe ngubhubhani).

yokuzikhusela xa kukho umlilo

Kukho kwakhona ingqikelelo "yothintelo lomlilo". It is a oluntsonkothileyo amanyathelo ezahlukeneyo ezijolise ekuthinteleni iimeko umlilo. Iyafuna esithi olu hlobo amanyathelo othintelo akukho abasebenzi kuphela MES, xa zifuneka ekwakheni izakhiwo ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwazo zonke iintlobo (zombini yokuhlala kunye nezakhiwo non-zokuhlala), ucwangciso kunye nophuhliso zombini iindawo zasedolophini nasemaphandleni. amanyathelo okuthintela Fire zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Hayi ukulawula kuphela, kodwa ke uphuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa imimiselo yokhuseleko emlilweni.
2. Gcina ubeko kunye nokwakhiwa kweendawo malunga LINGATSHA zabo.
3. Ukuze eyiyo kunye nemfezeko yenkqubo yamanyathelo omlilo.
4. vo rhoqo olwenziwa ziingcali zeenkampani ezahlukeneyo ukuthobela imimiselo yokhuseleko emlilweni kunye neenkqubo umlilo ukulungele ukuba usabele ngokukhawuleza.
5. Andise yomlilo kunye nolwazi lobuchule phakathi kwabantu e mveliso, izikolo njalo njalo. D.

On Prevention Social

Kufuneka ke ukuba kukho enye uhlobo - nokuthintela ekuhlaleni. Yindlela amanyathelo ejolise kuthintelo, ukuqulatha okanye ukususwa ngezenzeko ezimbi ethile eluntwini. Kukho amanyathelo ezithile kolu hlobo inyathelo lothintelo. Zahlula-hlulwe:

• jikelele (Wayefuna ukuba inani elikhulu labantu: kukuphuculwa kweemeko zokusebenza, uthintelo kunye nokuziphatha etenxileyo phakathi olufikisayo, etc ...);
• ekhethekileyo (la manyathelo ajolise liqela elithile labantu basengozini kulo mba, umzekelo, ulutsha nzima ekuthinteleni ulwaphulo-mthetho);
• amanyathelo ngamnye (umsebenzi ejoliswe kubantu aba bakulo qela umngcipheko efanayo naleyo echazwe kumhlathi ngasentla).

Ngoko ke iindlela zokuthintela zisetyenziswa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo: zobuqu, usapho, ekuhlaleni, kurhulumente.

Iimbalasane

ingqalelo eyodwa naye ofanele yothintelo lwentlalo ngokubhekiselele mathuba awodwa athile. Kutheni kufuneka oko?

1. Kuluntu yonke imihla, kukho iimeko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo uxinezeleko. Ukuba ngaba ukusombulula, bandisa kukhula ibe yingxaki enkulu. amanyathelo azizithintelo nga ndibabulale umbungu okhulayo "njengesifo 'kunye noluntu, lahlani kuhlahlelwa imiphumo le meko.
2. Kodwa injongo ephambili - hayi ukuphendula iingxaki asakhasayo, hayi ukunqanda oko. Oku kufuna uhlalutyo enzulu yonxulumano loluntu yothuba elithile ngexesha ngokutsho imeko ethile kweli lizwe (le ntlekele, nomthetho wemitshato , njalo njalo. D.).
3. ziyilelwe iindlela zokuthintela ukuba bafundise abantu izakhono ezintsha nolwazi oluthile ngeenjongo zabo, okanye impilo lokugcina.
4. iinkonzo zothintelo eyenzelwe ukufumana iindlela ngokupheleleyo ukuthintela iingxaki uzisombulule.

Uthintelo Social kwinqanaba likarhulumente kulo

zibalulekile ukuze enze ngokuchanekileyo ngaphandle kwinqanaba ngalinye amanyathelo othintelo. Noko ke, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe karhulumente yezentlalo kuthintelo, oluqhutywa ngokusebenzisa ezahlukeneyo amanyathelo: kwezoqoqosho, kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, zentlalo nenkcubeko, ngokomthetho. La manyathelo ndlela isetyenziswa ngokubanzi:

1. Outreach phantsi ukuba isihloko, amashishini kwamanqanaba ezahlukeneyo.
2. ujonge zothintelo (ulwazi, ukuba kuyimfuneko - izixhobo).
3. Ukuphunyezwa kuphangwa zokuthintela kunye nemisebenzi.
4. banikwa Social - inkxaso abantu abafuna uncedo.