Amaqhawe Russian Old: impahla, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo

Wonke lali imida yayo, leyo kufuneka ukhuselwe ungenelelo lutshaba, ukususela ityala elikhulu Slavic, le mfuneko ebesoloko ekho. Phakathi kwamazwe ingxabano zobukhaya Russia yaMandulo, kwafuneka ukuba balwe kungekuphela ubungozi, kodwa kunye esizwe. Umanyano nemvisiswano phakathi abathetheli kwanceda ukwenza uhlanga olukhulu, nto leyo eyaba khono yokuzikhusela. amajoni Old Russian wema phantsi kwebhanile enye wabonisa izwe amandla nenkalipho yabo.

squad

Nokuxubana abantu abathanda uxolo, ngoko amadoda bamandulo Russian azikho kakhulu ivelele abalimi zesiqhelo. Ukukhusela ekhaya wabo babe nangezikhali, amazembe, iimela neentonga. izixhobo Military, izixhobo ziya kuvela ngokuthe ngcembe, yaye zigxile ngakumbi ukhuselo umniniyo, kunokuba sokuhlaselwa. Kwi X Ngenkulungwane kukho ezitshatileyo izizwe ezininzi Slavic ngeenxa zonke Prince of Kiev, eqokelela irhafu kwaye akhusele ummandla nxamnye lokuhlasela emathafeni, ukuba balwa, amaByzantine, Mongols. Obumbe squad, eyenziwe-30% yenziwe wamajoni abaziingcali (idla mercenaries: Normans, Pechenegs, amaJamani, Hungarians) kunye wamajoni (amadoda). Ngeli xesha, nezixhobo igorha yamandulo iqulathe amagqudu, imikhonto, amakrele. yokhuseleko Ukukhanya ntoni na ukuthintela intshukumo, yaye inika ukushukumiseka emfazweni kunye nephulo. Eyona ingalo inkonzo yaba elihamba, amahashe Zazisetyenziswa njengezilwanyana zemithwalo kwaye lokunikezela amajoni ukuya emkhosini. Horse wabumba emva yangqubana ongaphumelelanga nabantu emathafeni bonke abakhweli kakhulu.

yokuvikela

iimfazwe Old Russian kuxhaphakile labemi Russia V - kwiinkulungwane VI shirt kunye ichweba nezihlangu bast. Ebudeni bemfazwe Russian-aseByzantium utshaba yahlaselwa ukungafihlisi kunye nesibindi "Rus", nto leyo walwa ngaphandle isikrweqe yokhuselo, ezimele emva amakhaka nokusebenzisa ngexesha elinye nje isixhobo. Kamva kwafika "kuyak", nto leyo ngokuyimfuneko ihempe ngaphandle enemikhono, kuba alekwe iipleyiti ukusuka iimpuphu zamahashe, okanye amaqhekeza yesikhumba. Kamva baqala ukusebenzisa iipleyiti zesinyithi ezikhusela umzimba ukothuka kunye ukuhlahla utshaba iintolo.

Isihlangu

Isikrweqe yamajoni zamandulo ekukhanyeni, inika uphume eziphakamileyo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kwanciphisa neqondo lokhuselo. Ezinkulu, xa ukuphakama iiplanga ngomthi esetyenziswa yi abantu baseMpumalanga ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Bagubungela intloko legorha, ngoko ke isigaba ephezulu waba Umqala amehlo. C amakhaka ngekhulu X wenza imilo setyhula, intsimbi zabo stud, Bathiwe wambu isikhumba kunye nokuhombisa neempawu generic ezahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho ubungqina mbali yaseByzantium Russian ukudala ludonga nezihlangu asondelelene omnye nomnye, nezivele umkhonto phambili. Eli cebo kube nzima ukuya kwiindawo oluphambili yotshaba ukuba atyhudise, abheke ngasemva amabutho Russian. Emva kweminyaka eli-100, imilo eqhele iintlobo ezintsha weenqaba - mahashe. Izihlangu ezi zeamangile ezimilise, uye entengo ezimbini iinjongo ukubamba edabini kwaye ezisendleleni. Nale hlobo kwezixhobo amajoni yamandulo Russian waya nokunyuka yaye basukuma ukuze akhusele umhlaba wabo ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe kompu. izithethe ezininzi legends ezinxulumene kunye namakhaka. Ezinye i "ezinamaphiko" kwako kube namhlanje. Bawa kunye amajoni ababuleweyo zaziswa ekhaya iingweletshetshe zawo, lo gama ebaleka regiments layohlala aziphose phantsi kweenyawo zamahashe abanisukelayo. Woyiswa bamasango eConstantinople, Prince Oleg oxhonywe nje njengekhaka.

iminqwazi

amajoni Old Russian ukuba IX - X ngenkulungwane wayenxibe phezu kwentloko yakhe iminqwazi njengesiqhelo, ezo nto ikhuselwe gawula kwizimangalo yotshaba. iminqwazi Okokuqala, Ndifunyenwe abembi, zabakho uNorman uhlobo, kodwa eRashiya ukuba asibhidlanga. practical ngakumbi yaye ngaloo ndlela ke imilo etsobhileyo uye wasebenzisa ngokubanzi. Nezigcina-ntloko kule meko rivet lezitya ezine etyhidiweyo, ukuba ihonjiswe ngamatye anqabileyo kunye neentsiba (ukusuka amadoda amanene okanye irhuluneli). Le fom ivumela ikrele sehla ngaphandle ibangela umonakalo omkhulu umntu, balaclava eyenziwe ngesikhumba okanye wavakalelwa otshayayo ithambisa. Isigcina zatshintsha ngenxa kwizixhobo ezongeziweyo ukhuseleko: Barmitsa (Chain enemingxuma) nanosnik (ipleyiti metal). Ukusetyenziswa ukhuseleko ngohlobo iimaski (iimaski) eRussia lwepaki, uninzi lwezi zafakwa iminqwazi, ezithi zisetyenziswe kakhulu eYurophu. Inkcazelo igorha yamandulo, begcinelwe yeembali, uthi abantu zifihla, yaye bafing nako elizakuqhobosha phantsi kotshaba. Iminqwazi bokwenziwa kunye nesiqingatha-imaski ukuba amadoda abazizityebi amanene, ukuba luphawulwa iinkcukacha zokuhombisa, ezo musa ukwenza imisebenzi zokuzikhusela.

chainmail

Le nxalenye adumileyo iingubo igorha yamandulo, ngokutsho site zakudala, ivela kwi VII - ngenkulungwane VIII. Mail kuba ihempe umsebenzi osontiweyo yesinyithi kwimicu ezihambelanayo. Ngeli xesha, iinkosi kwaba nzima gqitha ukwenza ukhuseleko ezinjalo, umsebenzi omhle bakhonza a elula elide. Metal kaloliwe zibe ucingo ukusuka apho Izangqa isongwe kwaye welding, ayinakutshintshwa omnye komnye njengoko iskim-1 ukuya ku-4 Ubuncinane-20 - 25 amakhonkco tysyach wathabatha ukwenza imeyile chain, leyo ubunzima kg-6 ukuya kweye-16. Ukuhombisa ngelaphu ezilukiweyo links yobhedu. In XII technology Ukuhlukunyezwa ngenkulungwane kusetyenziswa xa atshabalalisa ring osontiweyo esibonelela indawo ukhuselo. Kwangaxesha nye chainmail zinde, kukho ezinye izinto isikrweqe: nagovitsy (intsimbi, osontiweyo iikawusi) Barmitsa (njengonombombiya ukukhusela intamo), bracers (neeglavu metal). Phantsi isikrweqe enxitywa impahla quilted, aqale amandla nempembelelo. Ngelo xesha baseRashiya isicelo lamellar (ipleyiti) isikrweqe. Kuba ukwenziwa isiseko ezifunekayo (ihempe) ulusu ukuba abe eqiniselweendlwini, lamellae zentsimbi sivalisisekile obhityileyo. ubude wabo 6 - 9 cm, ububanzi ukusuka ku-1 ukuya 3. ipleyiti isikrweqe ngokuthe ngcembe, watyhalela imeyile yaye kuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe. ERashiya, enamaxolo, lamellar, kunye imeyile amaninzi zidityaniswa. Yushman, bahterets baba ngokusisiseko ikhonkco imeyile ukwandisa iimpawu ibakhusela amacwecwe kubonelelwa phezu kwesifuba. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIV uhlobo olutsha isikrweqe - Mirror. Metal macwecwe yobukhulu enkulu, kakhulu likhazimlisiwe ngokuqhelekileyo zonakele phezu imeyile. Emacaleni namagxa idityaniswe yimicu yesikhumba, ngokufuthi ezihonjiswe iintlobo ngeentlobo symbols.

isixhobo

impahla ibakhusela igorha yamandulo na isikrweqe kuyo, kodwa ukukhanya ebonelela ngakumbi amadoda uphume kunye abatoli kwiimeko yokulwa. Ngokutsho ingcaciso evela kwimithombo Byzantine yembali, "Rusich" Kukho amandla kakhulu emzimbeni. In V - VI iinkulungwane iintonga ookhokho bethu isintu impela, esetyenziselwa ukulwa close. Kuba ebangela umonakalo elibalulekileyo yotshaba yaba ubunzima enzima, yaye ngakumbi yafakwa iziqalelo ngogwayimbo. Kwemvelo izixhobo kwenzeka nxamnye imvelaphi inkqubela zeteknoloji kunye notshintsho kwiqhinga imfazwe. Ezweni inkqubo, oomatshini, nasekuxinweni, ukuthunga kunye nokuphungula izixhobo zentsimbi ziye zasetyenziswa kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, kunye noyilo babo kuye ngokuqhubekayo ngcono. Ezinye ezintsha ukufunda kwezinye iintlanga, kodwa nabasunguli Russian kunye gunsmiths basoloko hlukile ngokuphuma yendlela kunye nokuthembeka kweenkqubo langabom.

athuke

Izixhobo ze ukulwa close eyaziwa kuzo zonke iintlanga, ekuqaleni impucuko, umbono olona iNtonga. Le iklabhu enzima, nto leyo ekupheleni guququ yentsimbi. Kwezinye embodiments, kaTata avele intsimbi okanye izikhonkwane. Kakhulu ngawo yeziKronike Russian kunye iNtonga iNtonga yeGunya, Morning, bludgeon. Ngenxa lula esenziwe nokusebenza nezixhobo zokunqanda kugwayimbo kwaba ngokubanzi. Likrele hsen ngayo ngokuyinxenye abafudukayo, kodwa wamajoni kunye namagorha kuqhubeka ukulusebenzisa ngokulwa. Ababhali-mbali kuzinza ngokusekelwe imithombo yedatha Chronicle zamaqula umfanekiso wendlela umntu owayesaziwa ngokuba ijoni endala Russian. Amafoto emifanekisweni, kwakunye alondolozwe zamaqhawe umfanekiso ixesha lethu, qiniseka ukuba ziquka naluphi na uhlobo izixhobo ekhubekisayo, ngokufuthi kweli amandla upha iNtonga kaHomer.

Ezisika, ukuhlatywa

Xa kwimbali Russia wamandulo ikrele kakhulu. Nguye kuphela uhlobo olungundoqo izixhobo, kodwa uphawu kwamandla njengenkosana. neemela basebenzisa iintlobo ezininzi, ukuba nabizelwa ndawo enxibe: zasapozhnye echaza podsaydashnye. Zazisetyenziswa, kunye ikrele kunye a iNtonga. Izixhobo ze utshintsho zamaqhawe yamandulo kwi X ngenkulungwane, endaweni ikrele saber. yokulwa kwakhe iimpawu Russian zahlolwa wayesilwa abasemathanga abaye abolekwe nemilo. Imikhonto imikhonto ziphakathi iintlobo ezininzi mandulo kwezixhobo ukuhlatywa, nto leyo eye isetyenziswe amajoni ngempumelelo nje ukuzithethelela kunye nokuhlasela. Xa kusetyenziswa ngaxeshanye, baye ekhulisa kuphela. Spears ngcembe indawo iintshuntshe ukuba ngcono Sulitsa. Amazembe walwa kuphela hayi nabalimi (voi kunye wamajoni), kodwa yena lo yenene. Kule hlobo enyusiweyo okulwa isixhobo waba ngesiphatho elifutshane, uMarines (Warriors) bafumana zabo nezamazembe kwi nomphini elide. Berdysh (izembe kunye blade ngokubanzi) kwi XIII - kwinkulungwane XIV uba isixhobo Strelets amajoni. Kamva atshintshelwe halberd.

amancinci

Zonke iimali zisetyenziswa yonke imihla ukuzingelwa nasekhaya, amajoni Russian isetyenziswa njengesixhobo yasemkhosini. ULuka yenziwe iimpondo zezilwanyana kunye neenkuni ezifanelekileyo (ezinde, wejunipha). Abanye kubo kweemitha ngaphezu ezimbini ubude. Ukuze sigcine iintolo babesebenzisa igxalaba umphongolo, elo eyenziwe ngesikhumba, brocades ngamanye amaxesha ihonjiswe, amatye anqabileyo kunye nezo anqabileyo. Ukuze kuveliswe iintolo busetyenzisiwe nekalamo, ezinde, nekalamo, apile umthi, ukuba elo Lysina intsimbi kwincam apha. Xa X design isaphetha leminyaka iye entsonkothileyo kakhulu, kunye nenkqubo yayo yokuvelisa onzima. Crossbows ngobubele ngempumelelo ngakumbi izixhobo projectile. Ububi sabo ngesantya lomlilo, kodwa Screw (isetyenziswa projectile) zokunganyaniseki umonakalo ngakumbi xa hit Ukuhlukunyezwa isikrweqe. Ukuze ukutsala crossbow wesaphetha kwakunzima, nditsho amagorha kakhulu wazimisa ukuba oku ndandisisigculelo ukukhahlela. Kwinkulungwane XII ukuba siyawaqinisa ukuququzelela le nkqubo yaqala ukusebenzisa so Abatoli wanxiba ebhantini lakhe. Ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe umlilo iingalo izaphetha, crossbows, crossbows ziye zasetyenziswa umkhosi Russian.

ngubo

Kwamanye amazwe abaye batyelela isixeko Russian ka XII - XIII leminyaka, babezibuza amajoni indlela ifakwe. Xa obonakalayo bulkiness isikrweqe (ingakumbi abakhweli enzima) abakhweli zilula ngokwaneleyo ukuba ukusingatha imisebenzi ezininzi. Ehleli yesali, le igorha akwazi ukubamba izintso (hlela ihashe), ukudubula isaphetha okanye crossbow nokulungiselela close ukulwa ikrele enzima. Mabutho ke uqhubela ugwayimbo amandla, ngoko outfitting umkhweli kunye nehashe kufuneka ukukhanya kodwa oluqinile. Chest, iisiriyali uhamba icala yavalwa izingxobo ezikhethekileyo, abo benziwa ngesixhobo iipleyiti zesinyithi athungwe. Izixhobo zamaqhawe amandulo kuye ngengozi. Izihlalo eyenziwe ngomthi, Archer wavumela ukuba kwicala elahlukileyo uze bamtola ngesantya ngokupheleleyo, ulawula indlela sesindululo wehashe. Ngokungafaniyo amajoni yaseYurophu belo xesha, bambethe ilinen isikrweqe ngokupheleleyo, iintonga zokukhanya Russian zaye swi esilwa mbuya. Ngelo nabanumzana abaziintloko, iinkosana, ookumkani izixhobo nezikrweqe sele bempi esinazo, leyo zazihonjiswe kwaye baxhotyiswe iisimboli karhulumente. Bafumene izigidimi amazwe yaye waqhubeka nangeeholide.