Painter Edvard Munch: isebenza, biography

Le artist, omsebenzi kwi-West, ngebande elinye kunye Gauguin kunye Cézanne, akwaziwa kakuhle kakhulu eRashiya. Genius, ingqalelo uMdali sexesha elitsha kwaye owabhala umfanekiso ongemhle lokufa, baphazamiseka luvo oko ngayo kuzo.

Xa kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, wakhankanya ukuba kuya kuza imini apho phambi canvases zakhe uya kususa onke iminqwazi, ngokungathi ecaweni, kodwa kulwamkelo uluntu ukuba usekude lee kakhulu kude. "Ngaphandle mizobo kwam - nto," - kanye Wavuma Edvard Munch, ogama ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba okuninzi umbhali ngokwakhe imisebenzi.

Ukuze uqonde ubuchule yokuqala wegcisa, kuyimfuneko ukwazi njani kwaye yintoni wayehlala, ukudala yobuciko, "ebhaliweyo ngegazi yentliziyo yakhe."

okulila

Ngowe-1863 e Norway indawo awazalelwa kuyo igcisa, umsebenzi wakhe uya kubizwa ngokuba umzobo entsha ngokupheleleyo, igalelo-kusekwa zasisithethe kwezobugcisa. Edvard Munch, ogama engobomi izaliswe ziziganeko ezibuhlungu washiya uphawu yazo imisebenzi yakhe, zigxile embalini njengoMdali, umsebenzi wakhe ebangela impembelelo yobundlobongela iimvakalelo kumbukeli.

Edward wakhumbula ebuntwaneni bakhe limnyama yaye izele nelahleko. Ukuba ezilahlekileyo unina nodade wakhe amthandayo ababulawa sisifo sephepha, inkwenkwe kabuhlungu wathatha uhambo ubomi wakhe. Yinto eyaziwa inkumbulo yayo loo nqanaba: "Ukuze ezalwa yam bathontelana iingelosi black ngokubhuda nangobumfama, ukugula, ukufa, waza kunye ebomini."

I umfanekiso uxolo lwangaphakathi

Emva kokuba isikolo Munch ukufunda ukuba yinjineli, kodwa kwindawo ethile bayaqonda ukuba amaphupha kuphela ukupeyinta. Kukho nkqu umhla ngqo - November 8, 1888, kwakunjalo ngoko kwidayari yakho urekhoda Ukoyika ukubandezeleka bavele phambi ubomi elivisayo ukuba wagqiba ekubeni abe umculi.

"Ndisoloko ndivuka kwindawo ukubila ukubanda esingasingile egumbini lakhe ukuqinisekisa esihogweni I" - wavuma ukuya ekupheleni ubomi Edvard Munch. Umfanekiso ngomzobi young lugqithiselwa ngamava akhe; ayengathandi umfanekiso 'omhle ", ugxininise yokuba akukho ibonakale ukuba iqokobhe engaphandle lomntu.

Ebonisa abantu, wenza lenza umhlaba wabo ngaphakathi: "Ngaphezu kungekho omnye igcisa, unganciphisa umxholo wakho ukuhla yokugqibela, onjengam nje."

iinjongo belusizi ngemisebenzi

Uthotho etsalwe ezibuhlungu waqhubeka - Munch waphulukana uyise, umninawa, dade, wafa ekliniki abagula ngengqondo. Oku kuboniswa umsebenzi ngumzobi - mibala mfiliba yokukhathazeka nokufa yande amandla okukhulu. Abahlalutyi waphawula ukuba umbhali wayenobuchule elimangalisayo ukubonisa abangaboniyo iimvakalelo zakho neemvakalelo.

Emva ilahleko Munch ingqalelo esona sizathu sokuba zonke iintlekele uThixo. Yena renounces inkolo, sifuna ngokwabo inkqubo entsha lwamaxabiso. Ukuqwalasela ihlabathi engenanto, igcisa uvakalisa obungenanjongo ubomi bomntu kwaye isiqinisekisa ukuba kuphela ngendlela yobuciko onokufikelela ukungafi.

Ngoxa ukufunda esikolweni art, Edvard Munch, ogama imizobo kunzima ukuba kuthiwe kwicala elinye, bafeza kunikwa zobugcisa. Akazange afune umsebenzi wakhe nje ukuhombisa iindonga zezindlu okanye iimyuziyam. "Imizobo My - le nto nayo mna, idayari wam. Banikele intsingiselo ebomini bam "- babelane ngumzobi ngokusondeleyo.

Ukuvala lo mboniso

Bahamba umhlaba baqhelana ubungqondi ndlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezimbo zobuciko. Uye wayibonisa imisebenzi yakhe kuwo wonke amaziko, kodwa zabangela ukungaxoli kakhulu, kwaye zavalwa mboniso. Masters yesikolo lakudala yokudweba kwakujongwa imifanekiso engaqhelekanga yokumngcikiva kumbukeli, kwaye zidla ngokwakhe elibizwa anarchist. Emva kokuba isaziso lo mboniso "ugly" ukuvala imisebenzi yaziwe ngabantu abatsha ngcembe baqale babubone imifanekiso ihlazo.

impilo yakho zizinziswe

Oqhele isizungu umfana sibalekela ubudlelwane kunye nabafazi, ubanika indima sibulale bayahlelwa kwabantu bonke. I sex fair ukufikelwa uthando kunye art enehlombe umfana zasemzini ngamehlo avuthayo, kodwa Munch wayekholelwa ukuba iimvakalelo ezinamandla buthathaka ukuwutyhalela bayo ukudala.

Eyaziwa lomculi wathandana neqhayiya nentombi zomrhwebi amanene, laphela kabuhlungu ngenxa zombini: intombazana ukhathazeka owaba umthwalo ukuba umfana wazama ityhefu kuye, ndakuqonda ukusuka Edward malunga ngokwahlukana, yaye emva kokuba zibuyiswa kwabafileyo ngokoqobo, yena wadutyulwa ingalo ukuya ngumzobi.

breakdowns luvo kunye nonyango lwesifo

Wanyamezela imisebenzi eziliqela, ndaphoswa ngomnwe, Munch ndandinexhala ngekamva lakhe. Xa igcisa unsociable ke iqala ityala yokwenene mania intshutshiso. luvo zakhe badlula kakhulu, kwaye igcisa waqhekeza abantu random. Wayengenako nokuba ukubetha abo, ngokoluvo lwakhe, izimvo elimsulwa ngaye. ekuhlaseleni bephelekwa ngezenzo ndlongondlongo kukhokelela Munch kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo, waza waphathwa kunye electroshock.

Le artist wayesazi ukuba kuphela ekuhlangabezaneni ubunxila kunye nokudakumba, wathumela uncedo ingcali. Ndimele ndithi ukuba isifo zange ashiye naye emveni kunyango ixesha elide. Kodwa Edward wawuthabatha, ecinga ukuba umsebenzi wakhe kuhlangene ukuya breakdowns ngengqondo.

Ukuthandwa engalindelekanga

Emva unyango olunzulu wakhululwa Munch. "Akukho lula ukufumana phandle. Yonke imibuzo ayikwazi ukuba iphendulwe njengoko ufuna. Kufuneka ukuba athelekelele into uyilindele koogqirha, okanye ahlale khona kude kuse ephakadeni, "- iinkumbulo ekwabelwana ngayo Edvard Munch. Imisebenzi wegcisa okhanyayo nexesha elichithwa esibhedlele, aba ethandwayo.

Baziinkosi, owaba ngobusuku odumileyo, sibukela unikeza neegalari zehlabathi, kunye nabaqokeleli zabucala. Kodwa "emnyama Norwegian" njengoko ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa ababephila, kwakungekho ziyakhawuleza ukuba ahlukane kunye nomntwana wabo. Wayengenako ukwenza ngaphandle ebona ngemizobo yakhe.

Makhe nokukhutshelwa umphefumlo womntu

Artist Edvard Munch wazoba zonke iingcamango ngaphakathi kwakhe, ukuzama ukunceda ubuchule bakhe kwabanye ukuqonda yobunzima ubomi kwaye bacacise injongo yayo. Emva 1900, udala ingqokelela ekumeni, waba uhlobo enkulu emsebenzini wakhe. Ezi imisebenzi abangenakulibaleka apho imitya exhamle ubuncwane komphefumlo aphandwe. Le artist akazange abhale odola eni okukhoyo kwabo abaziyo kancinane, kwaye idlulisele kuphela kwihi zangaphandle oko akazange aneliseke.

Ubuchule kule minyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe

Kodwa ke ixesha kamva abahlalutyi ezininzi inkosi aye aqonda kakhulu aluphumelelanga. Edvard Munch, ogama imisebenzi bazala iingcamango ezinzulu bulumko, kodwa wafumana buthathaka ngokwemiqathango zobugcisa, uye wasebenza nzima ucweyo lwakhe. isimbo sakhe sitshintshile zambi, kunye nemifanekiso beqabe nemivumbo erhabaxa, badane fans zabo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umbhali wabandezeleka ngenxa yezifo iliso, ngenxa apho kamva wayeka ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza.

Munch wafa ekuqaleni 1944, kufuphi Oslo, ngexesha umsebenzi waseJamani. Akazange ashiye emva kokufa abafundi, ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe lisahlulayo lobuqu kakhulu kwaye luluvo.

"Girl lokugula": savalelisa kodade wakhe amthandayo

"Yonk 'into endayenzayo ngemisebenzi, linyanzelekile ukuba ukuzalwa vhidiyo" - wavuma Munch. "Girl EGULAYO" - yokuqala imisebenzi yakhe, umculi Yaduma. amanxeba anzulu emva kokufa zihlobo ebuntwaneni washiya uphawu soze umphefumlo inkwenkwe msinya. Echaza ukufa nesifo udade, kwaye iintshukumisa zokugula kunye nokufa kudla badlula umsebenzi wakhe.

Iminyaka emashumi mane, Munch akazange avumele ukufa ngesiquphe udade wakhe oyintanda, yaye uye wadala iinguqulelo ezintlanu kulo mfanekiso, phantsi zagxekwa evela eluntwini. Obonisa intombazana kumsebenzi wakhe lokufa, kwaye ulunika ingqalelo zaguquka ebonakalayo kumsebenzi womzobi, wakhokela yokusabela ihlazo oluntu ngendlela engqwabalala enjalo yokubhala kunye yokubonakalisa mvakalelo esalelweyo - ukubandezeleka, iintlungu kunye ithemba abantu.

Ukutshutshiswa abahlalutyi nokungaqondi kawonke

Ukuhlala ukuphulaphula izityholo zokudakumba kunye formlessness thaca abaphulaphuli imisebenzi unsociable Edvard Munch. Imifanekiso kunye namagama ukuba ukrwele umgca ntlekele enzulu nokuqhubekeka intlungu umbhali, azizange zamkelwe luluntu, ukuba nimthande laphu igqityiwe, bakude art esengqiqweni. Abahlalutyi benza iphazamise kuhlaselo lomculi waza wabiza indalo yakhe ayiphumelelanga ngokuphandle.

Umntu opeyintayo onesiphiwo kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukulwela inkululeko ubuchule, makabuzwe imihla sisigculelo kunazo nokubagculela ngokuhlupheka inzala, wayithumela imeko yabantu, kunokuba ukubonakala kwayo. Zidla wadalelwa ukuba enziwe mpuluswa yi izinqumo umgangatho ngemizobo zobugcisa, ngokoqobo eqhiphuke umbilini ababephila ubomi.

ukupeyinta Mysterious "The Scream"

Imveliso kakhulu selo ubungqondi inkosi - ekudluliseleni bagutyungelwe umzobo yabantu yokwenene "I Scream". Munch, owayenesifo kukoyika izithuba ezivulekileyo, ezotywe umlinganiswa ophambili, ngubani avakalelwa into ezikhohlakeleyo. Kwaye kukho uloyiko emangalisayo ezingekhoyo yena yedwa, kwaye amanani amabini emva kwentetho uxolo, ngaphandle kokuva ukukhala eyoyikekayo.

Abaphandi ngomzobi Norwegian yakuthobela ukuba bacinga ukuba le web ibhalwe phantsi kwempembelelo sungula yengqondo Munch ukugula. isidalwa Sexless, wavula umlomo wakhe, intloko yakhe ngezandla zakhe, ukuze bangawevi imikhwazo ezimbi nga kuye kwabakhuthaza ngendlela Mama, leyo wabona umboniso Norwegian.

Hpwap luvo Munch

Emele umsebenzi ezingaqhelekanga lisibekele "Scream"? Munch wayekholelwa ukuba umntu kumzabalazo nendalo ayinakuze iphumelele. Lo mfanekiso kokuba ndayihluthwa esingxobeni zokuzikhusela, nemikhosi ngamnye yangaphandle kumenza azive ubuhlungu engakholelekiyo. Umlinganiswa oyintloko - ngumdali, kunye luvo zakhe ze iphendula yonke touch. Zidla lokukhuselwa ukukhala zendalo, kwaye lo mzobo Iqhawe yokusabela yendalo kukoyika umntu, ubalekile iingozi zokwenyani okanye eziboniweyo.

bango

Ekuqaleni ukuzoba ebizwa "Ukukhala indalo." Yiloo nto, ndiyagubha imincili, wavakalelwa umbhali ngo-1892 e-Nice. Mhlawumbi akumangalisi ukuba umfanekiso ongemhle enjalo ehlobene eyimfihlakalo isiqalekiso nabani na oza kuye nawuphi na qha. Abasebenzi ukudlulisa umfanekiso, ukuzibulala ngenxa iintloko ezibuhlungu kakhulu, yaye wawela kwingozi emanyumnyezi. Fingered Isinikezeli undwendwe ukwazi itshiswe bambulalela endlwini yakhe.

A umfanekiso ezixabisa ngaphezu $ 70 million ukubiwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kodwa wayesoloko wabuyela Munch Museum e Oslo. umoya siya ukusungulwa kwi ngelaphu, ichaphazela psyche ye oyibukeleyo, naqiniswa loo nto ngokwenzululwazi.

Akukho mntu owaziyo ukuba kwaba buhlungu ingozi, asuse imiphefumlo yabantu, okanye nokupeyinta okunene eyimfihlakalo iye nxi embi. Nantoni na, kodwa iindwendwe myuziyam uzama kuthintelwe kuyo.

"Intuthuzelo". Ngemizobo black and white

Unusual image emnyama namhlophe abantu ababini behleli ze kwi lodonga ongasemva wadala 1894 Kusekho Munch kancinane-yaziwa. "Intuthuzelo" - ngoko ke wabiza umsebenzi wakhe graphic, sengqiqweni yokusasaza lithemba kunye nosizi mfazi, wabeka izandla zakhe ubuso bakhe iinyembezi-namabala. Its ngobunono igudla mthwalo yomntu, kodwa isenzo sakhe uzole Unganciphisa stroke esingalindelekanga isiphelo eso sitshabalalisa ubomi serene weqabane lakhe.

Graphics Munch - ihlabathi eyahlukileyo, apho ukususela imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ukuya gabalala wemka. "Ukukhululeka," ngomnye imisebenzi yokuqala ngemizobo ngokuthi edume Norwegian.

Picture-ingqumbo "Madonna"

"Madonna" Bonke ubomi bakhe ukubandezeleka Munch kaThixo leyo ufana encinane kumfanekiso eqhelekileyo Classic, kuthwelwe iimvakalelo zakhe ezifihlakeleyo kwi ngelaphu. Kokuqwalasela nomfazi imfihlelo ebantwini bonke: "oyiNgcwele engathethekiyo, iziyobisi kunye nokubandezeleka. Indoda ngubani crazy. "

Okulusizi kukuba ulwalamano kunye nentombi yakhe kuye elinye uphawu umrhwebi newayini umphefumlo womntu, ababekholelwa ukuba ubuhle umfazi yeyona nto ibuhlungu kwaye kuyingozi. "Madonna" artist abalwaziyo nayiphi bobungcwele nokusulungeka. Ibekwe umfazi uthabatheke egubungele amehlo yakhe lidiniwe waziphosa mizwa. refluent yakhe iinwele oluhlaza ichithwe yaye kwabonakala igcwele ingozi enkulu. background ngelaphu obukhulu ephazamisayo kunye lidiza kwabanye uhlobo isoyikiso kuluntu xa lulonke.

Munch ukwenza umsebenzi apho uthando ngokusondeleyo onxulumene isiphelo sobomi emhlabeni, ndandifuna ukuba bapase kuzo zonke izigaba, nto leyo umfazi - ukusuka nokuzalwa afe. Kunye nabaphulaphuli waziva umfanekiso kakhulu nekrwada, enika kuphela umqhele efanayo kumfanekiso eziphefumlelweyo le Madonna.

"Ukuhlukana": intlungu yokwahlukana

Kule phepha, ndafaka isicelo ezintathu Edvard Munch style ukupeyinta. "Ukuhlukana" ibhalwe emva amava embi eluthandweni unxulumano umzobi, hlula indlela umfanekiso zangaphambili kunye langoku. Uhlola ihlabathi lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle ukubandezeleka kwabantu, uvezwa ubuso ongemhle Sandixhasa isandla yamagazi akhe phezu kwentliziyo. Ekunene Munch zipeyintwe ilokhwe eqaqambileyo intombazana okutshatyalaliswa. Umbhali ugxininisa ukuba akuba bamshiya uTshawe ezama ukulibala lowo owabangela ukuba ukubandezeleka okukhulu, ubuso bakhe isuswa ngokusisigxina engqondweni yakhe.

Ngqo phambi emntwini, yinto efana isityalo engaqhelekanga okanye isidalwa kunye iintloko ezimbini. into Red ubukeka eqinileyo ekuqaleni ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini lakrazuka kubini. Sisebenzise kwemiYalezo, imiqondiso kunye nouveau zobugcisa edlulisa nentlekele yokuzahlula.

Ukungafi kwimifanekiso

Lonely yaye kunzima ukuba idibane nabantu Edvard Munch, ogama imisebenzi ndiyangqina kubantu italente yakhe wethu, ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi yabangela kakhulu intetho malunga nomsebenzi wakhe, nto leyo eyayibonisa ubuntu ziphikisana lombhali. Ngubani akazange unqwenela ukuba ahlukane ne imizobo ziye ubunzima kunye namaphupha ahlangana nabo bebonke, Munch gqolo ukuhlala ngemizobo yakhe, wamenza ukungafi.