Sparta yamandulo imbali yayo

Ngelo xesha xa Greece wakhula emzini enamandla, neengcamango wacinga uhlobo lwezinto, imfazwe Sparta wayephila ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Lo msebenzi uphambili abemi besixeko isoloko kulungiselelwa uhlaselo. Usongo imfazwe rhoqo lalijinga phezu Sparta. Abahlali abayi ukwenza uhambo ezintsha, bafuna uxolo, kodwa kwimeko ingozi kwezinye izixeko namazwe babefuna ukuba ilungiswe. Yonke impi yiSparta waya ukuziphendulela iindaba emazweni: plain Messinia kunye Eurotas entilini. Kwaye ukuba agade ezi sayithi kungekhona abamelwane babo, ophanga kubo, kwaye ukusuka amakhoboka abahlala kwezi ndawo, yaye usoloko ekulungele ukuba bavukele.

Sparta yamandulo ukubala 9,000 waba 200,000 amakhoboka-helots, ngubani iintloko zawo emhlabeni, kodwa andizange ndililahle ithemba woyekelelo. Umzekelo kunyaka 464, xa isixeko yatshatyalaliswa yinyikima, le helots baphuma apho, kodwa kungekhona ukuze asindise ubomi yeenkosi zabo, ukuba bababulale. Kodwa ke, ngenxa kusengaphambili yokumkani Archidamus, wamakhela yokuhlasela amajoni asindileyo, amakhoboka lweMedia. Emva koko, kwaqengqeleka iminyaka engaphezu kwama-10 imfazwe igazi elimsulwa, aphinde ukukhokela helots anikezele.

Emva ukuzithoba amakhoboka Sparta Ancient, nto leyo Doric ezinxulumene uluntu Megara kunye eKorinte, uyabandakanyeka imfazwe eAthene. Emva amadabi elide, elide ukulwa nguRhulumente ukulwa woyisa State of iinkcuba kunye zobulumko. Noko ke, oku akuzange nje yazisa udumo olukhulu, kodwa ingxaki enkulu. Into yokuba ngoko nangoko emva kokuphumelela ofisi e Sparta weza hoplites ebathiyile 'abamnyama' kwaye qaphela kuphela uhlobo lwazo. Ayizange singafani abarhwebi enkulu kunye nabameli abakumgangatho ophantsi, basoloko wazama ukutshintsha amandla. Ngoko ke, urhulumente Sparta kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuzikhusela ebantwini.

Sparta, ogama imbali ibamba uloyiso ezininzi emkhosini, yamandulo woyiswa okokuqala ngqa ngo-371 Thebans. Kule mfazwe, inkqubo entsha zolwakhiwo phalanges ( "order elibhalwe ngokumileyo") iye isetyenziswe. Ngexesha edabini, wambulala ukumkani yiSparta Cleombrotus, kwaye xa umkhosi ngokungenaloyiko woyika, wabaleka ukusuka edabini. Kodwa oku zange ayeke Thebans. Bafudukela Sparta, kwaye yiSparta wabonisa igunya labo ekulweni. Ngenxa yoko, i Thebans waphumelela ithafa Messinian.

Sinokuthi emva eli dabi Sparta yaMandulo waqala ukuphelelwa ngamandla alo. Kanye phakathi "ulingana no" yiSparta yaqala ukubonakala "ezincinane". Abantu abaninzi baqala kuthengisa kumazwe awo, ngokuba Bazifumanisa abasweleyo. Nangona abantu baye bazama ukugcina zokunqanda amandla Sparta, abasetyhini baqala ukuzibandakanya kunenzala. Bathenga umhlaba amatyala. Ngaloo ndlela, kwaqalisa ezithile ngokwezinga yoluntu, kwakukho ngophakathi esisityebi. Zonke kangako banikwa uqeqesho wamajoni abaselula.

Kuphela neminyaka elikhulu kamva, iinkokeli Sparta waqonda ukuba akukho mntu okukhusela edolophini, wathabatha imigudu ukuba babuyele imiyalelo kumaxesha angaphambili. ukuba kuphindwe Ilizwe, amatyala irhoxisiwe, amajoni beziingcamba zaye augmented helots olomeleleyo periekami. Kodwa basebukhosini yesixeko wamoyika entsha, i-revolution yaqala, leyo wakhuthaza baseMakedoni. Ngoko 221 yiSparta ubunzima omnye boyisiwe, kodwa bengasekho apho ezandleni Thebans.

inkqubo yemfundo Spartan

Urhulumente silwe ingqalelo kakhulu ukukhusela isixeko nxamnye neentshaba bangaphakathi kunye nabangaphandle. Ukulungiselela le njongo kwaye phambili kwinkqubo yemfundo, olu sapho lwaluquka izigaba 3:

- Imfundo amakhwenkwe ukusuka kwiminyaka esi-7 ukuya kwi-12. Kweli nqanaba, abantwana zihlelwe. Badlale yaye bafunde. Kodwa ootitshala ngokuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana walwa phakathi rhoqo. Ngoko bayalibona amandla kunye nobuthathaka nabadlali bakhe.

- Ukususela kwiminyaka eli-12 ukuya kuma-20 amakhwenkwe ubudala sasimanyene ngokwamaqela, apho wakhokela amakhwenkwe eziphezulu. Kweli nqanaba kwakungekho umdlalo, bonke ingqalelo wanikwa uqeqesho emkhosini.

- Ukusuka engama-20 ukuya kuma-30, yiSparta sasimanyene sissitii - iqela ebandakanya ngokuqhelekileyo labantu-15. Baqhubeka ukubandakanyeka kuqeqesho yasemkhosini isangqa yakhe, kodwa ngoku iyakwazi ukuqala usapho, benze imisebenzi yabo yasekhaya.

Njengoko kubonakala, Sparta yaMandulo ingqalelo kakhulu uqeqesho ezi okulwa ukukhusela isimo sabo.