Yintoni inkqubo lestvichnaya: inkcazelo, intsingiselo kunye nesicelo

akuso Agnatic kwi historiography eyaziwa njengomnye zeenkqubo wokulandelelana ukumkani. Amaninzi eli gama lisetyenziswa ngokunxulumene nexesha ephakathi Rus wobukhosi ukuqhekeka.

Imvelaphi kwenkqubo

wabonakala Umgaqo Generic yelifa (okanye ngenye "inkqubo lestvichnaya") kwi the Rurik Minor. Ekuqaleni, eRussia enye karhulumente esembindini ikomkhulu yayo Kiev. Kwathi ngo-882 xa Oleg united ikomkhulu elitsha esemazantsi esuka Novgorod Enkulu. iinkosana Kamva abalawula, ehlala phezu kweendonga weDanube. Nge kwisizukulwana ngasinye Rurikovich lininzi inani lamadoda (bazalwana, kunye thoroughbreds t. D.).

Xa Svyatoslav ngenkulungwane X akabandulula oonyana abancinane iirhuluneli kweminye imizi. Lo mkhuba wasinda alandela yakhe. Kwangaxeshanye, oku kwakhokelela isiyaluyalu zembujiswano kunye neemfazwe. Inkulu mfana zange afune ukuba ube ukwimeko ekuxhomekekeni Kiev ne ngokunokwazo ayithimba le mzi, okanye isaziso inkululeko yabo. Noko ke, ixesha lemfazwe ngasinye obuzimele ezifana lwaphela enye efanayo, omnye ngabaviwa iphumelele, zinganakwa kubadlali belinye iqela uze namandla kwakhona emanyeneyo-. Lalingekafiki lestvichnaya inkqubo, kodwa kuphela iziqalo yayo.

vumelwano

Nokugqama karhulumente yamandulo Russian weza ebukumkanini Yaroslava Mudrogo, owafa ngowe-1054. Sanukufana nooyihlo zakhe, wathumela kwakhona oonyana abancinane iirhuluneli (e Novgorod, Pereslavl, njalo njalo. D.). Kakade ke, xa imbambano yaqala ngenxa yoko. Jaroslav inzala ayikwazanga kusonjululwe ngezigalo, nguwuphi na kubo okulungileyo, yaye ke ngoko zonke bahlanganisana ndawonye kwindawo nkongolo in Liubech. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1097. Ngeli xesha, amandla uye walwela nabazukulwana Yaroslav. Yaba kule ntlanganiso lestvichnaya nkqubo iye yamkelwa.

Ukungazazi yafikelelwa ngenxa yokuba uqoqosho kunye ntle yeli lizwe ziye phantsi iimfazwe rhoqo. Ukongeza, i-nokuxubana umnwe utshaba lwangaphandle. Zizo ezo Cumans - abasemathanga zasendle ababehlala kuloo mathafa ukuya emzantsi nasempuma kwe-Russia. Zihlelwe rhoqo uhambo karhataka uxolo lomzi, baphanga okanye anikeziweyo lerhafu. Ukuze simelane kubo, ukunyanzela ubulawuli esincinane ngokwaneleyo. Urhulumente yayeka ukuba iyonke, kwaba ngathi Quilt ombaxa, apho ngalinye "iqhekeza" yokwenza izinto izilangazelelo zabo.

Amaqela eziphambili kwi-Congress kwakukho Svyatoslav Izyaslavovich (ePrince of Kiev), Vladimir Monomakh (Pereslavl prince) kunye Oleg Svyatoslavovych (ePrince of Chernigov). Bahlale zichasene omnye komnye. Kunjalo, bakwazi ukuba uyavuma. inkqubo lestvichnaya ilifa entsha eyamkelwe ngamaqela, imisela imigaqo ezibophelelayo bonke abalawuli.

iimpawu eziphambili

Abathetheli eyaziwayo ngokulinganayo. Bamkela elowo ilifa, abe nguyise wakhe. Ngokusisiseko, oku kwakuthetha ukuqonda kokuzimela iziko lephondo Kiev. Ngelo xesha, "unina izixeko Russian" ezifanele zilawule umthetheli, ngubani lo mdala kwi Dynasty. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba emva Svjatopolka amandla kufuneka uye Vladimir Monomakh (nomzala wakhe), njengoko kwenzeka 1113. Le inkqubo ethile-lestvichnaya. Kiev Wagqitha ukusuka omdala umzalwana omncinane. imimiselo Eminye kuqala abantwana, kulandele abaza babo njalo njalo. D. Le nkqubo iye ezingazinzanga. Kudla zicelo ongekho wagwilika abadala. Ngamanye amaxesha baphumelela.

Enye ulawulo umdla eyahlula inkqubo lestvichnaya ilifa kuye elinamandla isiko. Ngoko wabiza-abameli Rurik ubukhosi, Abayise babo abazange baphile ngokuvisisana lithuba lakhe ukuba ngukumkani eKiev (okanye nasiphi na esinye isixeko). Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi abagxothiweyo zaye abaqeshwe kwinkonzo nabanye abalawuli kunye izama baba. Abanye banikwa ilifa okhethekileyo lokuxheshisela entsha, ukuba kuphela landa inani kumaqumrhu ngezopolitiko eRashiya.

Ukufana ne senoratom

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba imiyalelo ezifanayo iRussia babekhethekile. Kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, kumaXesha Aphakathi, lo mgaqo yayithandwa njengendlela elungileyo ukusombulula iimbambano phakathi kweentsapho ezinamandla. Kukho senoratom wabiza le nkqubo. Umahluko kuphela kukuba kamva ukuba urhulumente waseRashiya singene kwisigaba ekungafuneki, yaye kuthetha kamva, yaye kwalo.

Russia nenkqubo lestvichnaya

Kwakhona iinkosana Liubech wavuma ukuba ngoku bebonke baya kulwa Polovtsian nokuthumela kwaqeqeshwa abo webutho. Ngokubanzi ukuba umphumo ube mhle kuphela Lyubech Congress ngowe-1097.

Kamva zonke umsantsa ngonyaka phakathi embindini kunye namaphondo e Kiev waba buqapheleke. inkqubo zokuhambisa umbane lestvichnaya aziphethe ngayo iye yaba esinye sezizathu ezingundoqo zale nkqubo. Ekugqibeleni Kiev walahlekelwa iinkokeli zayo, emva kokuba yathinjwa umkhosi Andreya Bogolyubskogo ngo-1168. Ngelo xesha Vladimir-Suzdal Prince akazange ingahlali Dnieper, wabeka umva ally yayo. ekugqibeleni Oku kuqinisekiswa umyalelo omtsha yezinto - Uyekile ukwenza elikomkhulu Kiev Rus.

Ukuqhekeka kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho umsantsa wenkcubeko phakathi izixeko basentla nobasezantsi. Kwiminyaka yokuqala, xa kwakukho lestvichnaya kwinkqubo (definition yayithandwa ingakumbi phakathi mbali kwinkulungwane XIX), akuzange kube okuphawuleka kakhulu. Noko ke, loo malinge Mongol kunye ukuvela karhulumente enamandla Lithuanian ekugqibeleni wayeka naluphi na unxibelelwano phakathi ngasezantsi ihlathi emathafeni ngasentla.

oonobangela

Kudla kukho ingxoxo-mpikiswano: yintoni inkqubo lestvichnaya? Le ingozi embi okanye ipateni. Uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa Russia kunye ukumkani Yurophu kumaXesha Aphakathi ibonisa ukuba sisuke uphuhliso ubhalo kwimeko kwembali. ENgilani, eFransi, ingakumbi eJamani ebusweni, ibe ibobaa buso ukuqhekezwa enxulumene nokubuyiswa komhlaba ukondla. Andiqondi ukuba elo lifa wanikwa inkosana ethile - kuba belisoloko squad, leyo ubulawuli nganye undoqo kunye namandla engundoqo.

Yiyo le yeklasi (ngamanye amagama, izinduna elizayo) obengasemva imbonakalo inkululeko ngo oozilawuli zephondo. akuso Agnatic akazange kuphela icebo lokuyigxotha ekuxhomekekeni kwi "iziko" wesiqhelo. Emantla Russian (Novgorod, Pskov) ukuya XV-XVI eminyaka. Chamber kunye kwiriphabliki wayekho format. Abemi yale mizi babenenkululeko ezizodwa. ukuzimela kwabo abathetheli senziwa Bulelani kunokwenzeka ukuba ubutyebi (ngenxa norhwebelwano nabamelwane entshona), kwakunye zotshintshiselwano ngenkcubeko nabo bonke abo baseYurophu elifanayo (umzekelo, kunye namalungu i okhawulezileyo हायपरटेक्स्ट).

Ukwala yezikhundla agnatic

akuso Agnatic abasindayo xesha Mongol kulawula phezu eRashiya. It zincediswa isiko ukufumana iilebhile ukusuka khans ukuba alawule (ngoko kakhulu, njengoko umthetho, ukhetho iwela kwicala bamphetheyo). Kulo mzekelo, ithambo abaxabana akazange eKiev, effete, kunye Vladimir-on-Klyazma.

Xa simanyene zizilawuli, Russian malunga eMoscow (ngenkulungwane XV), abalawuli yesicelo wala esibulalayo practice ezindaweni. Amandla kuye yedwa odlayo. Abazalwana kunye nezinye izihlobo babe ngabalawuli okanye iirhuluneli umtyunjwa kweli phondo.