UAnton Ivanovich Denikin: i-shortography biography, impumelelo

Kwimbali yehlabathi lonke kwakukho abantu abaninzi nabangaphandle. Lo mntu ungumkhokeli wempi owaziwayo, kunye nomsunguli wenhlangano yokuzithandela, u-Anton Ivanovich Denikin. I-biography emfutshane inokuxelela ukuba naye wayengumbhali obalaseleyo kunye nommemori kwinto yonke. Ubuntu obumangalisayo bendima indima ebalulekileyo kwimbali yombutho waseRashiya.

Ubuntwaneni kunye nolutsha

Abafundi abaninzi ezikolweni malunga naloo mfundi omkhulu waseRashiya baqala ukufunda kuphela ngenkcazo yeempumelelo zakhe. Malunga nobuntwana kunye nemvelaphi yabantu abambalwa kakhulu abazi. I-biography yakhe emfutshane ichaza ngale nto. U-Anton Denikin uzalwe kwidolophu yesithili sase-Warsaw, okanye ngokuthe ngqo, kwiidolophu zaseWloclawsk. Esi siganeko esibalulekileyo senzeke ngomhla kaDisemba, umhla we-4, ngowe-1872.

Uyise wayevela kwimvelaphi yelizwe kwaye kwasekuzalweni kwakhe wafundisa unyana wakhe inkolo. Ngoko ke, eneminyaka emithathu, le nkwenkwe yayibhaptiziwe. Unina ka-Anton wayengumPolish, ngenxa yoko, uDenikin wayesebenzisa isiPolish nesiRashiya kakuhle. Kwaye kwiminyaka emine, ngokungafani neontanga zakhe, wayesele efunde ngokulula. Wayeyinkwenkwe enomdla kakhulu kwaye kwasekuqaleni wayekade ekhonza esibingelelweni.

Isikolo sangempela saseWroclaw yindawo apho uAnton Ivanovich Denikin afunde khona. I-biography, ibali lobomi kunye neminye imithombo eyahlukeneyo ichaza ngale ndoda yempi, ithi xa uneminyaka elishumi elinesithathu le nkwenkwe yaphoqelelwa ukuba ifumane isonka sayo ngokufundisa. Ngaloo minyaka uyise wafa, kwaye intsapho yaqala ukuhlala ihlwempu.

Emva kokugqiba izifundo zakhe esikolweni, wangena esikolweni saseKiev infantry, emva koko wafumana isikhundla se-lieutenant yesibini.

U-Anton Ivanovich Denikin wayesephondo laseSedlodsky. I-biography efutshane ichaza malunga nokuba emva kokugqitywa kwi-Kiev School wakwazi ukuzikhethela le ndawo, kuba wayezibonakalisa engomnye wabafundi abahamba phambili ngexesha lokufunda kwakhe.

Umkhosi wempi waqala njani?

Ukususela ngo-1892, wakhonza kwintsimi yesibini, kwaye ngowe-1902, sele sele efumene i-rank of senior advocate kwikomkhulu ekuqaleni kwenkxaso yesondlo, kwaye emva koko enye yamabutho amahhashi.

Ngelo xesha, izenzo zemikhosi zaqala phakathi kwamazwe aseRashiya naseJapan, apho u-Anton Ivanovich Denikin wathatha inxaxheba kwaye wazibonakalisa engcono. I-biografi emfutshane kunye neengxelo ebomini bakhe zithi yena wazimela ngokuzimela ukuba ahambe kwimikhosi esebenzayo, ngoko wangenisa ingxelo ecela ukudluliselwa. Ngenxa yoko, le nsizwa ifumene isithuba segosa labasebenzi, imisebenzi yabo yayiquka ukwenza izabelo ezibalulekileyo.

Kulo mfazwe, uDenikin waba ngumlawuli omkhulu. Impumelelo yemikhosi emininzi yamkela i-rank of colonel, kwaye yafumana ilungelo lokunikezwa imiyalelo kunye nemigangatho eyahlukeneyo karhulumente.

Kwiminyaka eyisixhenxe ezayo yobomi bakhe, u-Anton Ivanovich Denikin wakwazi ukutyelela abasebenzi abaninzi. Ubomi obuncinane bolu hlobo lwesiRashiya lubonisa ukuba sele sele sele unyaka weshumi elinesine wekhulu lokugqibela wabuya kwisikhundla soMkhulu-Jikelele.

Impumelelo enkulu yempi

Ngokukhawuleza xa bevakalisa ukuqala kweentlanzi, uDenikin akazange adidezele ukucela ukuba adlulisele phambili ukuze athathe inxaxheba kwiimfazwe neentshaba. Ngenxa yoko, wamiselwa ukuba abe ngumlawuli wesigqeba sesine, owayezikhethela phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe kwiimfazwe ezininzi zonyaka ukususela ngo-1914 ukuya ku-1916. Abaninzi babo babibizwa ngokuba "ngabacima umlilo", njengoko bevame ukuthunyelwa kumacandelo anzima kakhulu emkhosini.

U-Anton Denikin ukufumana izibhengezo zemikhosi kunye ne- Order yase St. Ngomnyaka we-1916, kunye neqela lakhe, wenza ukuphumelela kwe-South-Western Front kwaye wamiselwa njengomlawuli wamagosa amabutho ezisibhozo.

Iminyaka yenguqulelo

Inyaniso yokuba u-Anton uthatha inxaxheba ebonakalayo kwimicimbi yeFebruwari yonyaka weshumi elinesixhenxe wenkulungwane ye-20 iboniswe ngcaciso yakhe emfutshane. I-Denikin (inqaku lomntu ngo-1917) laqhubeka lihamba ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba lomsebenzi ngexesha leNguqulelo kaFebhuwari.

Ekuqaleni wamiselwa ukuba abe ngumphathi wabasebenzi, waza wenziwa umphathi-ntloko kuyo yonke imikhosi eMzantsi-Western Front. Kodwa kuzo zonke iintlanganiso kunye neentlanganiso, uDenikin wagxeka kakhulu izenzo zorhulumente wethutyana. Wathi loo nkqubo ingakhokelela ekuhleni komkhosi kwaye ifuna ukuba imfazwe iphelelwe ngokukhawuleza.

Emva kweengxelo ezinjalo ngoJulayi 29, 1917, u-Anton Ivanovich wabanjwa waza wafakwa eBerchechev, waza wabuyela e-Bykhov, apho abaninzi abahlobo bakhe nabo baboshwa phantsi kokubanjwa. Ngomhla kaNovemba waloo nyaka, wakhululwa enkululeko kwaye kunye namaxwebhu okukhohlisa egameni likaAlexandro Dombrovsky angangena kwiDon.

Umyalelo we-Volunteer Army

Ekuqaleni kwebusika ka-1917 uDenikin Anton Ivanovich wafika eNovocherkassk. I-biography emfutshane malunga nelo xesha lobomi bakhe lixelela ukuba kwakunjalo ngoko kwakhiwa kwe-Volunteer Army kuqale kule ndawo, kwintlangano yakhe ethathe inxaxheba. Ngenxa yoko, waqeshwa njengomphathi weCandelo lokuqala lamaVolontiya, kwaye ngo-1918, emva kokufa okubuhlungu kweKornilov, waba ngumlawuli wamkhosi wonke.

Emva koko wenyuka waya kwisikhundla seMlawuli-kwiNtloko yeeMpi zoMmandla waseMzantsi Russia kwaye wakwazi ukunqoba lonke elaseDon. Ngomnyaka we-1920, u-Anton Ivanovich wayesele waba ngumbusi ophezulu, kodwa akazange ahlale ixesha elide. Ngaloo nyaka wanyusa iinjongo zikaRhulumente kuGeneral F.P. Wrangel waza wanquma ukushiya iRashiya ngonaphakade.

Ukufudukela kwamanye amazwe

Ukuqhutyelwa kwinqwelo-moya eYurophu ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa komhlophe kwamenza sizive sisininzi neengxaki. IConstantinople yayiyidolophu yokuqala apho, kunye neentsapho zakhe ngo-1920, zaya kuDenikin Anton Ivanovich.

Ibali elifutshane elizinikezelwe kwibali lakhe lobomi, libonisa ukuba akazange azenzele nayiphi na indlela yokuphila kuzo zonke. Wayehamba kwiidolophu zaseYurophu ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye, de wahlala ixesha elithile kwidolophu encinane yaseHungary. Emva koko intsapho yaseDenikin yanquma ukuya eParis, apho imisebenzi eyabhalwa nguye yapapashwa.

Ukusuka kumkhosi wempi kubalobi

U-Anton Ivanovich wayenalo talente yokubonisa kakuhle iingcamango zakhe ephepheni, ngoko ke zonke iincwadana zakhe kunye neencwadi zifundwa ngentshisekelo nangemihla yethu. Iinguqu zokuqala zapapashwa eParis. Imirhumo kunye nokuhlawula ukunyulwa kwaba yimali yakhe kuphela.

Kwimizuzu engama-30 yekhulu le-20, iDenikin yapapashwa kwezinye iincwadi zepapasho. Wabhala ezininzi ngeengxaki ezinxulumene nolwalamano lwamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye wakhupha iincwadana ezininzi.

Ingqolowa yemisebenzi yakhe isagcinwa kwilayibrari yase- Columbia University, efundisa imbali yaseRashiya kunye nenkcubeko.

Iminyaka ezayo

Kwiminyaka yeshumi elingaphambili leminyaka, uDenikin, esaba ukuxoshwa ngokunyanzeliswa kwi-Soviet Union, wathuthela eMelika, apho waqhubeka khona umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala.

Ngo-1947, umphathi omkhulu waseRussia wabulawa yintliziyo yesibhedlele kwisibhedlele esibhedlele esibhedlele ukusuka kwunivesithi eMichigan. Wangcwatywa eDetroit.

Iminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, umlotha weentsapho zaseDenikin zithuthwa ukusuka eMelika ukuya eMoscow waza wangcwatywa phantsi kweendlunkulu zaseDonskoy emva kwemvume yentombi yabo uMarna.

Ngokuphathelele konke ukusetyenziswa kunye nokufezekisa, ebudeni bakhe bonke abenza uDenikin Anton Ivanovich, i-biography ngokumalunga nomxholo, akunjalo. Kodwa kunjalo inzala iyazi ubuncinci malunga nabantu abakhulu njengalowo mntu.