Bolsheviks ngubani? Ngaba amaBolshevik angakwesokudla okanye asekhohlo?

IBolsheviks yilabo, kunye ne-Mensheviks, babekade belungu le-Social-Democratic Party. Kodwa kwiwaka elinesithoba elinesithoba elinesithathu nonyaka wesibini kwi-Second Congress, eyayibanjelwe eBrussels, uLenin noMartov babengavumelani nemithetho yobulungu. Yintoni eyabangela ukuhlukana kwamaBolsheviks, afuna ukusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo athile.

Amaphuzu okujonga ezimbini iinkokheli eziphambili

UVladimir Ilyich wayemthanda amaqela amancinci abaguquleli beengcali. UJulius Osipovich akazange avumelane, ecinga ukuba kungcono ukuba neqela elikhulu labasebenzi. Usekelwe kwiingcamango zakhe kwimeko yamaqela asezentlalo ayenamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

UVladimir Lenin wathi inkohlakalo yaseRussia yayifani ngokupheleleyo. Apho kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba iqulunqe imibutho yezopolitiko phantsi kolawulo lolawulo luka-emperor. Ekupheleni kwengxoxo, u-Yulia Osipovich usanqoba. Kodwa uVladimir Ilyich akazange afune ukuvuma ukunqotshwa kunye nokuzicwangcisa lakhe iqela, kwaye iBolsheviks yilabo bajoyine. Abo bahlala bethembekile kuMartov, baqala ukubizwa ngokuba yiMensheviks.

Iqela ngalinye lifuna imali

AmaBolshevik adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-revolution kwiwaka elinesithoba anesihlanu kunyaka, ngenxa yokuba ezininzi iinkokheli zazo zihlala ekuthinjweni kunye nakwamanye amazwe. Kwaye i-Mensheviks yenza inkqubela enkulu, kokubili kumabhunga nakwiimanyano zabasebenzi. Ngesinye iwaka elinamakhulu asithoba anesixhenxe, uVladimir Ilyich ulahlile ithemba lakhe lokuvukela umkhosi.

Ubiza abantu abafana nabantu baseRashiya ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekukhethweni kwi-Third State Duma. AmaBolshevik yinto emele ikhona, kwaye uVladimir Lenin wathatha ixesha elide efuna ukukhululwa kweengxowa-mali ukuqhubela phambili kweqela lakhe. Imivuzo emikhulu yayivela kuMaxim Gorky kunye noSava Morozov, umgidi-mkhosi odumile waseMoscow.

Izindlela zokwenza imali kwiinqhezu zemiqolo

Xa amaqela ahlukana kwaye ukwahlukana ngakumbi kwacaca, enye yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwabo yayiyiyona ndlela inqununu nganye inqume ukuxhasa imali yayo. AmaMensheviks ayeka ukuqokelela ubulungu. Kwaye iBolsheviks yilabo abasebenzisa iindlela ezininzi.

Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo ukuphanga kweebhanki. Ukuhlaselwa okunjalo, okwenziwe kwikhulu elinamakhulu asibhozo anamakhulu anesixhenxe, kuzisa iqela likaVladimir Ilyich malunga nama-ruble angamawaka amabini anamanci mahlanu. Kwaye, ngelishwa, oku kwakungekho kuphela yimeko. I-Mensheviks enjalo indlela yokuzuza, ewe, iyaphuka.

Yintoni abaphendulelekileyo abafumana imali?

Kodwa amaBolsheviks ahlala efuna imali. U-Vladimir Ilyich wayeqinisekile ukuba iziphumo eziphezulu zenguquko zingabangela, ukuba zibandakanya abantu abazinikezela ubomi babo bonke. Futhi ukuhlawulela ixesha kunye nomzamo, wabanika umvuzo omhle wokubingelelwa nokuzinikezela. Lo mqathango wamukelwa ngokukhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuqeshwa ngokupheleleyo kwabaguquleli kunye nokugxila kwimisebenzi yabo, kunye nokubenza bafeze umsebenzi wabo.

Ngaphezu koko, uVladimir Lenin wayesebenzisa rhoqo imali yephathi ukunyathelisa iincwadana ezazisasazwa kwiidolophu ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nemibutho yokunyusa imisebenzi. Ezi ndlela zenkxaso-mali zibahluko ocacileyo phakathi kweBolsheviks kunye neMensheviks kunye neenkolelo zabo.

Ngaba amaBolshevik anemigaqo?

Ekuqaleni kwewaka elinamakhulu asithoba aneshumi, inkxaso yeemigaqo yeBolsheviks iye yaphantse ingekho. Ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala, uVladimir Ilyich wayehlala e-Austria. Kwintlanganiso yeBolsheviks eBern yacacisa imbono yakhe kwimfazwe. ULenin wachaza imfazwe ngokwazo kunye nabo bonke abaxhasayo, kuba, ngoluvo lwakhe, bazithengela i-proletariat.

Watshutshiswa yisigqibo sesininzi senzululwazi eYurophu ukuvuma ukusebenza kwemikhosi. Ngoku uVladimir Ilyich uye wazinikela yonke imikhosi yamalungu akhe ukuba aguqule imfazwe ye-imperialist kwimfazwe yombutho. Ukwahlukana okuphawulekayo phakathi kwamaqela kukuba i-Bolsheviks yilabo baqhubeka ngokunyamezela kwabo.

Kwaye ukuze bafezekise, uVladimir Ilyich Lenin wayedla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiingcamango zakhe zezopolitiko, ukuba wayibona isiqinisekiso sokufumana ithuba elide leqela lakhe. Kwaye le nkqubo yayisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuzama ukufumana abalimi kunye nabasebenzi abanomxholo wokubhala. Wathembisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ubomi obuzukileyo buza kuza emva kokuguquka.

Ipropaganda enamandla yeJamani

Kwaye, ngokwemvelo, namhlanje abantu abaninzi banombuzo malunga nokuba ngabaBolsheviks ngubani na? Iqela labantu abanjengengqondo elalikhohlisile abantu abaqhelekileyo ngenjongo yokufezekisa iinjongo zabo? Okanye okufanayo, abo babesebenze ukudala imeko ephezulu yokuphila kwi-proletariat yaseRussia?

Okokuqala, kwakuyinkampani enomgomo wokugumbuqela urhulumente wesikhashana nokudala entsha. Ngaphezu koko, i-Bolsheviks yayinezivakalisi eziphakamileyo ezithembisa utshintsho olukhulu kwiimeko zobomi kubantu abaqhelekileyo. Ukuphazamiseka kwabo kwakunamandla kangangokuba bafumana inkxaso yoluntu.

Kukho ubungqina bokuba amaBolshevik ngamaKomanisi, axhaswe ngamaJamani, kuba beyazi ukuba uVladimir Ilyich wayefuna ukukhokela iRashiya ngaphandle kweentlanga. Kwaye le yimali eya kunceda ekuphuhliseni amaphulo enkonzo adlulisa ubomi obulungileyo kunye nezinye izibonelelo kubemi.

Imibuzo emininzi echaphazelekayo malunga nokuvela kweBolsheviks

Kwizopolitiko, ezo zimo ezibandakanya iingcamango zokulingana kwentlalo okanye ukuphucula ubomi babantu abaqhelekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa yi-leftist. Bafuna ukwenza izimo ezilinganayo, ezizimeleyo kwimvelaphi yesizwe okanye ubuhlanga. Ngoko ke, xa uphendula umbuzo ukuba ngaba iBolsheviks iphiko elifanelekileyo okanye iphiko lesobunxele, sinokuzimela ngokuzithemba kulolu lathiso.

Ngokubhekiselele kumanyathelo omhlophe, kwadalwa kakade ngexesha leMfazwe yoLuntu, eyaqala ngewaka elinesithoba elinesibhozo elinesixhenxe, kwaye iqela laseBolshevik lasele lisekwe ngelo xesha. Kwaye umsebenzi wokuqala we-White wawukulwa namaSoviet kunye neengcinga zeBolshevik. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntu unombuzo malunga nokuba i-Bolsheviks ibomvu okanye imhlophe, ngoko ngenxa yezi ngxaki kulula ukufumana impendulo kuyo.

IMetro Bolshevikov, iimpawu zokwakha izakhiwo

Okokuqala kokuqala ukwahlula esi sikhululo sisisimboli esibalulekileyo sophatlalathi esinobukhulu becala - "Isibilini nesifo". Kwavulwa ngomhla wama-30 Oktobha, iwaka elinamanci asibhozo anesibhozo anesihlanu. Kwaye i-metro ibizwa ngokuba yiBolsheviks, e-St. Petersburg, "Prospekt Bolshevikov."

Iindonga zesitishi zihlotshiswe kakuhle ngeemabula ezibomvu. Umgangatho wenziwa nge-granite slabs yembala ebomvu nebomvu. Inqaba yesikhululo sikhanyiswa izibane ezinamandla ezidala umoya wokuhamba. Akukho ndawo engabonakaliyo emnandi kunye nomhlaba.

Kodwa ke iBolsheviks - ngubani lo? Kubaluleke kangakanani ukudala le phondo kwilizwe? Okokuqala, uVladimir Ilyich ngokwakhe kunye nequmrhu awayeyilungele (oko babibiza ngokuba yiBolsheviks) inxalenye yembali yorhulumente waseRussia. Enoba benza iimpazamo okanye benze okuthile ukuze bancede abantu kunye nelizwe, aba bantu bafanele bathathe indawo yabo kumaphepha eencwadi kunye neencwadi ezifanelekileyo. Yaye kungekhona kuphela umntu ongenzi nto akenzi iimpazamo.