Yintoni ngokuncedisana ithiyori yamandulo imizekelo

Bonke abantu abadala ukhumbula kwikhondo ibhayoloji esikolweni, ukuba ngokuncedisana enjalo. Okanye ubuncinane weva ilizwi. Noko ke, asingabo bonke uyazi ukuba yeyona ixhaphakileyo umzekelo ngokuncedisana na isibini abantu - iintsholongwane acid acidosis. Enyanisweni, lo ngokuncedisana - kukho naluphi na uhlobo lobudlelane phakathi izinto ezimbini eziphilileyo ukuba babe genotypes ezahlukeneyo kunye proiskhozhdzhenie apho zizo zombini i-khona njengenkqubo enye. Kodwa musa siphambanise ne kukho ngokuncedisana of parasitism, njengoko kudla ngokwenzeka.

Kwindalo, kukho ezi ndidi zilandelayo ngokuncedisana: i parasitism ukhankanywe (uhlobo lolwalamano oko kubalulekile ukuba iqabane elinye, owaxhwalekisa omnye), mutualism (ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano eyinzuzo) commensalism (ubudlelwane zokuxhasa iqabane elinye yaye akakukhathalele omnye), kunye amensalizm (ubudlelwane eziyingozi kwicala elinye akanandaba kuba yesibini). Ngaphezu koko, zesayensi mihla ngokuqhelekileyo zizakubalulwa symbiogenesis okanye endosymbiosis emele ngokuncedisana intracellular, omnye ngaphakathi kwenye iiseli ephilayo. Eziphilayo Ukwalamana bokubambisana, ebizwa eziphila.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na ngokuncedisana, kuyimfuneko kuqala ukuqwalasela yokuqala ukwakheka kwalo, oko kukuthi symbiogenesis. Izazinzulu ziye zabonisa ukuba mitochondria organelle zeselula kunye plastids ngaphambili iintsholongwane yamandulo ezohlukeneyo: i mitochondria baba iintsholongwane kunye plastids prokaryotic - iintsholongwane autotrophic ukuba aye kuhlala ngaphakathi elula iiseli eukaryotic. Ekuqaleni kwalo kwaba ngokuncedisana bokuhlala uhlobo mutualism, ie a budlelwane bentsebenziswano eyinzuzo. Ke, ezi zinto ziphilayo ziyadityaniswa ukuze sentsimbi isakhiwo unitary, ekugqibeleni wanamathela zemfuza.

Yi mgaqo phantsi zokwakha kunye nazo zonke ezinye iintlobo nethunga. Indlela elula ukucinga ukuba ngokuncedisana onjalo, umzekelo ezaziwa ulele. Olu hlobo yonxulumano kufuneka zijongwe mutualism, njengoko ngundo ufumana evela izondlo icyanobacteria kuhlelwe yi yokugqibela, kunye, nayo, idala intsholongwane iimeko zivuma zokusingqongileyo, kusikhusela omiswe, imitha yelanga kunye nezinye iimeko zokusingqongileyo, kwaye kwenza ukuba ubukho a zeendawana ukuba i pH reaction asidi.

Parasitism - njengendlela uhlobo ngokuncedisana. Umzekelo ezaziwa kuyo zithathwa ukuba zonke izinto eukaryotic ezosulelayo, kuquka izinto. Kwezi Ngokuphathelele amaphelo uhlala emzimbeni umkhosi wakhe, utya imithombo yayo. Ukwahlula nesibopho (DC) kunye ozikhethelayo (ngamaxesha athile) parasitism. Iqela lokuqala kuquka iintsholongwane, ukuya yesibini - uneentwala, iintshulube kunye nabanye.

Umzekelo mutualism i iperi microflora umntu-wamathumbu ikhankanywe ngasentla.

Njengenxalenye commensalism ukwahlula iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela ezininzi: zoochory (ukwabiwa iinxalenye zezityalo bakhonza yokuvelisa, usebenzisa izilwanyana) - ezi iintaka ukutya iimbewu okanye oqhuba nabo imilenze yabo), sinoykiya (ukusetyenziswa ephilayo omnye yokuhlala kwenye ngaphandle kokonakalisa yokuqala, umzekelo, intlanzi, zizala kwi kweqokobhe of molluscs). Hayi mazingabhidaniswa Inquiline - usebenzisa host ekhaya ukutshatyalaliswa yokugqibela, umzekelo, izinambuzane, kwindawo otklydyvayuschie ekonookrwece silwanyana okanye Gauls, ngelixa womonakalisi host.

Owona mzekelo uqhelekileyo ulwalamano amensalizma iinkuni kunye moss, amila ngaphantsi. Moss lifumana nefuthe elibi ngokuncedisana onjalo (ukunqongophala ukukhanya, izondlo, amanzi, njl), Yaye care umthi.

Ngoko ke, ngoncedo imizekelo ilula ebabulala ezizakubonisa yintoni na ngokuncedisana, kwaye mazingabhidaniswa commensalism mutualism kunye parasitism.