Ukuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala

Imfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala yenye yeemfazwe ezide kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimbali, ebonakalayo ngegazi elikhulu. Kuthatha iminyaka engaphezu kwezine, kuyathakazelisa ukuba amazwe angamashumi amathathu anantathu (i-87% yabemi behlabathi) ababengamoya karhulumente ngaleso sikhathi bathatha inxaxheba kuyo .

Ukuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala (umhla wokuqala-Juni 28, 1914) wanikela ngamandla ekubunjweni kweebhloko ezimbini: i-Entente (eNgilani, eRussia, eFransi) kunye neThathu ye-Alliance (e-Italy, eJamani, e-Austria). Imfazwe yaqala ngenxa yokuphuhliswa okungafaniyo kwenkqubo ye-capitalist kwinqanaba le-imperialism, kwaye ngenxa ye-Anglo-German.

Izizathu zokuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala zilandelayo:

1. Iingxaki zoqoqosho lwehlabathi.

2. Ukuchithwa kweemfuno zaseRashiya, eJamani, eSerbia, kunye neBritani eFransi, eFransi, e-Itali, eGrisi naseBulgaria.

I-Russia yafuna ukufikelela kwiilwandle, eNgilani - ukuba iyancipha iTurkey neJamani, eFransi - ukuba ibuyele eLorraine naseAlsace, kwakhona iJamani yayinomgomo wokubamba iYurophu neMbindi-mpuma, e-Austria-Hungary - ukulawula ukuhamba kweenqanawa olwandle, kunye ne-Italy - ukulawulwa kolwandle Yurophu yaseYurophu kunye neMeditera.

Njengoko kuboniswe ngentla, kucatshangelwa ukuba ukuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala iwela ngoJuni 28, ngo-1914, xa iindlalifa eziza ngqo kwisihlalo sikaFranz zabulawa eSerbia. Unomdla kwi-denouement yemfazwe, iJamani yavuselela urhulumente waseHungary ukuba abonise i-static ultimatum eSerbia, okusolakala ukuba iyaphula umthetho. Olu qhinga lugxininiswe neentlungu ezinkulu eSt. Petersburg. Bekulapha uMongameli waseFransi weza ukunyusa iRashiya emfazweni. Ngaloo ndlela, iRashiya icebisa iSerbia ukuba iphumeze i-ultimatum, kodwa ngoJulayi 15, i-Austria yathi imfazwe yaseSerbia. Oku kwakuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala.

Ngelo xesha, ukuvakaliswa kwaziswa kwiseRashiya , kodwa iJamani yafuna ukuba le miqathango ikhutshwe. Kodwa urhulumente wama-tsarist wenqaba ukuzalisekisa le mfuno, ngoko ngoJulayi 21, iJamani yavakalisa imfazwe eRussia.

Kwiintsuku ezizayo, iindawo eziphambili zaseYurophu zingena kwimfazwe. Ngaloo ndlela, ngoJulayi 18, iFransi ingena kwimfazwe, iqabane eliseRashiya, kwaye iBrithani ibalisa imfazwe eJamani. I-Italy ibona kuyimfuneko ukuvakalisa ukungathathi hlangothi.

Singaxelela ukuba imfazwe ngokukhawuleza iba yi-pan-Yurophu, kwaye kamva ihlabathi jikelele.

Ukuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala kunokubonakalisa ukuhlaselwa kwemikhosi yaseJamani kwimpi yaseFransi. Ephendula, iRashiya iyazisa imikhosi emibini ibe yinto ekhuseleyo yokubamba iPrussia yaseMpuma. Olu qhinga lwaqala ngempumelelo, ngo-Agasti 7 umkhosi waseRashiya wawunqoba imfazwe eGumbinem. Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala umkhosi waseRashiya wehlela emgibeni waza wahlulwa ngamaJamani. Ngoko inxalenye engcono yombutho waseRashiya yabhujiswa. Bonke abanye baphoqeleka ukuba baphumelele phantsi koxinzelelo lwentshaba. Kufuneka kuthethwe ukuba ezi ziganeko zanceda amaFrentshi ukuba anqobe amaJamani ekulweni emlambo. Ku Marne.

Kufuneka ukuba uqaphele indima ye-Galician imfazwe ngexesha lemfazwe. Ngo-1914 eGilizaa kwakukho iimfazwe ezinkulu phakathi kwama-Austrian naseRashiya. Idabi yahamba imihla engamashumi amabini ananye. Ekuqaleni, impi yaseRashiya yayinzima kakhulu ukumelana noxinzelelo lwabatshaba, kodwa kungekudala imikhosi yahamba, kwaye amajoni aseAustria afuneka abuyele. Ngaloo ndlela, iMfazwe yaseGalicia yaphela ekunqothulweni ngokupheleleyo kwemikhosi yase-Austro-Hungarian, kwaye kwada kwaphela ekupheleni kwemfazwe, i-Austria yayingeke ibaleke.

Ngaloo ndlela, ukuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala kwenzeka ngo-1914. Kwadlula iminyaka emine, kwaba khona i-3/4 yabemi boMhlaba. Ngenxa yemfazwe, imibuso emine emikhulu yaphela: i-Austro-isiHungary, isiRashiya, isiJamani kunye ne-Ottoman. Abantu abayizigidi ezilishumi elinambini balahlekile, babecala abahlali, izigidi ezingamashumi amahlanu anesihlanu zalimala.