Ukukhulelwa ne-HIV: amathuba okuba nosana olunempilo

Ukukhulelwa - na mathuba emangalisayo, kuba amaphupha kunye namaphupha, oko ulonwabo lokwenene, ingakumbi ukuba elide ilindelwe. Umama okhulelweyo wenza izicwangciso indlela ukutshintsha ubomi bakhe ngokuzalwa kwiimvuthuluka. Ke ezintweni zonke oku, ngokungathi wadubula lwentaba, arhabaxa uxilongo - HIV. Imvakalelo lokuqala - uphaphazele. Ubomi luyawohloka, bonke asiphethule phantsi, kodwa kufuneka ukufumana amandla ume ucinge kakuhle. Ukukhulelwa ne-HIV - akukho isigwebo sokufa. Ukongeza, kufuneka kuqala uqinisekise ukuba enokuthenjwa uxilongo.

Ngcono emva ngaphezu kamva

Eneneni, ngokuba abafazi abaninzi akucacanga ukuba kutheni ngexesha lokukhulelwa kufuneka avavanywe ngenxa ezahlukahlukeneyo zizifo. Kakade ke, kufuneka ube nentsapho eyonwabileyo, kunye nabo nje oku kungenzeki. Enyanisweni, ukukhulelwa ne-HIV badla isandla ngesandla. Nje esi sifo singanyangekiyo kakhulu, kunokuba ezingabonakaliyo ngokupheleleyo iminyaka elishumi elinambini. Nokuba entanyeni unalo iperi zamanzi (iindawo nkovu), ukuba unako kuyaqapheleka. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuze nande kancinane ubushushu, kubonakala isibetho umqala, ukugabha kunye norhudo.

Ukuze ukuchonga sifo, kufuneka uvavanyo olulodwa elebhu. Le program ukhuseleko koomama kunye nomntwana qiniseka ukuba zibandakanye ngokucokisekileyo uviwo umzimba kamama elizayo. Yiloo nto ngokukhulelwa kunye ne-HIV - ezi izinto ezimbini amaninzi zifumaneka kunye. Mhlawumbi ukuba abazange isikhundla umdla, lo mfazi wayeza nanini afune unyango.

ekuxilongweni

Njengoko uzhu waxelelwa indlela qiniseka kuphela ukuxilonga - isifundo elebhu. Xa umfazi imi kwi-akhawunti yokukhulelwa, oko ukususela kwimini yokuqala eyayithunyelwe iimvavanyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akanakunyanzeliswa ukuba aqeshe, ngaphandle kwemvume yesigulane. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba inzala yakho, ngokuba ngokukhulelwa kunye ne-HIV, ivela emzimbeni ngexesha elifanayo, kusala kungekho mntu ubabeke esweni zonyango.

Eyona ndlela ithandwayo na uxilongo ELISA, esebenzisa leyo izilwa-serum umguli ukuba HIV andibhaqwa. PCR ukumisela iiseli ngokwabo le ntsholongwane egazini. Ngokuqhelekileyo olu viwo ikhutshwa phandle xa kukho urhano lwe-HIV, ukuhlola ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelele iindaba ezimbi, asifanele ukuya uphaphazele. HIV kunye nokukhulelwa bahlalisene ngoxolo ngokwaneleyo, kwaye baya wazala umntwana onempilo. Ngelo xesha ke kufuneka ungalibali ukuba kubalulekile ukusebenza ngokusondeleyo nogqirha wakho ukuze ihlolwe kwaye ulandele iingcebiso.

Ngaba kukho impazamo?

Kakade ungakwazi! Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba bangenele uviwo ngakumbi, ingakumbi xa sele uqinisekile kwiqabane lakho. Isibakala sokuba uxilongo lokuqala lwenziwa ngoncedo indlela sele okhethwe ELISA ukuba ulutyise ngazo zombini ezi japan lobuxoki-HIV kunye navumelanayo lobuxoki-. HIV kunye nokukhulelwa ngexesha elinye - oku washiyeka nayiphi sikanina, kodwa kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba iziphumo azikho uthembeke ngokupheleleyo.

False-HIV iziphumo kuba ukuba usulelo kwenzeka kutshanje. Oko kukuthi, abantu inkxaso, kodwa umzimba akukhange ixesha lokuphendula ukuphuhlisa nokhuselo, izilwa-buhlungu, apho oogqirha. Uhlalutyo okungamanga kwenzeka rhoqo, ingakumbi kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo. Izizathu kulala amalungu eli thuba esinzima. Kakade ke, nabani na akayi kulala, iindaba iza kufika nini, kodwa kufuneka kuqala Ungaveyisha ubunzima obungama- kunokwenzeka ukuba uphuhliso ololo ngumba aye kuye, yaye, ke, qhubeka isaveyi.

ngexesha lokukhulelwa

HIV kunye nokukhulelwa uyakwazi ukuqhubeka ngokwesiqhelo, hayi kakhulu echaphazela enye. Pregnancy akuthethi ukukhawulezisa inkqubela zokugula zintokazi kusekwangoko isifo. Ngokutsho manani, inani iingxaki ukukhulelwa kulo mzekelo, abafazi eyosulelekileyo ngenkankulu idlula ukuba abasetyhini ngaphandle HIV. Le Ngaphandle kuphela - isuntswana kaninzi une-pneumonia.

Uhlalutyo HIV ukukhulelwa kubalulekile ukuvavanya inqanaba lophuhliso izifo. Ngendlela, xa sithelekisa immunodeficiency lokusweleka syndrome ukuzala masiyeke (oko ukupheliswa ukukhulelwa emva kokuba uxilongo), umahluko neze.

Noko ke, njengokuba usazi, ikhondo ukukhulelwa ixhomekeke elide kangakanani eyadlulayo yaqulunqa sifo, yintoni kumi mzuzu kwesisu, kwakunye nemeko umzimba kakhulu kakhulu. I Kamva, iingxaki ezininzi zivela. Kusenokuba ukopha rhoqo kwaye inzima, igazi kunye ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, ifile, ubunzima ezingekazalwa eliphantsi Kukudandatheka endometritis. Ngenxa yoko, ihlamvu sifo, ngaphantsi okuba nokugqithisela ze azale umntwana esempilweni.

Lo mfanekiso clinical ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu mzuzu abo bafazi abaye bafunda malunga nesifo sele ngexesha yokumitha. Njani na i-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa, iimpawu kunye nonyango kwesi sifo oomama abakhulelweyo ntoni? Le yimibuzo iimpendulo nenokuthi kunceda abafazi abaninzi ukuvavanya ukuba kwenzeka ntoni na nabo baze bathathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, ukuchaza kubo ngaphezulu okanye nzima kangako. Isibakala sokuba immunodeficiency virus iphuhlise kwaye inkqubela buthathaka imisebenzi zokhuselo lomzimba. Eyomeleleyo amajoni omzimba layohlala phantsi Ukuhlasela wakhe, olunzima ngakumbi iimpawu.

Ngokuqhelekileyo 6-8 iiveki emva kokosuleleka, umntu uqalisa ukuziva imiqondiso yokuqala yokuba umama okhulelweyo ngokulula ukuthatha kunye nomfanekiso lokukhulelwa ekuso. Ngeli xesha, ukuze nande ukudinwa, ifiva, nokwehla yokusebenza, kunye norhudo.

Yintoni na ingxaki enkulu? Eli nqanaba buphele - iiveki ezimbini kuphela, kunye iimpawu kuthotha. Ngoku, esi sifo kuthatha ifomu afihlakeleyo. Le ntsholongwane ongena inyathelo ukuzingisa. Ixesha ingaba elide kakhulu, ezisukela amabini kunye nesiphelo iminyaka eli-10. Kwaye ukuba sithethe ngayo amabhinqa, oko ukuba anento ukuba ivuze inqanaba elide efukamileyo, kumadoda ke imfutshane kwaye ingadluli kwiminyaka 5.

zonke iindawo nkovu Ekwandeni kweli xesha. It is a uphawu endiye lufuna uviwo. Kodwa apha kukho ingxaki yesibini: mbile iindawo nkovu ngexesha lokukhulelwa eqhelekileyo kunye aqheleka kakhulu kubantu abasempilweni. Noko ke, le uphawu kufuneka kusoloko tufwile unina elizayo. Kubhetele ukuba waphinda ukukhuseleka ukuphulukana nexesha zexabiso.

imvuthuluka zophuhliso natal

Kulo mba, amagqirha unomdla kakhulu umyalelo omnye, oko kukuthi yintoni elide kukho usuleleko. Baninzi ulwazi yale zomzimba elinikiweyo kwezisu ezizenzekelayo kunye noomama bosulelekile. Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba intsholongwane angabangela usuleleko zesibeleko kwithuba leenyanga ezintathu yokuqala, kodwa amathuba oku phezulu kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, abantwana bazalwa kunye ukoyiswa enzima kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho musa xesha lide.

Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha zonke usulelo zenzeka kwithuba leenyanga ezintathu lesithathu, nexesha kanye phambi kwenkonzo yaye zizizo zokuhanjiswa.

Okunye okunika umdla kukuba kude kutshanje ukuphawulwa ngegazi antibodies HIV ukhulelwe inkomba kwemvumelwano ngoko nangoko lokukhulelwa. Oku kuhambisana basengozini ephezulu yosulelo Palsy. Nangona kunjalo, le meko iye yatshintsha namhlanje. Ngenxa umfazi wangoku inganyanzelekanga mayibhekiswe unyango nkqu ngoqhaqho imbalo, ukuba ufumana unyango kuyimfuneko.

Amathuba osulelo toddler

Njengoko sisazi, manani, virus immunodeficiency luyasuka ukusuka kumama ukuya emntwaneni. Le yenye iindlela ezintathu yokosulela. HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa HIV kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba usana kunye immunodeficiency naso kwi 17-50%. Noko ke, unyango antiviral kunciphisa amathuba okudluliselwa osana of ukuya kwi-2%. Noko ke, ukuqeshwa unyango kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. HIV, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, nabo babe eyahlukileyo. Imiba ezandisa amathuba yokosulela olungekazalwa ziquka:

• unyango kunyuswe, xa sifo lifikelele kwinqanaba emva kwexesha;
• usulelo ngexa lokukhulelwa;
• ukukhulelwa enzima kunye nokuzalwa nzima;
• ukwenzakala isikhumba ezingekazalwa ngexesha lokubeleka.

Gciwane ngexesha lokuzalwa komntwana

Enyanisweni, ukuba uvavanyo lwe-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa nguewe, ukuze unike kakuhle wazala umntwana onempilo. Ke yena uya kuzalwa kunye izilwa umama wabo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa kosana HIV-HIV. Kodwa oko kuthetha ukuba akukho omzimba zabo emzimbeni wakhe, kodwa umzali kuphela. Kuya kuthatha eminye iminyaka 1-2, bade unyamalale ngokupheleleyo kwiimvuthuluka emzimbeni, yaye ngoku uyakwazi uthi siqiniseke ukuba losuleleko umntwana sele yenzekile.

Umama okhulelweyo kufanele bazi ukuba i-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa nga idluliselwe usana nangoku Esibelekweni. Nangona kunjalo, le ephakamileyo amajoni omzimba sikanina enganxibanga, ngcono ngumkhaya iyingxenye ekhusela mbungu evela iintsholongwane neebhaktiriya ezikhoyo egazini koomama. Ukuba umkhaya bazitshisekisayo okanye yonakele, ngoko ke amathuba ukunyuka usulelo. Esi sesinye isizathu sokuba kufuneka bangenele uviwo ngokucokisekileyo ngugqirha wakho.

Kodwa ke amaxesha amaninzi usulelo lwenzeka ngexesha lokubeleka. Ngoko ke ukukhulelwa kunye nosulelo lwe-HIV kufuneka ikhatshwe unyango mandatory antiviral ukunciphisa eli amathuba ukuya ubuncinane. Inyaniso kukuba ngexesha nokuwela emjelweni wokuzalwa usana indenzele ithuba elihle ukuba angene ibidibene negazi, nto leyo kakhulu kwandisa amathuba osulelo. Ukuba khumbula unyaka wesikolo, oku yeyona ndlela imfutshane ukudluliselwa kwentsholongwane. Uqhaqho kucetyiswa xa igazi ibanjiwe kukho inani elikhulu iintsholongwane.

kokuba luzelwe

Njengokuba besesitshilo, uvavanyo lwe-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuyimfuneko, xa kuthe iziphumo ezidibanisayo engakwazi ukuthatha unyango olupheleleyo nokugcina impilo yazo. Ngexesha lokukhulelwa kukho ingcinezelo nokomzimba omzimba. Ngoko ke, ukuba olu fundonzulu luye yangaphambili zihlolwe kuphela ngexa lokukhulelwa, abanye baya ezingaphaya kwaye bafumanisa ukuba emva kokuzalwa kuka-HIV ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso. Kule minyaka mibini izayo, isifo singaqhubela neqonga emibi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, umnqweno kuphela ukuba umama akufuneki mibhalo. Uthethwano kunye nogqirha wakho kufuneka ezingeni lokuhlela. Kuphela ndlela kunokuba umncedisi wakho. HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa HIV angafaka ukujongela impilo ukuba elizayo kuya kukhokelela ekuthotyweni umgangatho wobomi.

Ibele neengozi yayo

Ukukhulelwa HIV-HIV kwenzeka kakuhle kakhulu xa umntwana okhula ngokwesiqhelo azalwe usempilweni ngokupheleleyo. Kakade ke, igazi lakhe liya kuba antibodies unina, kodwa abanako ayinalo nayiphi na impembelelo kwi nezifo zabantwana. Ngoku, ke, phambi kokuba unina ufumana ukhetho, nokuba ukondla usana lwakho ngobisi lwebele. Ugqirha kufuneka achaze ukuba ibele kwandisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka phantse isiqingatha. Ngoko ke, yilahle kude, ukuba kuya kuba esingcono. umxube qualitative uya kunika umntwana wakho ithuba elingcono kakhulu kwixesha elizayo.

ubungozi bakho

Kukho iqela lemiba ezingenako ukudlala egameni lakho. Lo ngumsebenzi wamaziko buthathaka nezifo koomama. High umthamo wentsholongwane egazini, okt inani iintsholongwane egazini kwabafazi - kukwayinto entle uphawu embi. Kulo mzekelo, ugqirha wakho kusenokubonisa ukuba ukuphelisa ukukhulelwa. Malunga ibele siye sathi - 2/3 kuzo zonke iimeko usulelo komntwana ngunina kwenzeka kwiiveki ezintandathu zokuqala ubomi. ukukhulelwa Multiple - naye into lomngcipheko.

Okokuqala zonke umama okhulelweyo kufuneka ukuba babhalise ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Qiniseka ukuba ukulandela zonke iingcebiso zikaGqirha wakho, emva koko uya kuba nethuba elingcono yokuba umntwana onempilo. Ukuqala kwiveki ye-14 yokukhulelwa kunokuba athathe ichiza antiviral "AZT" okanye ibakala elilingana neli. Ezo prophylaxis she ufumana simahla. Ukuba umfazi, ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela ukuba kude kwiveki yama-34 niwuhluthe, kufuneka uqale ukwenza kuyo ngomhla oya kulandela kamva. Noko ke, unyango ngokukhawuleza iqale, i ngaphantsi mhlawumbi umama nokudlulisela isifo imvuthuluka zabo.

unyango

Unyango HIV ukukhulelwa ifuna ngenyameko alwaba imeko unina kunye yobudala sokukhulelwa. Yiloo ushiye kutheni ukuya kugqirha onamava, yaye nayiphi na imeko musa ukuzama self-medicate. Ukuba utyelela oyingcali phambi lokukhulelwa, ngexesha yokucwangcisa, kungenzeka uya eyabelwe nothomalaliso udibaniso. Isigqibo zamkela ngokusekelwe kuhlalutyo ezimbini - umgangatho iiseli CD-4 kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane egazini. unyango lwangoku ifuna ukusetyenziswa ngaxeshanye antivirals ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu.

uvavanyo lwe-HIV (lokukhulelwa ibangela rhoxisa unyango zidityaniswe) is a uhlalutyo start apho lonke unyango olungaphezulu. Kuba unina amagqabi omnye kuphela ichiza antiviral ukuthintela usulelo ngeemvuthuluka.

Umfazi Ukuba ngaba uthatha unyango indibaniselwano phambi lokukhulelwa, ngoko xa kuthe kanti loo kucetyiswa ukuba ukuthatha ikhefu kwithuba leenyanga ezintathu yokuqala. Xa eli gazi lwe-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa sithathwa, ngokuqhelekileyo izihlandlo ezithathu, yaye kwimeko inani leesampuli angandiswa ngokwendlela Ngokwesigqibo lukagqirha. Ezinye unyango sinikwe nomqondiso. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko malformations yokuba usana olungekazalwa kwakunye ukuphepha imeko embi lovukelo, apho intsholongwane akusekho zifo.

umfazi Kufuneka kukhunjulwe

Ngaphandle kokuba impumelelo zezonyango namhlanje kwenza kube lula ukunciphisa ingozi yosulelo lwe umntwana nonina ukuya kwisi-2%, kusesemini apho. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba uhlolisise zonke iingenelo neengozi, kuba umfazi, nokuba yi-HIV, ufuna ukwenza uze uzale nosana esempilweni. Ubunzima siyifumana yokuba akuyi kwazi nokuba pipsqueak yakho ne-HIV azalwe elide ngokwaneleyo, kwaye kwangaphambili oko kwangaphambili akunakwenzeka. Ngoko une salinda ixesha elide kwaye usoloko udiniwe. Ifa 6 iinyanga emva kokuzalwa uya kuvelisa iziphumo ezidibanisayo, ngoko ube nomonde.

Nokulinga kuzala, umfazi kufuneka ukwazi oko elindele ukuba umntwana wakhe, xa ungena ezi lilishwa 2%. Sikhumbuza ukuba amathuba encinci ngolo hlobo immunodeficiency virus ukuzalwa komntwana kunokwenzeka kuphela xa umfazi lowo akakuthobelanga zonke izindululo oogqirha andinifihlelanga uviwo rhoqo kwaye hayi ukuba ichiza kanye phezu wesekethe.

I enzima ye-HIV kwenzeka kwezo iintsana abo gciwane Esibelekweni. Iimpawu kulo mzekelo ichazwa lubeka phi, yaye ngokufuthi, aba bantwana musa baphile ukuya kunyaka omnye. Ambalwa ukuphatha ukuhlangabezana bekwishumi elivisayo, kodwa ukuqikelela ubomi babo ukhula kuba ezingenzeka kuphela, kuba akukho iimeko ezinjalo azizange.

ukusasazeka kweNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO ngexesha lokubeleka okanye ngexa encancisa-ukondla lula kancinci kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba intsholongwane undixokisa sele kwakheka umzimba kunye nokuphuhlisa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Kunjalo, ubude ubomi bomntwana ilinganiselwe kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo oogqirha musani ukwenza uqikelelo iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20.

ukuvimbela

Ukusuleleka ngoGawulayo izibhedlele kunye namayeza ukususela ebuntwaneni. Kakade, yonke into kufuneka yenziwe ukuze kuthintele ukuphuhliswa kweziganeko. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuziphatha ngokukhawuleza kwesi sifo. Namhlanje lo msebenzi uqhutywa kwiindlela ezintathu. Okokuqala, oku kukuthintela i-HIV phakathi kwabasetyhini abaneminyaka yobudala. Isikhokelo sesibini kukuthintela ukukhulelwa okungafunekiyo kwabasetyhini abane-HIV. Ekugqibeleni, okugqibela kukuthintela ukusasazwa kwentsholongwane kumfazi kumntwana wakhe.

Uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lwe-HIV lokukhulelwa akusiphela isiphelo sehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, ibhinqa kufuneka iqaphele ukuba inalo ithuba lokusulela umntwana. Ulwaphulo lwangoku luye lwanyusa kakhulu ixesha lokuphila lomntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo. Abaninzi baphila iminyaka engama-20 okanye ngaphezulu emva kokusuleleka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kumntu omdala oku kuphila, ngokokuba umntwana-ithuba lokuhlangabeza ulutsha kwaye ahambe. Impumelelo yoogqirha ayinakuxhatshaza abafazi, ngoko okokuqala, ngamnye kufuneka acinge ngekamva lomntwana wakhe.

Endaweni yokugqiba

Le ngongoma onokuthetha ngayo ngokungapheliyo, kwaye kuya kubakho ukuthotywa okukhulu. Ukuxilongwa kwe-HIV, njengephupha elibi, libhubhisa zonke iiplani zekamva, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukufumanisa ukuxilongwa kwakho ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kule meko, umama ozayo ujongene nokukhetha okunzima kunye noxanduva olukhulu. Nika umntwana wakho okanye abele? Ngaba uya kuba nempilo okanye uya kufuna unyango olungapheliyo? Yonke le mibuzo ayinayo impendulo engabonakaliyo. Namhlanje senze uhambo olutshanje kuwe, uthetha ngeengxaki eziphambili ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokukhulelwa kwabasetyhini abanegciwane.

Enyanisweni, ukuphumelela kweyeza zanamhlanje kwenza ukuba ukwazi ukuva umama wobafazi abaninzi. Namhlanje, abantu abanokuthi banesifo se-HIV bakholelwa ukuba bangamalungu apheleleyo kuluntu, banelungelo lentsapho kunye nokuzalwa kwabantwana abaphilileyo.