Umthamo wentsholongwane HIV kunye hepatitis C: ukusebenza

Enye sezifo eyoyikekayo namhlanje immunodeficiency virus yabantu (HIV). Ngelishwa, nyaka ngamnye inani labantu sifo liyenyuka. Kuqala kwakukholelwa ukuba i-HIV isasazeka phakathi ngamakhoboka eziyobisi amafanasini. Okwangoku, esi sifo kwenzeka kubantu abasuka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Kuquka phakathi kubelekwa. Inqanaba lokugqibela le ngezifo ingqalelo bafumana immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ukuba zazise esi sifo esiqatha, kufuneka basoko belwakhele umkhanya izigulane kwaye ulungise unyango. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, azihlole ikhutshwa phandle, umthwalo wentsholongwane. It ikuvumela ukuba ukuvavanya inqanaba lesi sifo. Ukongeza, le vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze ukumisela isicwangciso olunye unyango.

Yini na ukuba nilinganisele umthamo wakho wentsholongwane egazini?

Njengoko yaziwa, iintsholongwane iqanjwa DNA okanye RNA iimolekyuli. asidi acid ziquka izinto yemfuza. komthamo wentsholongwane egazini - uvavanyo leyo yenzelwa ukuqinisekisa isixa-RNA ye-pathogen egazini. Olu phando engenziwa kumazwe ezahlukeneyo zophendlo lwezifo. Phakathi kwabo - HIV, ihepatitis B no-C, i-herpes, cytomegalovirus , njl Olu hlahlelo kuxhomekeke nje kuphela ubungakanani genetic material ligazi, kodwa inqanaba lesi sifo ... Oko kukuthi, umthwalo wentsholongwane ngumlinganiselo sandla sifo. Olubalo ikhutshwa phandle nokuvavanya iikopi RNA ngamnye 1 ml plasma yegazi. Ukuze ubone umthwalo wentsholongwane kunokwenzeka kuphela kwiilebhu ezizodwa. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ukwenza olu phando. Avamise kakhulu ithathwa ukuba indlela polymerase chain (PCR). Ngohlalutyo uyakwazi ukutyhila indlela nkqi inkqubo sifo iqhubeka. Ngayo, ekhethiweyo imithi idosi, kwaye imisela abane.

Ukumiselwa kwe ngobume omzimba ka-HIV

Umthamo wentsholongwane HIV kunceda ukuphanda imo omzimba isigulane. Kwizigulane, eli nani lincitshiswe. Ngokuchaza imeko omzimba ayakwazi kugwetywa ngobume zokuzikhusela zomzimba. Isalathisi uquka ezininzi iimpawu kunye nemigangatho yazo. Ukuze ubone ubume omzimba umntu, yabamba zigaba eziliqela ezilandelelanayo. Phakathi kwabo:

1. Ukuqokelelwa izikhalazo kunye anamnesis. Kungcono ninikane rhoqo ezimbi ezosulelayo (SARS, i-herpes, nokungunda), uxabane kogonyo, izinto zamachiza.
2. Ukubekwa umthamo wegazi omzimba. Ezi amhlophe egazi, lymphocyte, monocytes kunye granulocytes.
3. Ukwenziwa uvavanyo olulodwa elebhu. Phakathi kwabo - uvavanyo lomthamo wentsholongwane.

inyathelo elilandelayo owenziwa immunoassay. Oku kubandakanya nokumisela umxholo we-shirt kunye B-lymphocyte, immunoglobulins, receptors iseli omzimba. ebaluleke ngokukodwa HIV inikwa uyondelelwano lwee- CD4 egazini. iiseli zokhuselo Le receptor - iiseli T umncedi. Ukuba bayachatshazelwa human immunodeficiency. Emva kokuba onke amanyathelo zenziwa Uhlalutyo lweenkcukacha. Ngoko ke, ugqirha yenza kwisigqibo malunga nesimo omzimba.

Umthamo wentsholongwane egazini we-HIV: indicators. Nanjengokwesimo kwaye zokugula

usulelo lwe-HIV e ubume omzimba, kukho utshintsho esiphawuliweyo. umthamo wentsholongwane egazini sophononongo ukuqinisekisa ukuba okanye hayi umntu osuleleke. Ngokwesiqhelo izinto pathogen genetic (RNA) emzimbeni kufuneka kungabi. Oko kukuthi umntu okunempilo inani amasuntswana wentsholongwane egazini ngu zero. Kwezinye iimeko, eli nani inganyuswa kancinane. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu ngezifo kokuzalwa omzimba, isifo sezintso okanye ezidalwe namadlala kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, umthamo wentsholongwane egazini we-HIV yahlukile kwezi zalathisi, iye yaba ezinye izigulo apho. Kwimeko immunodeficiency syndrome, yena uya kuba ngaphezulu kakhulu. Indlela ukufumanisa ibakala sifo encediswa kwesi sifundo? Yintoni na umthamo wentsholongwane amanani HIV? Ummiselo ingaphantsi kwe-20 amawaka iikopi kwi-1 ml igazi. Ukuba ixabiso endibufumeneyo eliphezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha irejimeni yonyango. Isalathisi viral load ngaphezulu kwama-500 amawaka iikopi ze-HIV ngo-1 ml serum ibonisa izifo lamva (AIDS).

Ngenxa le ndlela vavanyo abagwebi igqirha kwi ukuphuhlisa indlela ngezifo. Kunye nokuqaliswa lovavanyo practice ukuba umthamo wentsholongwane egazini, izazinzulu ukuwuphumeza ukuba izifo ezifana ne-HIV, ngaba ukuma. Antiretroviral (ARV) unyango nga ukunciphisa phindana RNA ye gciwane. Studies ezifana nesimo omzimba kunye nomthamo wentsholongwane egazini ibaluleke hayi kuphela unyango kodwa ngenxa ALS kwesi sifo. Ukuba inani leekopi HIV ngowe-1 ml igazi lingaphezu 100,000, oko ungqina ukuphelisa-sigaba sifo. Ukuqaliswa kwale hlalutyo ukuba ukulawula-human immunodeficiency virus. Kuliwa hayi kuphela izigulane, kodwa abantwana abazelwe ngoomama ezinesifo, kwakunye nabantu impilo ithuba orhanelwa usulelo.

komthamo wentsholongwane egazini: norm kohlobo C.

Enye kohlobo pathology ingqalelo C. okuqhelekileyo yingozi Esi sifo ngokuba "umbulali olucothayo" kuba kuchaphazela umzimba iminyaka emininzi. Kangangexesha elide, hepatitis C akuthethi ukuzibonakalisa. Kaninzi abantu musa nokuba ukrokrela ukuba osulelekile yile ntsholongwane esibi. I-arhente causative ithe yaginywa indlela parenteral, ithetha ngegazi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kwenzeka ngexesha iinkqubo zonyango (wamazinyo, izifo, unyango ubuhle). Kwakhona ukungaqheleki kwenzeka kubantu bafake iziyobisi.

Umthamo wentsholongwane egazini sohlobo C liboniswa zonke izigulane. Njengoko kwimeko-HIV, oko kunceda ukufumanisa isixa genetic pathogen egazini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka kubekho iikopi zentsholongwane. Olu vavanyo abantu abagulayo utyhila indlela umntu kuyingozi kwabanye, kwakunye ukuvavanya iziphumo zonyango. Xa efumanise kwezifo lukwisigaba sokuqala ukuchacha kunokwenzeka. Ukuze uqinisekise impumelelo unyango, ukwenza uphando umthamo wentsholongwane egazini. Uphononongo efanayo olwenziwa ekuchongeni ezisegazini abanesifo.

Uhlalutyo Ukukhutshelwa umthamo wentsholongwane kwesibindi C.

Umthamo wentsholongwane egazini hepatitis C kulinganiswa e IU / ml. Umxholo sezantsi kwesikhundla pathogen kumzimba ubungqina ukwanela unyango kunye abane elungileyo. Kweli nani iya kuba uluhlu nemivo ukusuka ku-600 ukuya ku-3 x 10 ^{4 nge-1} ml serum. Ukuba sidlula eli xabiso, kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha irejimeni yonyango. Ngokwandisa ikopi RNA ku-8 x 10 ⁴ IU / japan ml kuqikelelwa-avareji viremia. Kwimeko apho inani ngasentla, oluboniswe lokufunyaniswa "hepatitis C isidanga kakhulu." Ngelo xesha kukho ngokoyiswa enyama yangaphakathi, esizibonakalisa ngokwezonyango. Eli nyathelo a esinganyangekiyo.

kangaphi ukuba uvavanyo lomthamo wentsholongwane?

Study kwi umthwalo wentsholongwane oluqhutywa phaya ekufumanekeni omzimba kohlobo C ntsholongwane okanye i-HIV. Ukongeza, uhlalutyo lwenziwa zonke izigulane abasendleleni emayezeni kunye data ezimbi. Imihla lomthwalo wentsholongwane egazini kuxhomekeke imeko yesigulane. Uhlalutyo lwenziwa 1 xesha kunyaka ngamnye xa nizinzisiwe. Ukuba isigulane ufumana amachiza antiviral, ukuvavanywa impumelelo unyango kufuneka kwenziwa qho emva kweenyanga ezi-3. Kwakhona, yokuhlaziya okwenziwe kwi imeko yomguli jikelele imandundu.

Le ubuchule uvavanyo lomthamo wentsholongwane

komthamo wentsholongwane egazini yenziwa ngeendlela ezi-3. Amaninzi eyenziwa PCR. It ikuvumela ukuba ukuchonga antibodies zentsholongwane. Kwakhona asebenza branched DNA chain. Olu vavanyo kangako. Luqhutywa njenge yokuhluza, ngokunjalo ukuqinisekisa uxilongo (kodwa hayi ngenxa ulungiso zonyango). Enye indlela echanileyo nefikelelekayo ukuchonga gciwane indlela RNA Ukuloba yokukhulisa.

Imposiso ngexesha umthwalo wentsholongwane

Ngaphandle kokuba zonke iindlela yokufumanisa umthamo wentsholongwane egazini olusebenzayo ngokwaneleyo, i umphumo engachanekanga kunokwenzeka. Le iimpazamo kuhlalutyo kuvandlakanywa kwi isampuli engalunganga igazi, ungcoliseko layo, kwakunye waphula imiqathango yokugcina. iziphumo bobuxoki ezimbi inokuba kwiinyanga zokuqala emva kokuba bosulelwe yintsholongwane. Ngoko ke, kwiimeko usulelo ekucingelwa lesifundo kufuneka kuphindwa emva kweenyanga ezintandathu.

I kuvavanywa phi na ukuba umthamo wentsholongwane?

isifundo komthamo wentsholongwane egazini lwaqhutywa kwiilebhu ezizodwa, banayo izixhobo eziyimfuneko. Izixhobo PCR baxhotyisiwe amaziko AIDS, kwakunye ezithile kumaziko abucala diagnostic.