Ngubani uLenin? Awazi - ihlazo!

"Ngubani uLenin?" - isizukulwana esincinane sibuza lo mbuzo ophazamisayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ukubuyiswa kokungabi nabulungisa kwezenhlalakahle kubonakala kuyinto evamile yobomi. Kodwa abo bahlala kwiimfundiso zikaLenin, bayazi ukuba oku akunjalo. Kukho nawuphi na, imisebenzi yakhe isabakho kwaye ikwasekho. Ukongezelela, imbali yelizwe lakho liyimfuneko nje. Kwaye ngubani na uLenin, naye. Iminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe ilizwe lihlala ngokwemfundiso yakhe-le nto inkulu kakhulu yobomi bombuso. Ngokunqoba okukhulu. Ngokukholwa ngomso. Masithembele ukuba uVladimir Lenin uphila.

Ubuntwana

UVladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (uLenin) wayengumntwana wesine kwintsapho yomlawuli wezikolo zesizwe saseSimbirsk, u-Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov. Intsapho yayinobuhlobo obukhethekileyo, kuba unina wanikela ngokupheleleyo kubantwana. Umdlali wepiyano onamandla kakhulu, ufunde kakuhle kakuhle-wayenento yokudlulisela kubantwana. Kwaye yena ngokwakhe ungumzekelo omhle phambi kwamehlo abo: akaze aphakamise izwi lakhe, unzima, kodwa ngelo xesha unomfazi-onentliziyo enomusa, onobuhle kodwa onokukwazi ukuqonda umntwana wakhe kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo angena kwiimeko ngokunyanisekileyo. Bonke abazalwana noodade abahlanu bakaLenin baba ngabaguqukeli. Umdala, uAlexandro, wabulawa ngenxa yokuzama ukubulala uTsar Alexander III. UVladimir Ilyich wayehlala efunda ngokugqibeleleyo. ISimbirsk High School iphumelele ididali yegolide kwaye yangena kwiYunivesithi yaseKazan. Ukuthatha inxaxheba ekusebenziseni ukuxhamla kwabafundi kwaxoshwa kwaze kwaxoshwa kwidolophana yaseKokushkino.

Iinguqulelo

Ngowe-1888, uVladimir Ilyich Lenin waba nguvukelo lobugcisa. Ukufunda "iNkunzi" kaMarx kunye neencwadi zika-Engels, uPlekhanov, noKautsky bamnceda kwiminyaka emine ukuqonda zonke iindawo eziphakamileyo kunye nobukhulu bezoqoqosho kwezopolitiko kunye nefilosofi. Wafunda ngokucophelela iimeko zokulawula eRussia kunye nesimo se-proletariat kunye nabahlali belizwe. Ngesinye xesha, uVladimir Ilyich wayelungiselela ukupasa iimviwo kwiYunivesithi yaseSt. Petersburg, kwaye wawaphikisa ngokukhawuleza, efumene idiploma yommeli oncedisayo. Kwinyani ukuba akazange asebenze ngokusemthethweni, kuba ezinye iinjongo kunye nemisebenzi yazimisela zonke iimfuno zakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni esemncinci, wamangalisa oogxa bakhe kunye nobunzima bolwazi kunye nokungathandabuzeki kweenkolelo zakhe.

Ngubani uLenin?

Kwaye nemisebenzi yakhe yokuqala yefilosofi yayingummangaliso. Ngomnyaka we-1894 umsebenzi onesihloko esithi "Ziziphi izihlobo zabantu ...", apho yonke indlela yodidi lokusebenza ngokuguqulwa kwintlalo kunye nenqubekela phambili ekuchaseni i-tsarism ne-capitalism kunye nentlalo-ntlalo, yayicacile ngokucacileyo. ULenin waqhubeka nomsebenzi kaMarx no-Engels, ngokuzimela ngokuphuhlisa nokuphuhlisa ukufundisa kwabo. Ngowe-1897, wathunyelwa ekuthunjweni eShushenskoye (iKrasnoyarsk Territory). Lapha wasebenza nzima kwiincwadi zakhe (kubandakanywa "Ukuphuhliswa kobuNkokheli baseRashiya"). Ubomi bakhe, naye, kwakukho utshintsho: watshata noNadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya, obomi bakhe bonke wayengumncedisi wakhe wokuqala kunye onokuthenjelwa kuyo yonke imicimbi yenguqu. Ngexesha elifanayo kwiShushenskoye uLenin beza neendlela zokuhlanganisa zonke iinjongo eziqhubekayo zelizwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba kamva waba ngu-Iskra iphephandaba.

Inkokheli yeqela

Ngomnyaka we-1903, uLenin waba negalelo ekuhlanganisweni kokuqala kwendibano yesibini ye-Social-Democratic Labor Party. Ngeli xesha i-Social Democrats yayingenayo umbuzo malunga nokuba ngubani uLenin. Imisebenzi yakhe ayizange ifundwe yonke indawo, kodwa yafumana abaxhasi babo kunye nabachasi. Kulapho, eLondon, iqela elifunyenwe nguShushensky, lahlula kwiBolsheviks kunye neMensheviks, laboniswa. Ngoko iBolshevism yabekwa njengendlela yokuzimela yezopolitiko. Yonke iminyaka eyalandela, uLenin wasebenza kanzima, ehlala ngokusemthethweni ekhaya, emva koko. Ininzi yexesha wazinikela ekufundeni ukulungiswa kwemisebenzi, yavelisa iphephandaba iNovoye Vremya, kwaye yaqhuba umsebenzi wokukhanyisa umsebenzi. Iinguquko zokuqala zesiRashiya zacinywa ngokugqithiseleyo. UVladimir Ilyich wabonisa zonke iinjongo kunye nezizathu zokuzihlula. Iminyaka elandelayo, ngakumbi ukusuka ngo-1908 ukuya ku-1911, yayinzima kakhulu.

Umvelisi wezenzululwazi

Ngomnyaka we-1911, iSikole seSikethi sabasebenzi saqalisa umsebenzi wawo, apho uLenin efundise khona kwiinkalo kunye nokusebenza komgaqo wePhathi. Emva kwenkomfa, iphephandaba iPravda lavela eSt. Petersburg. Ngelo xesha amaqela amaninzi aseRussia afunda malunga nokuba ngubani uLenin, oko wayekubiza kunye nendlela ayeza kuqhuba ngayo iklasi yokusebenza ekuphumeleleni kwi-revolution. ULenin wayala ukushicilelwa kwamanye amazwe, wabhala izixhobo kuyo yonke imihla, eyasinceda ekutsaleni ininzi yabasebenzi abakhathazekile kwiklasi. Imfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala yayibuliswa ngabantu ngokungekho nentshiseko. Kwaye uLenin wanxusa i-belligerents ukuba iguqule izixhobo zazo ekuchaseni i-tsarism enegazi kunye ne-capitalism. Ngomnyaka we-1915 wayelungelelanisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukunqoba kwentlalo yoluntu kwilizwe elinye. Ukuguqulwa kwe-bourgeois ka-Februwari ka-1917 kwabangela ukuba uLenin avele phesheya waya ePetrograd. Walungisa iPravda, echaza izibhengezo zeBolshevik kwaye ifuna ukuguqulwa kwamanqanaba amaninzi kunomhla kaFebhuwari. Ukongeza, waqhuba iiklasi, wanikela iintetho kwiinqampu zamajoni, kwiivenkile zokusebenzela. Inani labalandeli be-revolution lakhula ngokukhawuleza. Umyalelo wanikezelwa ukubopha uLenin. Umsebenzi uqhubeka phantsi komhlaba.

Umbutho we-revolution

Oktobha 25, 1917 yafezwa! Igalelo likaLenin kwi-revolution likhulu kakhulu. Imfundiso yakhe yenkampani njengenkokheli yeprotariat ekwenzeni umzabalazo wayo yayinamandla angenakunqunyelwayo kwi-bourgeoisie kunye nayo yonke imbonakalo yayo. Ukongezelela, uLenin waba ngumsunguli kunye nenkokeli yefilosofi entsha ye-Marxist persuasion. Umthamo wemibhalo yakhe ibaluleke kakhulu: iincwadi ezingamashumi amahlanu anesihlanu zeetekisi. Kwaye ixabiso elichazwe kuzo alilinganiswanga.