Yintoni ebaluleke ngayo urhulumente waseSoviet ukuba aqede ukungafundi ukufunda nokubhala. Abantu kunye nenkqubo yemfundo

Ukufunda nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokufunda nokubhala Ukubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokufunda nokubhala Ukufunda nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokufunda nokubhala Ukubhala nokubhala nokubhala nokubhala Ukubhala nokubhala Yingakho abaninzi banomdla kwizinto ezibalulekileyo uhulumeni waseSoviet onokuqhelaniswa nokupheliswa kokungafundi. Ewe, lukhulu kakhulu! Ngokwezibalo zonyaka ka-1919, ininzi yabemi beemimandla engaphaya kwemikhosi yayingaqhelani nokubhala.

Ummiselo "Ekupheliseni ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala kwi-RSFSR"

Abasimili nabasebenzi bavela kwimisebenzi yokuqala kwindawo yokuhlalisana yoluntu kwintlalo yeCPSU (B.). Kwakuphakathi kwezi ntlobo zoluntu ukuba uninzi lwabantu abangabhalwanga.

Ukuqonda ukubaluleka okuqhotyoshelwe nguRhulumente waseSoviet ekupheliseni ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala, umntu unokukwazi, ngokufunda imimiselo ephambili yommiselo ka-1919. Ukufunyanwa okunyanzelekileyo kwinqanaba lemfundo labantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-8 ukuya kwe-50 lusekwe. Ukupheliswa kokungafundi ukufunda kwi-USSR kwawa kumahlombe amabhunga asekuhlaleni.

Kule minyaka kwimeko yethu, izikolo zaseprayimari zadalwa kakhulu. Kwakungumzabalazo wokulwa nokungafundi nokubaluleka kokubaluleka kwenani labantu eliyintloko yabo. Ixesha lokufundisa esikolweni libekwe ngabanye kwibhunga. Kutheni? Kwaye kukho imfazwe yabemi, kwaye ezininzi iimveliso zafuneka zibuyiselwe kwintshatyalalo ebangelwa yimikhosi yempi yeMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala kunye nemfazwe yombutho.

Ukususela ngo-1919 ukusekwa kwenkqubo yemfundo ye-USSR yaqala . Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa, kwakukho amaziko emfundo ambalwa kakhulu kwiidolophana kubemi. Indawo yodwa apho abantwana bafumana khona ulwazi lwezinto ezisisiseko zokufunda nokubhala zazizikolo eziphambili. Ngokufika kwamandla aseSoviet, inkqubo yenkqubo yezemfundo ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ekugqibeleni yanika ithuba lokufumana, ubuncinane, imfundo eprayimari kubo bonke abemi abancinane base-USSR.

Ngubani ongenakuqeqeshwa kumaziko okufunda nokubhala?

Ngaba wonke umntu ufuna ukufumana ulwazi? Ewe, hayi. Kukho ulwazi olunomdla kwi-Orel esifundeni. Ngowe-1923 kwafunyanwa malunga nabantwana abangafundile abangama-430 abangaphezu kweminyaka eyi-8 ubudala. Ngokomyalelo, bonke babefanele baye kwiiklasi kumaziko emfundo. Ndakwazi ukufikelela abantu abangama-134 kuphela.

Singazibona ngokubaluleka ukubambisana noRhulumente waseSoviet ekupheliseni ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala, kodwa ngelo xesha ezinye iindidi zabemi azizange zenze iiklasi kwi-literacy. Iindidi eziphambili ezikhethiweyo zi:

• Ukuba umphathi okanye inkosikazi kwintsapho enye (enye) - kuba umntu akanalo ixesha elaneleyo lokufama nokufunda;
• Abantu abanesiqinisekiso sokugula (ngokwemihla yamhlanje - "ikhefu lokugula");
• Abantu abangenabuthathaka (kakhulu, abantu abakhubazekileyo abangaboniyo, abava okanye abanako ukuhamba);
• Abantu abasebenza kwimisebenzi yoluntu;
• Abafazi abakhulelweyo abanexesha lokunyuka kweenyanga ezintandathu, abafazi abanjalo babenyanzelekile ukuba bavele kwiziko lemfundo emva kwenyanga emva kokuzalwa komntwana (ixesha lidlulelwe kunyaka omnye ukuba loo nto ibhinqa isondlo).

Iziphumo zomzabalazo wokulwa nokungafundi

Ukwazi ukubaluleka okuqhotyoshelwe nguRhulumente waseSoviet ekupheliseni ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala, akunakutsholwa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuqeqesha bonke abantu ngaphandle kwezigaba ezikhethiweyo. Ngokusekelwe kwidatha yobalo besizwe lonke ngo-1937, i-25% yabemi isalokhu ingafundi. Ininzi yabo, eqinisweni, iindawo zasemaphandleni.

Emva kokuba sifunde idatha engafanelekanga, siya kuqonda ukuba imeko yangempela yayibi kakhulu. Uninzi lwabo babecatshangelwa ukufunda nokubhala babenokukwazi ukusayina kuphela, babhale amagama abo kunye negama, kunye negama lokuhlala kwabo. Ukuphumelela kwangempela kumzabalazo onokungafundi nokufunda nokubhala kwakucacisiwe kuphela xa uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwesi sixeko kunye nedolophana yomelela kunokwenzeka.