Izihlunu: Iintlobo kwezihlunu, umsebenzi, injongo

Kancinane ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha ubunzima bomzimba iwela izihlunu. Iindidi zezihlunu bahlukane ngokuxhomekeke injongo, nemisebenzi, ngaphantsi ukuya luvo, isakhiwo imicu. Ngaphandle kwabo ke akunakwenzeka ukuba kwimeko-bume, ulondolozo iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ubomi kunye nokusingqongileyo rhoqo lwangaphakathi.

izixhobo weentshukumo

Skeleton kunye nezihlunu babumba isakhelo yabantu. Amathambo bakhonza nezakhiwo umthwalo-langa. imisipha skeletal kunye zomzimba nokuqina nca kuzo. Bona, ngokungafaniyo amathambo, abazimisele kwaye zikhubazekile.

Owona msebenzi wabo - ucutheko nokuphumla - yenza kube lula ukuhambisa umntu esithubeni. izihlunu skeletal zinoxanduva kule nkqubo, ukusebenza kumgaqo wokukhuthaza. Inxalenye angenzi esihlunwini (imicu) iqhotyoshelwe ithambo kwi kwindawo elilelona ukulungiselela ukwenziwa komsebenzi. Enye inxalenye oludityaniswe iisayithi namathambo nesithandwa sakhe.

Endaweni welungu Ithambo elifeza uxhumo zabo ezithwalwayo. Ngenxa ukuncitshiswa amandla izihlunu ezosulela nge imicu kuzakubangela i amathambo ukuba ahambe.

inkqubo kwemisipha

Umzimba lwabantu abamnkela. Muscle (iintlobo kwezihlunu ziboniswa kwifoto ngasentla) agcinwa ibekwe ukwakheka, ukuba yahlulwe yangamacandelo. Kuba umsebenzi olulungelelanisiweyo ifuna ulawulo. Xa intshukumo imilenze lunciphiso zezihlunu ezithile kuphela. Ngelo xesha linye ochasene layo iyaphela. Kwinkqubo reverse ukutshintsha imisebenzi: oko buyasikhulula flexor kunye extensor ubuyisela ilungu lomzimba endaweni yaso yesiqhelo.

Ukuzinza lokuhamba izihlunu skeletal ilawulwa yi ebuchotsheni. Le nkqubo kangangoko elithile omzimba ezingqondweni zabantu. Ke kaloku ngoxa iqela phezu iintshukumo ezingundoqo ayinikwanga lokoqobo, bathi cwaka khona ngeenjongo, kodwa iingqondo zabo ngesiquphe similise imiqondiso stroke kwizihlunu.

Kukho nenye inkqubo izihlunu, yona ngokuthanda komntu akuxhomekekanga bawuthobele ngokupheleleyo (vukele). Ngokomthetho ke izihlunu nezibilini. umsipha wentliziyo umi ngokubanzi iqela eyahlukileyo. Kuhlukumeza umntu akukho lokulawula yaye akaboni phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Imisebenzi izihlunu esiswini, isinyi, kwesisu, iindonga nemithambo zahlukile. Kodwa njongo yabo iphambili - kukugcina umzimba ethile ikwimo entle kwaye ukuvumela ukuba wenze imisebenzi eyimfuneko.

Izihlunu: Iintlobo kwezihlunu

Bona zihlelwa ngokungqinelana izinto ezininzi. Icandelo basic lu dityanisiwe ngenjongo efanayo. Cell ukuba izihlunu skeletal kunye nezibilini. Ezinemvume aliliso izihlunu jikelele ezinqamlezayo ukuya kwicala ifayibha, kunye vukele (ngaphakathi) - egudileyo.

Kuxhomekeka indawo izihlunu ekwabelwana ngayo intloko, imilenze, esifubeni. Ukusuka besenza uhlobo lomsebenzi, phakathi kwabo ukuqinisekisa ukugoba kunye extensors. Ngokwemisebenzi phakathi imisipha synergists ezihloniphekileyo, oko kukuthi, ukwenza imisebenzi efanayo, kwaye abamelene senze inkcaso. Xa uhlobo bangaba: elifutshane shinyi, elide elibhityileyo. Latissimus aba izihlunu caba emhlane. Abanoxanduva bawurhuqa ngaxhatha umntla neengalo zokuphambukisa umva ukuya ezimanyeneyo lomqolo.

Ukuba imisipha ngoxa kuncitshiswa lomzimba kufutshane emzimbeni, ngoko ke ichazwe phambili. Kwimeko esahlukileyo sithetha ngendima iplagi. Ukuba wenza njengokujikeleza zomzimba (intloko, ngesa-, ingalo engentla), ke ezithathwa nje rotary.

Kukho ukwahlukana kuxhomekeka kwinani iinyanda Imisonto: i izo- (izo-), esineendidi (nengalo extensor), hip quadriceps. Kukho amacandelo emine esihlunwini (iintlobo kwezihlunu: ngqo, osecaleni, medial, esiphakathi). I inkulu - uvalo, izihlunu ngeempundu, imilenze kunye umva. Kwanala kukuba endlebeni. The kakhulu - emlenzeni (ithole) kunye ihlafuna phezu kwentloko yakhe.

isakhiwo

Muscle inyama emzimbeni womntu yenziwa iiseli. Ukuba sibe side kwaye bayakwazi ukunciphisa ngenxa yobukho organelles ezizodwa (myofilaments).

Kukho iindidi ezimbini ifayibha: omhlophe nobomvu. Ulwahlulo yale isalamane. Kodwa umahluko unako kuqondwe umzekelo inyama yenkuku (webele ligqudu). Owokuqala emhlophe. Nisenza iinkuku ayisebenzi akuya lesiquluba. Wings yena amaza ezinqabileyo, kodwa iyakwazi yokwanda kumsebenzi, enika ithuba lokuba athathe emoyeni.

Kwelinye icala, apha emilenzeni udlula bonke ubomi. amalaphu yabo ukusebenza ixesha elide, kodwa akakwazi yokwanda enjalo kumsebenzi. Ithole kwemisipha in yenkukhu eligcwele uqweqwe umnatha ngcanjana (kulo kunye nombala) kuba kufuneka ngamandla ngakumbi (eqhubekayo kunye eyaneleyo) ukwenzela ukugcinwa ithoni.

On umgaqo ofanayo amalungiselelo izihlunu ebantwini. Kukho ubungqina bokuba lo mntu avareji ilaphu emhlophe kunye ebomvu na ratio 4/6. Iimbaleki weembaleki kukho eyahlukileyo umfanekiso. Bathi izihlunu emhlophe ekhawulezayo babe inzuzo. Oku inxenye kuphunyezwa uqeqesho, kodwa wonke umntu uyakwazi aguqulwe njalo.

iinyanda ifayibha

imisipha skeletal fast amanxeba. Kwiiseli ze esikule ndawo enkulu, side kunye polynuclear (ukuya ku-100 okanye ngaphezulu). Ukuba siqwalasela cross-icandelo ngemicroscope, kubonakala ngathi imivumbo nokuxuba striated yokukhanya kunye imibala emnyama (striated). Smooth ijwabu kwemisipha ubunjwe iiseli mononuclear. Ba eyohlobo ngakumbi kwaye hayi nje evuthelweyo.

imisipha skeletal eqokelelwa ukususela imiqadi yokuqala (thinnest), indawo yesibini (ngaphezulu) kunye ezifana. G. Malunga. Ngendlela ukubeka ngokunxulumene ezimanyeneyo umnqonqo yahlukanisiwe izihlunu ngqo (rectus cofa), phambili (isisu, ngaphakathi langaphandle) kunye ezinqamlezayo (wayalela aa Incopho esqwini nkqo - osecaleni esifubeni kwezihlunu).

Kuxhomekeka ilungiselelo malunga imisipha zabo yahlulwe ngaxeshanye (awned) kunye setyhula (ezomlomo, sphincter efakwa kwinxenye yelungu lobufazi).

Salo izihlunu intliziyo okhethekileyo. Siqulathe iiseli ezimbini-core (cardiomyocytes). Bona uyahambelana, kangangokuba fuse omnye nomnye ngokudibanisa kukho icytoplasm. imisipha ingakumbi wentliziyo - ukukwazi ukusebenza ngesingqi ngokuqhubekayo.

umsebenzi

Nokuba imeko okubonakala ezolileyo izihlunu kusekho bakulungele ukuthotywa ngokukhawuleza. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba ilizwi. Ukufuna-luvo kuza rhoqo kuzo zonke amalungu obuchopho. Xa isimo sikhululekile inani unciphisa, kodwa ezaneleyo ukuze kwabelwane ngolwazi. Ngaphandle ulawulo enjalo kunokwenzeka ukuba ukugcina umzimba position elungeleleneyo kwaye uzinzile.

Umthombo wamandla yokusebenza imisipha yi triphosphate adenosine (ATP). Oku abunjwe ngenxa kuthotho oluntsonkothileyo glycogen ukuqhekeka. iiseli Power singahlala egazini. Ukusuka oku kulandela ukuba zonke izihlunu engundoqo kufuneka exineneyo aluka emithanjeni, yegazi ngemithambo.

Ayekwe ke akanako, kufuneka ukuba ukuphumla. Ukuba oku ziyatyeshelwa, lincitshiswe kwentsebenzo kuboniswa ukubetha ukungaqheleki Uhanjiso nempendulo ukuya nemithambo inkanuko. Imithwalo olunamandla ezingasetyenziswanga iimveliso pathways, nto leyo ethintela pulses unikezelo efanayo.

kwasendaweni

Umzimba womntu yakhiwe kumgaqo-macala amabini, ngoko zonke izihlunu ezinkulu bafundelane ngezibini okanye lenziwe iziqingatha ezibini. Sise intloko ababandakanyekayo cuts ebusweni, eyenza kube lula ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo (uvuyo, usizi, uloyiko, ulonwabo). Omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo - mouthparts umsebenzi (ukuhlafuna ligwinya). Kwakhona bangenisa iliso umsebenzi (intshukumo lweliso lakho, ukuqhwanyazaemva Neenkophe).

Kwi izihlunu entanyeni abavusayo kwaye zehlisa intloko yakhe, ukuyisa khona kwaye ixhasa ikholam axis spinal. SARS esiwaphawula ngayo ngaphambili kunye umva. Bahlulwe icandelo eliphezulu (umsebenzi kwegxalaba ibhanti); isifuba (ukuphefumla); esiswini (tone isisu). Inxalenye inkulu lats isiciko sangasemva. Ukongeza inxaxheba nengalo kulwandiso kunye yintshukumo ejikelezayo iingalo, bakha umva, ezantsi iimbambo, isakhelo umzimba, eziquka nezintso nomhlehlo wesibindi. Active ngexesha enyusa, ukusebenza kunye ukuphefumla nzulu, ukuphakamisa iimbambo asezantsi.

Ngaphambili, phezulu, zikhokelela izihlunu pectoral enkulu kwendawo. Le ndawo esiswini efihlakeleyo kakhulu kwaye izihlunu ezinqamlezayo ezibhityileyo. Ukuba umelana womxhuzulane kwaye ugcina rhoqo yokusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi kwisisu. Kunye ne cofa kuqinisekisa isisu moya.

Kwi indawo apho kudibana lo buti nolusezantsi imilenze libambe indawo ebalulekileyo gluteus maximus (elikhulu, medium, elincinane). Ethangeni ziyakwazi ukuchongeka semimembranosus, izo-, elifutshane, elide kunye uhola ezinkulu. Shin - gastrocnemius, soleus. Kwaye phezu unyawo - ukugoba kunye extensors weminwe.

Indima ye umzimba

Ngaphandle umsebenzi eyiyo izihlunu abangabantu yome. Ku waphawula ukuba iiseli ubuncinane umthwalo zihlaziyiwe elowo ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini. Kwezemidlalo kwenzeka rhoqo. Ukukhula esiqwini izihlunu kunye nobunzima kakhulu xa loadings kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba inxalenye yale imicu izihlunu yaphulwe. Umzimba lidla kakulu, iiseli ezintsha kukhula, ngenxa ukuhlaziywa. Oku kukhatshwa ukwanda umthamo kunye nobunzima babo.

Ukongeza ukuphunyezwa umsebenzi kwentliziyo, ukugcina ukumila umzimba, ukubonelela indawo nkqo kunye nentshukumo izihlunu kwenza kube lula kunye namanye, kubaluleke ngokulinganayo intetho iinkqubo (kwingqula kunye neelwimi), ukuphefumla (uvalo), ukwetyisa (kuvuleke iminxunya, ithowuni ye esiswini, amathumbu). Ikwabonelela kukhuthaza iimveliso pathways (esinyini, lo sphincter ka isikali).

Ukuba kwemisipha ngokuzenzekelayo lo mntu akanako ukulawula engenasizathu (core izihlunu) Unga ukuqeqesha. Kaloku, indlela yokuphila esempilweni kunye nokugcina umzimba kwimilo elungileyo emzimbeni, njengoko yaziwa, kungundoqo kwimpilo entle noxolo lwengqondo.

Ngoku wena uyayazi indima edlalwa izihlunu umzimba. Iindidi zezihlunu ziyahluka kubume kunye nemisebenzi.