Imicu kwezihlunu. Types of imicu izihlunu

Imicu kwemisipha Thin ezenza nganye umsipha skeletal. ubukhulu sabo malunga 0,05-0,11 kuphela mm ubude-15 cm. izihlunu ezihlunwini ifayibha izihlunu striated ziyaqokelelwa ube zizithungu, ezibandakanya Imicu 10-50. Ezi iinyanda sikanye kwizicwili (ifascia).

Umsipha ngokwayo nayo singqongwe ifascia. Malunga nama-85-90% of ivolyum liqine kwezihlunu. Inxalenye eseleyo - imizwa kunye nemithambo yegazi kudlula phakathi kwabo. Xa iziphelo kwimicu izihlunu ukuba striated izihlunu kwezihlunu ebegqwese similise imicu. ZifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe ziqhotyoshelwe amathambo.

Mitochondria kunye myofibrils kwi esihlunwini

Cinga isakhiwo ifayibha kwezihlunu. Xa kukho icytoplasm (sarcoplasm) iqulathe inani elikhulu mitochondria. Badlala indima igunya apho ukutshintshiselana izinto yaye inokuqokelelana izinto-amandla sisityebi, kwakunye abo ezifunekayo ukubonelela iimfuno zamandla. Kukho amawaka eliqela mitochondria kuyo nayiphi na inxalenye yeseli kwezihlunu. Asezikhundleni malunga 30-35% ubunzima bayo iyonke.

Ubume ifayibha izihlunu into yokuba abaphathi-mitochondria yakhiwe ecaleni myofibrils. Le zixhobo ezingcakacileyo ezinika ucutheko ukunyenyiswa izihlunu zethu. Ngokuqhelekileyo iseli enye iintlobo myofibrils, apho ubude ngalinye ungaba kuze ngokweesentimitha eziliqela. Ukuba ubunzima zonke myofibers isongiwe besive kwiiseli kwezihlunu, ipesenti ubunzima bayo zizonke ziya kuba malunga nama-50%. Ububanzi ifayibha oko kuxhomekeke ikakhulu kwinani myofibrils ibekwe khona, kwakunye zabo cross-isakhiwo. Ngenxa yoko, le myofibrils iqanjwa sarcomeres ezininzi ezincinane.

Imicu zeethishu kwemisipha Striated luphawulwa bobabini abasetyhini kunye namadoda. Noko ke, isakhiwo yabo yahluke kancinane ngokuxhomekeke ngokwesini. Ngokutsho iziphumo zihlunu iziphumo biopsy kwenziwa ukuba imicu izihlunu myofibrils ipesenti yamabhinqa lingaphantsi ngaphezu koko babantu. Oku kusebenza kude yabadlali-kwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Kwenzeka ukuba, ubunzima dystrophy kakhulu isasazwa bengaphuhlanga ngokulinganayo umzimba kwabasetyhini kunye namadoda. Inxalenye olungathethekiyo abafazi na inxalenye esezantsi lomzimba. Phaya phezulu umthamo izihlunu lincinane, kwaye mincinci kwaye kaninzi wenza abangaqeqeshelwanga.

ifayibha ebomvu

Ngokuxhomekeka ukudinwa, histochemical amabala kunye contractile iimpawu kwimicu izihlunu bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini: bomvu namhlophe. Abomvu imicu kade ukuba omncinci. Ukuze ufumane amandla basebenzisa igcwala ye asidi okunamafutha kunye carbohydrate (nkqubo kuthiwa imveliso yezamandla aerobic). Ezi Imicu nezaziwa kade okanye kade-ukudideka. Ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa uhlobo imicu 1.

Kutheni imicu ezibomvu ebizwa ngokuba

Olubomvu, zibizwa ngokuba yokuba kombala obomvu histochemical. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezi Imicu ziqulathe myoglobin ezininzi. Myoglobin - esikhethekileyo sombala protein ukuba umbala obomvu. umsebenzi wayo kukuba liqhuba ioksijini nzulu Imicu kwezihlunu le emithanjeni igazi.

Iimpawu imicu ebomvu

Imicu kwemisipha Slow abe ezininzi mitochondria. Kule nkqubo, namachibi iyenziwa, nto leyo eyimfuneko ukuze amandla. imicu Red singqongwe kuthungelwano enkulu emithanjeni. Kufuneka ukunikezela isixa esikhulu ioksijini ngegazi.

imicu ezicothayo imisipha ukuba liziqhelanise kakuhle ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo imveliso yezamandla aerobic. amandla kakhulu aphantsi kwamathumbu zabo. Izinga apho ziphele amandla kwanele ukwenza ukutya aerobic kuphela. imicu Red kahle for ukusebenza non-olunzulu kunye ngokuqhubekayo, ezifana ehamba kunye njengomtyibilizi, stayerskogo umgama ukudada, umzimba kunye nabanye.

Ukunciphisa ifayibha izihlunu liqinisekisa iintshukumo ukuba musa kufuna umgudu omkhulu. Ngenxa kwakhe, kananjalo kuxhaswa yi-pose. Ezi umsipha striated izihlunu uphawu ifayibha, ezifakwe kwi umsebenzi imithwalo ezisukela-20 ukuya kwi-25% ye-mandla aphezulu kangangoko. Bona luphawulwa amandla kakhulu. Noko ke, imicu ebomvu azisebenzi ekuphumezeni ikwazi, phakamisa iintsimbi ezinzima, njl, Njengoko ezi ntlobo imithwalo zifuna amanzi ngokukhawuleza kakhulu namandla odala. Ukulungiselela le njongo zezi imicu amhlophe, leyo ngoku ukuxoxa.

imicu amhlophe

Zibizwa ngokuba nako, bystrosokraschayuschihsya uhlobo imicu-2. ububanzi yabo enkulu xa kuthelekiswa ebomvu. Kuba amandla basebenzisa becala glycolysis (okt inkqubo yemveliso wamandla anaerobic). Imicu uzila imali elingaphantsi myoglobin. Yiyo loo nto amhlophe.

Ukuqhekeka ATP

imicu Fast Umsebenzi ATPase enkulu enzyme. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuqhekeka ATP fast, oku kusinika amandla amaninzi, nto leyo eyimfuneko kumsebenzi olunzulu. Ekubeni imicu ezimhlophe luphawulwa izinga eliphezulu kwenkcitho amandla, kwaye ke ifuna isantya ngokubuyiselwa eliphezulu iimolekyuli ATP. Kwaye ingaba zinika inkqubo glycolysis ngenxa yokuba, ngokungafaniyo igcwala, oko kwenzeka kwi imicu sarcoplasm kwezihlunu. Ngoko ke, mitochondria unikezelo ioksijini asifuneki, njengoko kunikezelo lwamandla ukusuka yokugqibela ukuya myofibrils.

Kutheni imicu ezimhlophe ivili ngokukhawuleza

glycolysis ngenxa kwenzeka zincancise (lactic acid) ongazicebanga ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yoku, imicu ezimhlophe ndidiniwe ngokukhawuleza, ime ekugqibeleni ukusebenza izihlunu zakho. Imicu ebomvu phantsi ukubunjwa aerobic lakhiwa lactic acid. Kungenxa yoko le nto uyakwazi ukugcina amandla ombane aphakathi ixesha elide.

Iimpawu imicu amhlophe

imicu neyabaMhlophe enobubanzi isalamane enkulu ebomvu. Ukongeza, ukuba ziqulathe glycogen kakhulu ngakumbi myofibrils, kodwa kufuneka mitochondria ezimbalwa. Muscle ifayibha iseli yale Uhlobo le kumafa kunye creatine yayo phosphate (CP). Kufuneka kwi lokuqala yokusebenza ekumgangatho ophezulu.

ngefayibha ezininzi ezimhlophe apha naphaya ukwenza iinzame enamandla, fast, kodwa elifutshane, ekubeni amandla aphantsi. ifayibha ekhawulezayo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-kade, kungancitshiswa amaxesha 2 ngokukhawuleza, nokuphuhlisa amandla izihlandlo ezili-10 ngaphezulu. isantya esiphezulu kunye nomkhosi womntu kuphuhlisa ngenxa yabo. Ukuba umsebenzi ufuna 25-30% umzamo ubuninzi nangaphezulu, nto leyo ithetha ukuba ukuthatha inxaxheba ukuba imicu ezimhlophe. Zahlula ngokwezi ndlela yokufumana lwamandla ntlobo zimbini zilandelayo.

imicu Quick umsipha glycolytic

Uhlobo lokuqala - imicu ngokukhawuleza glycolytic. Inkqubo glycolysis isetyenziswa ukwenza amandla. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba bayakwazi ukusebenzisa inkqubo kuphela imveliso yezamandla anaerobic elikhuthaza ukuyilwa lactic acid (zincancise). Ngako oko, i data ifayibha ukuvelisa amandla kunye ioksijini, okt aerobic. imicu Fast glycolytic luphawulwa ezona isantya kunye namandla unciphiso. Badlala indima enkulu kufunwe elikhulu leembaleki, bodybuilders, nokubonelela iimbaleki kunye neendadi, osebenza siqongqothe, isantya esiphezulu.

Imicu igcwala-glycolytic Rapid

Uhlobo lwesibini - Imicu igcwala-glycolytic olukhawulezileyo. Zibizwa ngokuba senguqu okanye esiphakathi nayo. Ezi Imicu i uhlobo uhlobo oluphakathi phakathi kwe imicu kwezihlunu kade and fast. Bona lubonakala inkqubo enamandla imveliso yezamandla (anaerobic), kodwa apha naphaya ukulungiselela umiliselo kunye umthambo ngokwanelisayo olukhulu aerobic. Ngamanye amazwi, le imicu nga ukuphuhlisa okuninzi umgudu kunye nezinga eliphezulu yokunciphisa. Ngaloo ndlela mthombo uphambili wamandla glycolysis. Ngelo xesha, ukuba ubunzulu ucutheko iyathotywa, baye bakwazi ukusebenzisa igcwala ngempumelelo. Olu hlobo ifayibha luvuliwe kwi msebenzi, ukuba umthwalo yi-20 ukuya kuma-40% of ubuninzi. Nangona kunjalo, xa kufanelekile malunga-40%, umzimba womntu nangoko ukuguquka ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa kwimicu ukuzila glycolytic.

Umlinganiselo imicu ngokukhawuleza, ngokucotha emzimbeni

Studies sele kuqhutywa ekuhambeni eyasekwa yi into yokuba umlinganiselo Imisonto ngokukhawuleza, ngokucotha emzimbeni womntu uzimisele zemfuza. Ukuba sithethe ngalo mntu avareji, uye malunga 40-50% kancinci, yaye malunga 50-60% ngokukhawuleza. Noko ke, ngamnye wethu wahlukile. Xa umzimba umntu othile ukuze kulawula uYesti zombini ezimhlophe ebomvu.

Umlinganiselo kwabo kwizihlunu ahlukeneyo emzimbeni azifani. Oku kungenxa yokuba izihlunu kunye namaqela abo emzimbeni ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Kungenxa yale imisipha ezinqamlezayo Imicu zahluke kakhulu kumafa zabo. Umzekelo, kwi izo- kunye esineendidi yi imicu abamhlophe nama-70%. Kancinane ezincinane yifemur yabo (malunga nama-50%). Kodwa gastrocnemius kwezihlunu le Imicu-16%. Oko kukuthi, ukuba iinjongo zokusebenza yinxalenye olutshintshayo ngakumbi kumsebenzi izihlunu, kuya kuba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, hayi kade.

Unxibelelwano engaba mdlalo kunye neentlobo imicu izihlunu

Kakade ukuba umlinganiselo iyonke imicu ezibomvu nezimhlophe emzimbeni womntu wabeka zemfuza. Ngenxa yoko, abantu ezahlukeneyo kwaye amandla ezahlukeneyo kwezemidlalo. Umntu ngcono edlalwa ezifuna unyamezelo, yaye umntu - namandla. Ukuba kugcwele kwimicu kade, umntu kakhulu ezifanelekileyo Ukuskiya ngakumbi, marathons, ukudada imigama emide, njalo njalo. E., Leyo ezemidlalo, esibandakanya inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla ikakhulu aerobic. Ukuba umzimba, ngaphezu kwimicu kwezihlunu ekhawulezayo-ukudideka, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuzuzwe iziphumo ezihle abanxibe impahla, lokubaleka, lokubaleka ukuqubha, weightlifting, powerlifting, kunye nabanye. Iintlobo, apho ixabiso inqununu bobabo amandla Uyadubula. Ke, njengoko nisazi, unako ukunika iifayibha izihlunu abamhlophe kuphela. Iimbaleki ezinkulu usoloko weembaleki kulawulwa ngabo. inani labo izihlunu imilenze efikelela 85% yabo. Ukuba kukho Amanani kuphantse kulingana yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, indoda ezilungele ngokugqibeleleyo ibaleka umgama ophakathi kunye nokuqubha. Nangona kunjalo, le ngasentla akuthethi ukuba xa kugcwele kwimicu ngokukhawuleza, loo mntu uya kuze ube nako ukubaleka ugqatso. Ahambe abaleke, kodwa sibesinye ube yintshatsheli kulo mdlalo. Kwelinye icala, ukuba umzimba ebomvu kakhulu ngakumbi okuzenzela, iziphumo abanxibe impahla uya umntu onjalo mbi ngaphezu koko ke ngokomyinge, umlinganiselo Imisonto abomvu namhlophe esimalunga ngokulinganayo.