Biography ka Nikolai Gastello. I-feat yeGastello, eyahla kwimbali

U-Nikolai Gastello, oza kuthiwa uchazwe kweli nqaku, wazalwa ngo-1907 kwisixeko saseMoscow, waza wafa ngo-1941. Kule ngongoma, kuya kwenziwa umzamo ukuchaza ngokufutshane iinkcazo ezibalulekileyo ebomini beSoviet hero.

Ngubani ababengumzali weqhawe elidumileyo?

Wayengumqhubi wezempi waseSoviet, olwabathathi-ntathu beemfazwe, umlawuli weqela lesibini. Wafa ngexesha lokuhamba komkhosi. UGastello yiHero yeSoviet Union. Esi sihloko sanikezelwa kuNikolai Frantsevich emva koko.

Ngubani obazali bakaGastello, iqhawe langempela? Ubaba uNicholas wayebizwa ngokuba nguFranz Pavlovich Gastello. WayenguJamani waseJersey. Wazalelwa kwidolophini yasePlazhiny. Xa umnyaka we-1900 waqala, wafika ukufuna umsebenzi eMoscow, apho waqala ukusebenza e-Kazan ngomzila wesitimela kwi-foundries. Umama uNicholas wayebizwa ngokuba nguAnastasia Semenovna Kutuzova. WayengumntwaseRussia, wayesebenza njengomthungelwano.

Ngoko kungani uNikolai Gastello afezekisa? Mhlawumbi impendulo yakhe kwi-biography? Sifanele sicinge ngobomi bukaNikolai.

Ulutsha lweGastello

Ukususela ngo-1914 ukuya ku-1918, u-Nikolai wafunda kwiSokolniki yesiXeko saBantu besiXeko esibizwa ngokuba ngu-AS Pushkin. Indlala eyingozi yonyaka ka-1918 yaphoqa abazali bakhe ukuba bamthumise okwesikhashana eMoscow, ngoko kunye neqela labafundi besikolo saseMoscovite wathunyelwa eBashkortostan.

Ngo-1919, u-Nikolai wabuyela eMoscow, apho waphinda waya esikolweni. Umsebenzi uNikolai waqala ngowe-1923, waba ngumbazi wemfundi. Kamva, ngowe-1924, intsapho kaGastello yathuthela kwisixeko saseMurom, apho uNicholas osemncinci waba yinqwelo kwipropati yokwakha izakhiwo. UDzerzhinsky, apho uyise wayesebenza khona. Ngokufanayo nomsebenzi awawuphumelele esikolweni (ngexesha langoku isikolo sikhona phantsi kwenombolo 33). Ngowe-1928 wangena kwi-VKP. Ngowe-1930, amalungu omndeni wakwaGastello aphinde abuyela eMoscow, kwaye uNikola waqala ukusebenza kwisityalo sokuqala sokwakha umatshini. 1 kuMeyi. UNikolai wayehlala kwidolophana yaseKhlebnikovo ukususela ngo-1930 ukuya ku-1932.

Inkonzo kwi-Army ebomvu

Ngomnyaka we-1932, ngoMeyi, kwisethi esikhethekileyo, uNicholas wabhalwa kwi-Red Army. Kwaye ke ngenxa yoko, wathunyelwa kwisikolo sezindiza kubaqhubi bee-pilot kwisixeko saseLugansk. Uqeqesho lwaqhutywa ngoMeyi 1932 ukuya kuDisemba 1933.

Wayekhonza kwinqanaba elinesibhozo elinesibhozo esiphezulu esibhokheni esiphezulu esiphezulu samashumi amabini anesibhozo esiphezulu, esasihlala kwisixeko saseRostov-on-Don, kwada kwa-1938. Apho apho waqala ukuphayela umqhubi ukusuka kwicala lasekunene kwisibhobho esithathu esinzima. Kwaye ngo-1934 (ukususela ngoNovemba), uNicholas wayesele esebenza ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwelo moya. Ngaba unokucinga ukuba lakhe elizayo elizelelekileyo - umdlalo we-Gastello umqhubi-uya kuhlala ehlala kwimbali yaseRashiya ngonaphakade?

Imfazwe yokuqala yeGastello

Njengomphumo wokulungiswa kwakhona kweyunithi, ngo-1938, uNikolai wehla kwi-regiment ye-first-bomber air air. Ngowe-1939, ngoMeyi, waba ngumlawuli wamalunga, kwaye malunga nonyaka kamva-nqununu we-squadron commander. Wathatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe e-Khalkhin-Gol, kunye nekhulu elinamanci mahlanu kunye nesigqeba sokuqhuma kwebhobho ye-bomb ye-bomb, eyayingaphantsi kweqela le-TBAP yokuqala. Kwakhona waba nxaxheba kwiMpi yaseSoviet yaseFinnish kwaye wayenxaxheba kwinkqubo yokujoyina iBessarabia naseNyakatho yeBukovina ukuya kwiSoviet Union ukususela ngoJuni ukuya kuJulayi 1940. Ekuseni kubusika waloo nyaka, i-unit unit iya kuVelikiye Luki, ukuya kwimida esentshonalanga, ize ifike kwiidolophu ezikufutshane naseSmolensk. Kwaye ngo-1940, uNicholas wanikezelwa ngesiqunto somphathi. Ngomnyaka we-1941, entwasahlobo, uNicholas wafumana ukuhlaziya ngokufanelekileyo kwaye wamkela i-aircraft ye-DB-3F. Emva koko wayeyinduna yecala lesine leminyaka amabini anamanci amabini anesibhozo esiphezulu sokuqhubela ibhomu.

I-Gastello's feat yenziwa emva kokukhuthazwa, ekubeni sele igosa lomlawuli wesibini kwikomiti efanayo.

Ukuhlaselwa

Ngo-1941, ngo-Juni 26, ekhokelwa nguCaptain Nikolai Frantsevich kunye noLieutenant G. N. Skorobogatym, A. A. Burdeniuk noSergeant AA Kalinin kwi-DB-3F, Ukwenza isiteyathelo sebhomu kwisigxina saseJamani esilungelelaniswa ngendlela eya kuMlodechno-Radoshkovichi. Ukuhamba kwendiza kwenzeka kunye nekhonkco ye-bombers 2. Umlilo womshini kaNikolai Frantsevich wadutshulwa ngumlilo weenqwelo zokulwa.

I-enemy projectile yonakalise i-tank yamanzi. U-Nikolai wayala i-aircraft esivuthayo kwiziko lezitha. I-feat yeGastello (ngokufutshane) yayikubamba inkunzi yemvu. Bonke abasebenzi babulawe.

Ngokutsho kukaVorobiev noRybas

NgoJuni 26, 1941 baleka i-squadron eholwa nguCaptain Nikolai Gastello Frantsevich. Kanye kunye neebhomu ezinzima, i-DB-3F. Inqwelo yesibili yayiqhutywe nguLieutenant F. Vorobiev, uLieutenant Anatoly Ryas wagijimla njengendwendwe. Njengoko babiza amanye amalungu angama-2 ase-Vorobyov, awaziwa. Ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kweteknoloji yaseJamani, indiza kaGastello yadutshulwa. Ukususela kumagama kaVorobiev noRybas, umshini ovuthayo weGastello wakhiqiza i-ramming yekholam echanekileyo yezixhobo zintshaba. Ebusuku, abalimi abasuka kwidolophana elisondeleyo yaseDekshnyan badonsa izidumbu zabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, bawafaka izidumbu kwiiparachuts waza bawafihla kufuphi nesiza sokuhlaselwa kwesibhamu.

Ufunde konke

Kungekudala, umdlalo kaGastello ufumene ngokubanzi kwi-press. Ngomhla ka-1941, ngoJulayi 5, ngokuhlwa, kwiSishwankathelo seSoviet Information Bureau, isalathiso sokuqala senziwe ngezenzo zikaNikolai. AbaPhezulu uP. Pavlenko, uP. Krylov wabhala ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu eli nqaku "uCaptain Gastello", eyapapashwa kwiphephandaba elibizwa ngokuthi "Pravda" ekuseni ngoMsombuluko 10.

Ngentsasa ngoJulayi 6, abaqhubi bee-pilot badibana kwiiplani ezihlukeneyo zangaphambili kwii-loudspeakers. Ulwazi lwasasazwa ngesikhululo somsakazo saseMoscow, ilizwi lommemezeli lalibonakala lisazi kakuhle - ngokukhawuleza imemori yendlu, eMoscow, yavela. Ummemezeli ufunde ulwazi olufutshane malunga nento eyenziwa nguGastello. Abantu abaninzi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo ngaphambili baphinda baphinda igama leqhawe, uCaptain Gastello, emva kwesithethi.

Imemori

Kwakudala ngaphambi kwemfazwe, xa uGastello esebenzisana noyise kwi-factory yaseMoscow, uNikolai wachazelwa ukuba naphi na apho wamiselwa khona, kuyo nayiphi na imisebenzi ayithunyelwe kuyo, wabeka umzekelo kuyo yonke indawo kwaye wayeyimzekelo wokukhuthaza, ukunyamezela nokuzinikela. Kwakungumntu owayebuthelela amandla kumsebenzi omkhulu.

Xa waba ngumqhubi wokulwa, kwangoko kwazaliseka. Wayengeyena udumo, kodwa ngokukhawuleza wathuthela ekuthandeni. I-feat yaGastello, njengoko beyikhumbula kamva, yayiza kwenziwa. Kutheni? Ngenxa yokuba wayeyindoda enjalo! Nsuku zonke wahamba ngomzamo wokwenza okuthile kwi-Motherland yakhe, imihla ngemihla yenkonzo yayinomdla.

Ngowe-1939 wabhoxisa iifeksi zezempi zaseBelinsky, iibhokisi zeepilisi kunye namabhuloho, e-Bessarabia waphonsa i-parachute yethu yokuhlasela, eyayinokuthintela ukuphangwa kwimeko. Ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic, u-Nikolai Frantsevich, umphathi-nqununu wesikhephe sakhe, iintsika ze-fascist zincinci, zachithwa izinto zokulwa kunye namabhuleji aqhekekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, uKaputeni Gastello wasasaza udumo kwiindawo ezindizayo.

Isenzo, esaba yimbali

Umdlalo wokugqibela kaGastello awusoze ulibaleka ebomini. NgoJulayi 3, phantsi komyalelo wakhe, uCaptain Nikolai Frantsevich walwa emoyeni. Ngaphantsi, phantsi, kwakukho imfazwe. Iinqununu zezitha ezenziwe ngeenqwelo ezihamba ngeendlela ezenza i-Soviet territory. Ukubethelwa kwamatye ethu kunye neenqwelo-moya ezigcinwe kwaye zagxininisa inkqubela yabo. Ukuzalisa ukulwa kwakhe, uGastello akazange avumele ukuphuma ekulweni nasemfazweni yomhlaba.

Kwikhondo lemfazwe, iinqabhoko zeentshaba zithwala itanki lepetroli. Isithuthi sabamba umlilo. Imeko, eneneni, inqweno.

UCaptain Gastello akaphoseli umbane otshaya. Ukuhla, emhlabathini, kubabandezeli baqhuma, njengengqungquthela yomlilo, yendiza yakhe. Umlilo usele kufuphi nomqhubi. Kodwa umhlaba sele usondele. Amehlo kaGastello ashushu ngotangatye, kodwa akawavali, kwaye izandla zakhe ezivuthayo zihlala ziqinile. I-ndege yokuguqa iyalithobela izandla zomqhubi wokufa.

Inqwelo yeGastello idibanisa kwiqela lemithombo kunye neemoto, kwaye ukuqhuma kweendudumo kunye neengqungquthela ezide zigubha umoya wokulwa; Ngaloo ndlela uphelela ubomi bakhe - kungekhona ukuthunjwa okuyihlazo, kungekhona ukuphazamiseka, kodwa i-feat!

Umhla owenziwe kwimbali

Sasihlala sikhumbula kwaye siyakhumbula igama leqhawe - uCaptain Nikolai Gastello. Into ayenzayo, yamncenga unyana wakhe nomyeni, kodwa wanika uMamala iqhawe kunye nethuba lokuphumelela.

Inkumbulo, ngonaphakade ihlala isenzo somntu owafa, esenza isikhali esibulalayo. Esi siganeko senzeke ngoJulayi 3, nangona singenakuchazwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Kodwa nguJulayi 3 - umhla ochazwe kwinqaku elithi "uCaptain Gastello". Inokwenzeka ukuba, le nombolo yabizwa ngokuba ngumyalezo weSovinformbureau, owasasazwa ngoJulayi 5 ukusuka kuma-loudspeakers. Kufuneka ukuba uqaphele ukuba le nqaku ePravda ifumene impendulo enkulu, kwaye i-Gastello's feat yayisetyenziswa rhoqo njengomzekelo kwi-propaganda yaseSoviet. UNicholas waba enye yezona zimbalwa eziphambili nezidumileyo. Ukuxhaphazwa kwakhe kwahlala ngonaphakade kwii-annals ze-Great Great Patriotic War, kwaye yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengomzekelo wokuziphatha kwepropaganda yenkokeli yomhlaba ngenjongo yokwenza umbono wehlabathi kubantu abatsha, zombini ngexesha lokulwa kunye nabahlaseli be-fascist nasemva kwexesha lokulwa, kuze kufike ukuwa kwe-USSR.

Uhlu lufunyenwe ngasemva

Ekupheleni kukaJulayi 1942, umlawuli we-124th long-range-bomb yeviation aircraft wanikezelwa ngesihloko seHero yeSoviet Union. Ngethuba, ngelishwa uNF Gastello, ogama lakhe liza kuphila iminyaka emininzi, laziswa kwesi sihloko.

Ngokommiselo woMphathiswa wezoKhuseleko weSoviet Union, uKaputeni Nikolai Franzevich uhlanganiswe ngokusisigxina kulona uluhlu lwemibutho ye-aviation. Kwangexesha elide lesi siganeko sahlulwa. Ngoko ke, abasebenzi, ababandakanya i-Skorobogaty GN, uKalinin AA, iBurenyuenyu AA, ixesha elide lalingumthunzi walo mthetheli wakhe owaziwayo. Kodwa yonke ibhaso ibhaso linikezelwe kuphela ku-N. Gastello. I-feat yenziwa yiqela lakhe. Ngowe-1958 onke amalungu e-crew awanikezelwa nguMyalelo weMfazwe yokuThengisa iNdanga ye- degree. Emva koko.

"I-Gastellovtsy" - abaqhubi abaqhuba i "inkunzi yemvu"

Ngemizamo ye-propaganda yamaSoviet, i-Nikolai Gastello's feat yaba yinto eyaziwayo kunayo yonke kwimbali yeMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic, kwaye igama leqhawe lalidume. "Abagcobi" baqala ukubiza abo baqhubi abaphinda baphinde bavakalise u-Nicholas. Ngoko ngubani ophindaphinda umdlalo kaGastello?

Iphelele, ngexesha lemfazwe ka-1941-1945. Amakhulu amahlanu anamanci asithoba anesihlanu "iiklasi" zeenkunzi zeenkunzi zeenqwelomoya zaveliswa, oko kukuthi yindiza. Iinqwelo ezingamakhulu amahlanu anesithandathu ngeenqwelo zeenqwelo zomhlaba, iinkunzi zeenkunzi ezilishumi elinesibhozo elwandle, kule nombolo inokuquka ukubetha abaqhubi beelwandle kunye neethagethi zentshonalanga, iinqwelo ezilikhulu elinamanci mathandathu.

Kukho idatha eyahlukileyo kwinani leenkunzi zeegusha

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho ukungahambelani ethile kwimithombo malunga nenani leenkunzi zegusha. Ngokomzekelo, kwinqaku elithi "Abalandeli bakaNilaylay Gastello" kuphela elwandle elinesine elinesineenkunzi zeegusha ezimashumi mahlanu anesibini, iinkunzi zeegusha ezingamakhulu amahlanu anesithandathu kunye neenqwelo zomhlaba.

AD Zaitsev encwadini yakhe ethi "Izixhobo Zomoya Oqinileyo" ichaza inani leenkunzi zeenqwelo zomoya ngenani elingaphezulu kwamathandathu anesibini. Ukongezelela, iimbali-mlando zeenkwenkwezi zithetha ukuba: "kwiphepha leintshaba, kukho iigusha ezingaphezu kweenkunzi ezingamashumi amabini ezenziwa ngabaqhubi beSoviet, eziphindaphinda ukuxhaphazwa kweGastello. Kuze kube ngoku, abaqhubi bee-pilot abazange bachongwe. "

Akukho ndlela ihambelana nokuqikelelwa kwenani lenene "inkunzi yomlilo". Ngokomzekelo, u- Yuri Ivanov emsebenzini wakhe "U-Kamikaze: abaqhubi bezokuzibulala" babhala inani lezo zidibaniso, ezenziwa ngabaqhubi be-Soviet ukusuka ngo-1941 ukuya ku-1945, "malunga namakhulu amathathu namashumi amahlanu."

Ekupheleni kwesi siqendu

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba abaqhubi beSoviet baqhoxisa intshaba. Ubuncinane ubhale uluhlu lweempawu eziphambili ezibandakanyiweyo kwingxelo yembali yeminyaka yemfazwe. Abathathu abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya basebenzisa inkunzi yegusha kabini, abaqhubi abane-Nikolai Terekhin, UVladimir Matveyev, uLeonid Borisov, uAlexey Khlobystov - amaxesha amathathu, kunye noBoris Kovzan-amaxesha amane. Laba baphinda baphinda ngokuxhaphazwa kweGastello, beka injongo - nayiphi na indleko, vumela eli xabiso - lobomi balo, londoloza i-Motherland kwaye linike ithuba elizayo kwabanye abantu. Igalelo lethu elincinci kule nto kukugcina imemori yabo, sibongobani ngoku esinobomi obunjalo!