UJaba Ioseliani ungumlisela emthethweni. UJaba Konstantinovich Ioseliani, yakhe imbali kunye nesithombe

Wayesentolongweni phantsi kweStalin neKrushchev, uBrzhnev neGrbachev, iYeltsin kunye neGamsakhurdia. Emva kokuchitha isiqingatha sobomi bakhe kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga, uJaba Ioseliani waba ngumntu olwaphulo-mthetho, wezopolitiko kunye nesayensi kwiGeorgia. Ukuba isela emthethweni, ebizwa ngokuthi "Dub", wayengumlawuli wangempela welizwe ukususela ngo-1991 ukuya ku-1995.

Ubuntwana nobutsha bolawulo-mthetho, izigqibo zokuqala

UJaba Konstantinovich Ioseliani, onobomi bakhe ubonwa ngolu nqaku, wazalwa ngowe-1926 kwisixeko saseGeorgia saseKhahuri. Uyise wale nkwenkwe wayesebenza kaloliwe, kwaye unina wayengutitshala. Ubuntwana bamagunya olwaphulo-mthetho olusasazwa ngendlala. Ngenkwenkwezi yasekuqaleni, wakhuliswa ngesitalato waza wahlala ngokuba. U-Ioseliani wathola ithuba lokuqala njengeminyaka eli-16 ubudala. Ukusela ngokuphanga, iNkundla yeSithili yaseMlotov yaseTbilisi yamgweba iminyaka emihlanu entolongweni.

Ngowe-1948, lo mfana wathola ukukhululwa kwangethuba. Emva kokufudukela kwisikhululo esisentla, kwisatifikethi sokungabikho (engazange aphumelele isikolo esiphezulu ngelo xesha), uJaba wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseLeningrad. I-Pushkin kwi-Faculty of Oriental Studies. Ukufumana ubunengqiqo obuqilileyo, waba ngumnye wabafundi abahamba phambili. Ootitshala, abangazange bayeke ukudumisa ubuchule beengqondo zabo eziphezulu kunye nabasemagqabini, bamangaliswa xa bafumanisa ukuba ngexesha lakhe lokuzikhethela wayebandakanyeka kwizenzo ezingekho mthethweni. Ngo-1951 uJaba Konstantinovich wabanjwa e-Leningrad waza wagwetywa iminyaka eli-1 entolongweni ngenxa yezinto ezimbi.

Ukuqala kwemisebenzi yombhalo

Kungekudala emva kwekota lesibini, okwesithathu kulandelwa. Ngeli xesha, u-Ioseliani wabanjwa ngokuhlaselwa ngokuxhoba ngokubulala kwaye wagwetywa iminyaka engama-25. Ngexa wayesetolongweni, yena, ngokungafani nabalingane bakhe, abachitha ixesha bedlala amakhadi, baqala ukubhala. Ibali likaJaba lalibhalwe kakuhle kangangokuthi, nangona ehlala kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga, zaqala ukupapashwa kumaphephancwadi. U-Ioseliani uJaba Konstantinovich wabiza ngokukhawuleza umsebenzi wakhe wexesha lokuvalelwa entolongweni "lweencwadi zendawo". Isiphumo sabalobi abanetalente bahlonishwa ngamanani aqhelekileyo enkcubeko yeGeorgia SSR. Ngesikhalazo sabo ngo-1965, u-Ioseliani wakhululwa ngaphambi kweshedyuli.

Ubomi be-Ioseliani kwi-60-yokuqala yesiqingatha sama-80

Efunyanwa inkululeko, uJaba oneminyaka engu-38 ubudala wanquma ukuqala ubomi obutsha. Wafumana imfundo yesibini kwisikolo sakusihlwa, wangena kwiTbilisi Theatre Institute, waqala ukukhusela i-Ph.D. yakhe, waza wachaza udokotela. Ukuba nguprofesa, wasebenza kwiziko lezemidlalo njengotitshala. Ukufunda iintetho kubafundi, andinakulibala malunga nokudlulayo kwam kuYaba Ioseliani. Isela kumthetho osongela ngokungekho mthethweni izithelo kunye nemifuno yaseGeorgia kwiimarike ezingenakubalwa zeSoviet Union. Ngenxa yeenkonzo zakhe owayengumbanjwa wafumana imali enhle, eyamvumela ukuba aphile ngokuzonwabisa kwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuzange kumthintele ekuboniseni ukunganeliseki ngesabelo awela kuso ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe ongcolileyo nomngcipheko. Ngokombono wakhe, "kwakungekho ngokwemiqathango", kwaye igunya labo lobugebengu lizama ukuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo. U-Ioseliani wayenombala kakhulu kwaye unomdla wokuba u-70s owayengumongameli odumile waseGeorgia uNodar Dumbadze wamenza umboniso weqhawe lencwadi yakhe ethi "White Flags" nguLimon Devdariani, emva koko uzuko "isela" elithembekileyo emthethweni.

UkuBhala koLwazi

Ukudibanisa nokufundisa kwiziko lezonyango kunye nomsebenzi wobugebengu, u-Ioseliani Jaba Konstantinovich wathola ixesha lokubhala imisebenzi. Wabhala amanqaku ezenzululwazi, i-monographs kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa. Umlobi wesela kumthetho unemidlalo emithandathu, eyagqitywa kamva kwiimigangatho yee-Tbilisi. Ukususela kwiingcamango, iincwadana zakhe "Qeqesha uNombolo 113", "Umhlaba weLimonia" kunye ne "Three Dimensions" zaziwa kakhulu. Ebhalwa ngolwimi oluvuthayo nolushukumisayo, bathabatha ingqalelo yabafundi kumaphepha okuqala kwaye abayiyikhulula kuze kube sekupheleni.

Ukuza kwezopolitiko, ukudala iMhedhedrioni

Phakathi ne-80 yeJaba Ioseliani, umfanekiso wayo onokubonwa kwinqaku, wayebingelelwa ngentshiseko ngeendaba zokuqala kwe-perestroika. Emva kokuyeka umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa waza wayeka ukubhala, waqala ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimpilo yezobupolitika yaseGeorgia. Ngo-1989, wadala i-Mkedrioni (amahhashi). Amalungu ayo azibiza ngokuba ngabaxhamli beengqungquthela zengqungquthela yokulwa namaTurkey namaPersi. Banika isifungo sokukhusela umhlaba waseGeorgia nabantu abahlala kuwo. Amalungu eMhedhedrioni agqoka ama-sweaters, i jeans, iebhatyi kunye nezibuko zelanga, ezingazange zithathwe nakwikamelo. Omnye "umgibeli" entanyeni yakhe waxhoma i-medallion negama lakhe kunye nohlobo lwegazi kwicala elinye kunye nomfanekiso kaGeorge onqobayo kwenye.

Inhlangano eyenziwe nguJaba Ioseliani, eqinisweni, yayiyiqela elinobugebengu elingekho mthethweni, elibandakanya izigwenxa, izilwanyana zonyango kunye nabantwana bezitalato abangenamakhaya. Kungekudala amalungu kaMkhedrioni angena ephalamende yaseGeorgia. Iqela leJuba Konstantinovich lithatha inxaxheba kwininzi yezimpikiswano ezixhobileyo ezenzeka kwindawo yaseGeorgia. Kodwa impumelelo enkulu "yabagibeli" kukuba bawubhubhisa urhulumente weZivad Gamsakhurdia kwaye bancedisa ukuza kumandla u-Eduard Shevardnadze.

Zama ukuthatha amandla

Ngowe-1990, ukhetho lwamaqela amaninzi lwaluqhutywa eGeorgia, apho amaKomanisi atyhulwa khona. IBhunga eliPhezulu leRiphabhlikhi laphethwe yi-Zviad Gamsakhurdia, apho i-Ioseliani yayingathandeki. Isela emthethweni libiza ngokuthi "i-fascist" kwaye ityholwa ngokuphula amalungelo namalungelo abantu. Ekuqaleni kuka-1991, uJaba Konstantinovich wazama ukungena kwi-Mkhedrioni e-Tbilisi, apho ayebanjwe nguMbutho weNgaphakathi loMnyango waza waphoswa entolongweni.

Ngentwasahlobo yaloo nyaka, iGeorgia ifumana i-republic republic, kwaye uGamsakhurdia uba ngumongameli wayo. Emva kwazo zonke iziganeko ndazibukela entolongweni uJaba Ioseliani. Isela, elijwayele ukuhlala ngeengcamango, lingenamandla ngeli xesha kwaye alikwazi ukukhusela umchasi wakhe ukuba angene kumandla.

Umkhosi wokulwa

Umgaqo-nkqubo owawuqhutywa nguGamsakhurdia wawucatshulwa kwaye awuhambelani, ngenxa yoko wuleza walahlekelwa inkxaso ngenkxaso. Ngomhla ka-Agasti 1991, emva kokubhikisana kukaRhulumente eMoscow, walela iKomiti yeSizwe yoLungxamiseko ukuba ikhutshwe kwisikhokelo seKomiti yezoKhuseleko zeSizwe, ngaloo ndlela yenze iphutha elingenakuthethelelwa. Abagadi beeGadadi, benqaba ukujoyina i-Ministry of Internal Affairs, badibanise noMhedhedrioni kwaye ngoDisemba 1991 benze i-coup d'Etat ngokugumbuqela uGamsakhurdia nokukhulula i-Ioseliani entolongweni. Emva kokukhululwa, uJaba Konstantinovich kunye nomphathi wamagosa e-Guards uTengiz Kitovani udala iBhunga leeMpi, eligqitywa libe yiBhunga likaRhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, urhulumente omtsha akazange anandiphe inkxaso yabantu, kwaye u-Ioseliani umema isikhundla sokuba ngumongameli weBhunga likaRhulumente elidalwe nguEdward Shevardnadze. Ngokwegunya lolwaphulo-mthetho, wayengumfundi ofanelekileyo wokukhokela ilizwe.

Ioseliani kwisiqingatha sokuqala sama-90

Ukususela kumzuzwana uShevardnadze waba namandla kwaye wada wafika ngo-1995, umbusi wase Georgia waseJaba Ioseliani. I-biography yakhe ibonisa ukuba kulo lonke eli lixesha wathonya umgaqo-nkqubo kweli lizwe, ethembele ekuxhaseni iqela elinobukhosi alidalileyo. Nangona u-Ioseliani ngokwakhe wamzisa u-Shevardnadze amandla kwaye wamnceda ukuba abe ngumongameli, akazange avuyiswe yizenzo zakhe njengentloko kaRhulumente. Ubudlelwane obunzulu phakathi kobupolitika bekhokelela ekubeni ngo-Agasti 1995 abakwa-Mkhedrioni kunye neenkokheli zabo batyholwa ngokulungisa umzamo ku-Edward Shevardnadze. Ngenxa yoko, uJaba Konstantinovich wabanjwa kwaye emva kokuvalelwa kwexesha elide wagwetywa iminyaka elishumi elinanye entolongweni. Iqela alidalileyo lalinqatshelwe.

Iminyaka ezayo

Ngo-2001, u- Eduard Shevardnadze wayengalindelekanga wabuxolela umhlobo wakhe wangaphambili. Emva kokushiya, u-Ioseliani oneminyaka engama-75 ubudala wanquma ukubuyela kwezobupolitika. Wagijimela abaphathi ukuba baphumelele ngonyulo kwipalamente yaseGeorgia, kodwa baxhatshazwa. Akunqweneli ukuhlala ungenzi lutho, uJaba Konstantinovich ubuyele kumsebenzi wokubhala. Kungekudala ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, watyelela eMoscow kunye neencwadi zakhe eziguqulelwe kwisiRashiya. Isela emthethweni lashona ngo-Matshi 4, 2003 ukusuka kwesibetho. Wangcwatywa eTbilisi kwintsimi yeDubeube yabantu abadumileyo baseGeorgia.