Njengabantu base-USSR ababizwa ngokuba yi-VSSO, kunye nelo liqela lokwakha

E-USSR kwakungekho nto yokungasebenzi. Kwakukho okuchasene ngokupheleleyo nale nkcazo ehlazo - ukusilela ngonaphakade kwabasebenzi. Le ngxaki yayinzima kakhulu kwiinkokeli zelizwe emva kweCongo ye-20 yeCPSU, eyabonisa ukukhululwa kwentlalontle yoluntu. Umkhosi wabasebenzi we-GULAG amabanjwa ayancipha kakhulu, abalimi babe nethuba, kungakhathaliseki ukuba lilinganiselwe, ukuphepha isithuba sokugqibela somlimi we-serf wokuphila ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, imfuno yabakhi yayisenyuka. Ngokukodwa kwakuvezwa kwii-50, ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kweentombi ezinjengeKazakhstan. Kwaye kwenyuka i-VCSS inyathelo, iphefumlelwe njengento nayiphi na into ebalulekileyo, ngeqela lamaKhomanisi, elilawulayo kuphela kwi-Soviet Union.

I-stroyotryadovtsi yokuqala-intombi

Kwilizwe eliyintombi, abazingeli babengenako ukuhamba. Ingqungquthela yokuqala yabafuduki yayineengxenye ezimbini ezingalinganiyo, abathandana nomdla (abancinci) kunye nabo bahendelwa ukunyuka, befumene imeko ebunzima kakhulu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zobomi. Ngamanye amazwi, okwesibini, uluhlu oluninzi lwabantu ababenanto yokulahlekelwa, kuquka nabantu abanemvelaphi yobugebengu. Ngesinye isithuba esingaqeshwanga, singenakunikezelwa ngezindlu kunye neendawo zokubonelela, abanomdla kunye nabashenxayo baqala ukuqonda ubunzima beemeko, abaninzi bazama ukubuya, kodwa kwakungeke kwenzeke kuwo wonke umntu. Emva koko iqela lakhala kubafundi, kwaye iKomsomol, njengoko isoloko iphendulwa, iphendule "kukho!" Iqela lokuqala lokwakha, njengoko abantu babibiza ngokuba yi-VCSS ntshukumo e-USSR, baya kuCelina ngo-1959 kwaye babe nabafundi eMyuvesi yaseMoscow. Abafundi abangama-339 kwihlobo lase-Kazakhstan, indawo yokuthunjwa kwamabanjwa ezombusazwe, izindlu eziyi-12, umvundla kunye neenkukhu ezimbalwa zeenkukhu. Ezi mpu melelo zazingaphezulu kwezinto eziphambili. Ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwanoma yiyiphi i-builders abaqeqeshiweyo kunye neendleko ezininzi zokuthutha, ukutya kunye nokuhlala kwabantu abancinci, ukulungiswa kwezi ndawo ngeke kwenzeke. Ngokumalunga nomvuzo wabo ngamnye, nokuba ingaba le nto yayingenani ubuncedisayo, imbali ithe cwaka.

Amalinge okutsala izibonelelo zabasebenzi zabafundi abancinci bebambini ngaphambili nangemva koko. Ukususela kwiiplani zokuqala zeminyaka emihlanu, ubuholi benkampani bakholelwa ukuba abafundi abafanelekanga ukuchitha iiholide zabo zasehlotyeni ngokungabikho. Kwiminyaka "yentlalo ekhulileyo" isithethe siqhubeka ngokuthunyelwa rhoqo emsebenzini wezolimo ekwindla kwiifama ezihlangeneyo ezixhaswe. Ngelo xesha, ngokuqhelekileyo imisebenzi eyenziwa ngamalungu eKomsomol awazange ahlobene nokukwakha. Ngaloo nyaka, ngo-1983, isidingo sokuqamba kabusha saqulunqwa, kuba abantu base-USSR babibiza ngokuba yi-VCSS ntshukumo okwakhiwa ngamaqela okwakha. Ngoku bebhaliwe ngesigqabisho esifutshane se CO (okokuthi, ama-detachments abafundi), ngokwandisa ububanzi babo besicelo. Abafundi basebenziselwe kumashishini amashishini, abafumana ubunzima, kubandakanywa nonyaka, kwimithombo yabasebenzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwezo zityalo kunye namafektri, umsebenzi wawunzima, iimiselo zaphakamileyo, kwaye ukuhlawula kwakumthobe kakhulu.

Isakhiwo sombutho

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwayo, uKomsomol ube ngumncedisi othembekileyo kwiqela lamaKomanisi. Njengoko ku-CPSU, umgaqo-siseko kule ntlangano wawuyi-centralism yenkululeko. Wadluliselwa kwinzala yeKomsomol, amaqela okwakha, njengabantu base-USSR ababizwa ngokuba yi-VSSO. Ulwakhiwo, zonke iiyunithi zilawulwa yikomkhulu eliphakathi, elisebenza phantsi kweKomidi Ephakathi yeKomsomol. Iyunithi nganye (i-squad), equkethe abantu abangamashumi amathathu ukuya kwamashumi amane, yayingaphantsi komsebenzi ohambelana nekomiti yesithili saseKomsomol. Kwakulawulwa ngumlawuli kunye no-commissar. Umntu owayengaphambili wayebandakanyeka kwiinkalo eziqhelekileyo zobunkokeli, oku kulawulo lwalulandelayo. Kwakukho ezinye izikhundla eziyimfuneko kumsebenzi ofanelekileyo wenkundla, umzekelo, umgcini-akhawunti okanye umpheki. Abalawuli abancinci abakhethiweyo kwilizwe elibanzi bathabatha inxaxheba kwimibutho yamalungiselelo rhoqo.

Ukunyakaza kwe stroyotryadovskogo

Intshukumo ye-VSSO kwi-USSR yafikelela kwinqanaba layo ekupheleni kwemashumi anesithandathu nakwi-70 ubudala. Ubomi bomfundi buhlala buhlwempu. I-scholarship yaba ngama-ruble angama-40 (okwandisiwe-50), kwaye ahlala kwihostele "ngaphandle kweedolophu" kufuneka afune umvuzo, ngakumbi ukuba ngaba abazali abanakunceda. U-Stroyotryady wanika ithuba lokunyusa ikhefu kwi-stock up cash, ngamanye amaxesha kubalulekile. Ijografi yabo yayininzi, kwaye kwezinye iimeko bahlawulisa iintlawulo ezongezelelweyo, ezisentla okanye ukude. Ukufumana ngexesha leeholide ngumcimbi oqhelekileyo kumfundi kunaliphi na ilizwe, kodwa akukho ndawo ifumene inqanaba elinjenge-USSR. Abantu babibiza ngokuba yi-VSSO, amaqela okwakha, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nje nge-shabashnikami, kodwa kwakungekho nto. Ngethuba nje ukukhutshwa okuphambili kwakukho intlawulo ehlawulwe kakhulu, yaveliswa, kwaye inani labafundi ababambe iqhaza kulo likhula. Kakade ngo-1970 kwagqitha inani lama-300 lamawaka, emva kweminyaka emihlanu kamva, kwaye ngo-1980 kwadlula amawaka angama-800. Kwaye kwabakho ukuhla.

Ukuhla kwe-BCCO

Ngethuba nje amaqela okwakha ayenokhetho oluthile lwezinto ababefanele basebenze kuzo, izinto zihamba kakuhle. Kodwa ngowama-1983, ubuholi beqela baqaphela ukuba "ubunzima" obunamandla obunokusetyenziswa kangangoko, oluguqulelwe ngolwimi lwezoqoqosho lubonakaliswe ngolu hlobo olulula "hlawula ngaphantsi, sebenze okungakumbi kwaye akuyi ndawo apho bafuna khona, kodwa apho bathi". Inani labo bafuna ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo kuyehla, kwaye amanyathelo olawulo athatyathwe esenzweni, kuze kube yingozi yokuxoswa kwiyunivesiti xa kunqatshelwe ukusebenza ehlotyeni kwikomiti yokwakha.

Kanti ...

Nangona kunjalo abo baneminyaka engama-50 ukuya kuma-60 ubudala bakhumbula amaqela ekwakhiwa igama elihle. Abantu abatsha abangayazi nokuba yiyiphi inxaxheba ekuthiwa yi-VCSS ntshukumo, kunye nendlela ezi ncwadi eziye zenziwa ngayo, kunzima ukuqonda uvuyo lwentlobo yesigcina eyakhelwe ndawonye, umqondo wokuzimela kunye nolonwabo lokulwa neengxaki, kodwa zininzi zazo. Iimvumba zazixuma, iimeko zemihla ngemihla zaziyeke zifunwa kakhulu, kwaye kwanokuba isingeniso esifana nesilungiselelwe ngumama, kodwa konke oku kwakungekho nto. Iingoma ngomlilo, kungekhona loo nto i-Pakhmutov eyayibhala ngayo "ngecala lokwakha", amazambane aphekiweyo, uthando lokuqala kunye nenkululeko yemilingo inkululeko, exhaswa yimpembelelo enobuncwane yemali efunyenwe ngokwabo ephaketheni lakhe - yiloo nto ikhunjulwa yi-stroyotryadovtsam, kwaye ngoku iincwadana kunye nootata. Uluhlu olunjalo lunokufunwa ngumntu oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala.